RU2118879C1 - Grain combine header - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: header has housing of inclined chamber, central bar and auxiliary connecting member formed as tie-rod and positioned between housing and central bar. Tie-rod has body and two spherical pivot joints-tips allowing header housing to be inclined in transverse direction. Stalk lifters are mounted below header bottom. Four stalk lifters make feelers of automatic copying system. Feelers are adapted for independent tracing of field relief variations. Automatic copying system has logic device for controlling longitudinal and transverse tracing actuating hydraulic cylinders through electric hydraulic valves. Optimum relative position of header and inclined chamber and construction provide response of header to any field relief irregularities. EFFECT: increased efficiency by high precision of relief tracing. 4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a device for harvesting, in particular to combine harvesters equipped with a floating header.

 A harvesting part is known having a special suspension system of the header body to the inclined chamber, including spring blocks and lever systems on both sides of the inclined chamber. Such a suspension system of the header to the inclined chamber provides both longitudinal and transverse copying of the field topography by the header of the combine harvester. And for copying the microrelief, support shoes are used. (see. Portnov M.N. Combineer's manual. Vol. 3, revised and enlarged M .: Kolos, 1977. p. 18).

 The disadvantages of the known device are the low accuracy of copying, especially on moist and stony soils, as well as the fact that during the copying process the optimal mutual position of the header and the inclined chamber is determined, which is determined by the "dead zone" between the feed screw of the header and the lower shaft of the inclined conveyor.

 The harvesting part is also known, equipped with a device for automatically copying the field topography of the harvester header (a.s. N 540597), including copiers installed on both sides of the header, directional valves, thrusts of adjustable length and lifting cylinders, each of which is equipped with an individual directional control valve hydraulically connected to the lifting cylinder mounted on the camera of the inclined conveyor and kinematically connected with the two-arm linkage of the floating part of the header.

 In this case, there are two significant drawbacks: 1 - insufficient accuracy of copying, since control over changes in the field topography is carried out only at two points; 2 - the copying process is carried out by deflecting the header body relative to the inclined chamber, which entails a change in the volume of the "dead zone" between the header screw and the inclined conveyor, which is one of the determining factors for the uneven supply of bread mass to the thresher of the combine harvester.

 The technical task is to increase the accuracy of copying with the optimal mutual position of the header and the tilting chamber, especially on a laden birch.

 To achieve a constant optimum mutual position of the header and the inclined chamber along the axis of the spherical hinge between the central beam of the header and the housing of the inclined chamber, an additional connecting link is installed, consisting of a housing and two spherical hinges-tips that allow the header housing to deviate in the transverse direction.

 The accuracy of copying is achieved by the fact that in the proposed device: firstly, the change in the relief of the field is controlled by four stylus lifters mounted on a multi-link shaft mounted under the bottom of the header. And for copying the microrelief on the same shaft, the staple lifters, similar in shape to the stub lifters, are pivotally mounted. Secondly, the probe lifters control the change in the field relief in front of the cutting apparatus, which compensates for the "inertness" of the response of the harvesting part to irregularities caused by the response time of the system and coordinate the header raising or lowering with the approach to the obstacle. Thirdly, the signals from the stub lifters about changing the field topography are processed by a logic device that controls the executive transverse copy cylinders mounted on the housing of the inclined camera and kinematically connected with the brackets on the header housing beam, as well as the lifting and lowering hydraulic cylinders for longitudinal harvesting .

 In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 schematically shows the header of a combine harvester with a system for automatically copying the field topography.

 A multi-link shaft 5 is mounted on the bottom 1 of the header 2 with the help of brackets 3 and supports 4. Stem lifters 6 are pivotally mounted on the shaft 5 and the right 7 and left 8 stylus probes are rigidly fixed, which are connected to the left and left through the specified shaft and adjusting flanges 9 and 10 respectively, pendulums 11 of the sensor blocks 12 mounted on the sides of the header body respectively. Setting the cutting height is carried out by combining the corresponding holes on the adjusting flanges. The sensor blocks 12 consist of lift sensors 13 and lowering sensors 14, electrically connected to the logic device 15, and then to the electrodistributors 16 and 17. The electrodistributor 16 is hydraulically connected to the actuating cylinders 18 for transverse copying mounted on the housing of the inclined camera 19 and kinematically connected with brackets 20 on the header body beam. At the same time, the connection of these hydraulic cylinders is the opposite, that is, if the rod of the right cylinder is retracted, then the rod of the left cylinder is extended. The electrohydrodistributor 17 is connected via hydraulic lines to the hydraulic cylinders 21 for longitudinal copying. The rod 22, used to maintain the constancy of the "dead zone" between the auger of the header and the inclined conveyor, is fixed along the axis of the spherical hinge 23 on the central beam 24 of the header and the housing of the inclined chamber using brackets 25.

 As previously noted, a change in the topography of the field is controlled by four stylus lifter probes. Due to this, it is necessary that each of the probe-stem lifters track irregularities of the field independently of each other. According to this, the stylus-lifter has a special design, which includes: a base 26 with a collapsible head 27 for mounting on a multi-link shaft, a hinge 28 for movable connection of the base and the nose 29 of the stylus-lifter, a return spring 30 and a restriction cable 31 fixed at using brackets 32 on the body and nose, as well as the protrusion 33 to limit the maximum deviation of the base of the stylus.

 The harvesting part works as follows. If the given and actual heights of the cutting apparatus are equal above the field surface, the pendulums 11 of the sensor blocks 12 are in the middle position, i.e. between the sensors 13 and 14, and therefore, the spools of the electrodistributor are also in the neutral position. Oil from the power source goes to drain. In this case, the stalk lifters 6, as well as the probe stalk lifters 7 and 8, within the free zone of the pendulum between the sensors, copy the microrelief of the field, raise the laid mass above the cutting apparatus, which facilitates the cutting process and reduces crop losses.

 When the actual height deviates from the set height, for example, when it decreases under one of the probe-window lifters 7, the following occurs: this probe-window lifter 7 rises to the bottom 1 of the header 2, and due to its rigid fastening on the shaft 5, rotates it and, therefore, the pendulum 11 approaches the lift sensor 13. At this time, the second of the pair of stylus lifters 7 breaks on the hinge 28 and its bow 29 continues to pick up the bread mass, excluding the unloading of the latter due to the rigid connection of the base 26 of the stylus lifter 7 with a shaft 5. To return the nose of the probe-stem lifter 7 is the return spring 30, and to limit the maximum deviation of the nose - the restriction cable 31. The protrusion 32, when the probe-stem lifter sags, rests on the bottom 1 and thereby limits the deflection of the probe -Stem lifter. Next, the electrical signal from the lift sensor 13 via electric wires enters the logic device 15. In turn, since the electrical signal is received from only one lift sensor, the logic device sends an electrical signal to the electrodistributor 16. The oil from the power source is sent to the hydraulic cylinders 18, the right edge rises reapers and lowering the left.

 The harvesting part works in a similar way when an obstacle (elevation) falls under the left stylus lifters 8.

 In the case when the hill falls under the left 8 and right 7 stylus lifter probes, two signals from the left and right lift sensors 13 are received in the logic device 15 and then the logic device sends an electrical signal to the electrodistributor 17, the oil is sent to the hydraulic cylinders 21. The harvesting part rises to alignment of the set and actual cutting heights.

 In the case of an increase in the actual height under one of the pair of probe-window lifters, for example, under the right one, the following happens: this probe-window lifter 7 breaks on a hinge 26 and, together with neighboring window lifters 6, performs a selection of bread mass. The lowering of the right side of the header does not occur, due to the retention of the pendulum 11 in the middle position by the second of the pair of stylus lifters 7. This eliminates clogging of the cutting apparatus by the ground. The right edge of the header will lower only if both of the pair of stylus lifter probes 7 fall into the depression of the field topography, then the pendulum 11 approaches the lowering sensor 14. The electric signal enters the logic device 15: then to the electrodistributor 16. The oil flows through hydraulic lines to hydraulic cylinders 18. In this case, the stem of the right hydraulic cylinder 18 extends, and the left - retracts.

 When you hit the left pair of stylus 8 lifts in the troughs works in a similar way. The lowering of the whole reaping part will occur if both pairs of probe-stem lifters 7 and 8 turn out to be sagging and, therefore, it closes the electric circuit to the electrodistributor 17. The oil from the power source will enter the hydraulic cylinders 21. The reaping part will lower down to equalize the actual and the set cutting heights.

Claims (4)

 1. The header of the combine harvester, comprising a housing with working bodies, an inclined camera, an automatic copying system, characterized in that between the central beam of the header and the housing of the inclined camera an additional connecting link is installed in the form of traction with spherical hinges-tips, mounted under the header of the header on the shaft a number of stem lifters, four of which are probes of an automatic copy system.  2. The header according to claim 1, characterized in that the probes-stem lifters are made in the form of a hinged double link, consisting of a bow and a base with a rigid fastening of the latter on the shaft under the bottom of the header.  3. Reaper according to claim 1, characterized in that a logical device is introduced into the design of the automatic copying system.  4. The header according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse copy actuating cylinders mounted on the housing of the inclined chamber are kinematically connected to the brackets on the header housing and are oppositely connected to the hydraulic system.

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