RU2117745C1 - Electronic key and lock - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: locking devices. SUBSTANCE: this relates to devices intended for protection of objects from unauthorized access. Electronic lock can be installed in door of protected premise, in safe, motor vehicle. Electronic key stores certain number of different codes needed for opening of similar-type locks with various codes of user. Device functions so that change of lock code is effected by pressing code changing button with actuation of digital noise generator. In this case, code remains inaccessible for user or other person. Lock opens after its code coincides with code received from key from some distance by means of infrared radiation or by other means. Codes can be copied by user from identification unit of lock to identification unit of key and vice versa by operating with connector or system of optical radiators and receivers. In given version of usage, codes can be copied from identification unit of one key to identification unit of other key. Aforesaid advantages can afford wide potentialities, such as transmission of code to authorized person with subsequent cancelling of this code, or giving same code to different locks. EFFECT: high efficiency. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to techniques for protecting objects from unauthorized access, in particular, to electronic locks and can be used for protection systems for residential and office buildings, safes, cars.

 Currently, the use of electronic locks is increasingly observed, due to their miniaturization, versatility, and a significantly higher degree of secrecy, compared to mechanical locks. There is a steady tendency to use infrared modulation to transmit the code from key to lock - this is more reliable compared to electrical contacts.

 The most interesting development in this technical field is presented in (1).

 It offers an electronic lock and key, which is suitable for several locks of the same type with different codes. Such a key contains a power source, a clock pulse generator (GTI), a random access memory (RAM) counter, into which the codes of various user locks, a shift register, a waiting multivibrator and an emitter operating in the infrared range are manually entered from the keyboard. All key codes are transmitted sequentially to the lock. If one of the key codes matches the lock code, the latter opens.

 The lock code is stored in read-only memory. The lock also contains an infrared receiver, a receiver, an RS trigger, a GTI, a shift register, three counters, two digital comparators, and a logic circuit that processes the results of code comparison. The lock is launched with the arrival of the first pulse from the key, that is, the lock operates in asynchronous reception mode. The user of such locks is spared the need to carry a large number of keys.

 The disadvantages of this solution are: the consecutive issuance by the key of all codes, which increases the likelihood of an unauthorized person entering the protected room and unnecessarily consumes the charge of the key's battery, the visual accessibility of the contents of the RAM of the key, which also reduces the degree of security of the lock, the inability to change the lock code, which leads to certain difficulties in the manufacture of the lock associated with programming its permanent storage device, and in use when the declassified code becomes the cause replacing all or part of the castle.

 The aim of the proposal is to increase the secrecy, manufacturability and ease of use of the electronic lock.

 In the case of the proposal, the following positive results can be achieved: increased secrecy associated with the issuance of a key from a certain set of codes only one that is necessary to open a particular lock, as well as with the visual inaccessibility of information stored in RAM, both for the user and for an unauthorized person; - the ability to quickly change the lock code using a digital noise generator and write this code to the RAM of the key, which allows the user to transfer the lock code to an authorized person with the subsequent, if necessary, quick cancellation of this code, the ability to quickly change the lock code by writing any of the key codes in the RAM of the lock, which allows, for example, to assign different locks the same code, suitability for mass production, which is associated with the absolute identity of both locks between themselves and the keys.

 The above mentioned positive aspects of the proposed solution are achieved by using a counter in the key and lock with less than the prototype bit capacity corresponding to the size of only one code in RAM, and selecting the desired code from the RAM using the keyboard, which is not directly involved in programming codes, using in the key logical element And, using RAM in the key and lock with a single-bit information output, which allows you to get rid of the shift register both in the key and in the lock, using a connector or optical system their emitters and receivers for writing the code from key to lock and from lock to key, using RAM or a programmable read-only memory in the lock, for example, based on amorphous semiconductors or an MNOS structure, using a digital noise generator to change the lock code, using the standby multivibrator that locks the lock after receiving any code for a while, using the mode switch, code change button, switch, RS - trigger, D - trigger, decoder, logic elements 2 OR - NOT and 2I - Not forming circuit control and recording signals to achieve flexibility in allowing exchange of codes between the locks and keys.

 The keypad key can be made in the form of a matrix of electrical contacts, and with a large number of stored codes - in the form of a system of three buttons, a counter, a decoder, an indicator, and the lock number will be selected by running the numbers on the indicator using the "More" and " Less ", and start by a separate button. The keyboard may be made in any other way.

Special applications:
- the structure of the proposed key allows you to record the code or codes from the key to the key, provided that the key connector will have an additional contact for external start;
- the miniature key and the presence of a power source allow you to supplement the key with service devices, such as watches;
- a high degree of secrecy of the proposed lock allows you to use it to protect banks or safes, for example, in the case when one door is protected by several locks offered, the codes of which are located by different persons, and opens only after the lock of their codes is transmitted simultaneously, the proposed locks can also to be convenient in hotels with a frequent change of residents, in rest houses, where the holder of the key with the necessary code can visit the skating rink or rent a boat, skis and other equipment for a while.

 In FIG. 1 is an electrical schematic diagram of a key.

 In FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic diagram of a lock.

 The key contains: GTI 1, counter 2, logic element And 3, keyboard 4, RAM 5, output amplifier 6, emitter 7, connector or a system of optical emitters and receivers 8, then simply connector 8.

 The lock contains: GTI 9, digital noise generator 10, optical receiver 11, receiver 12, decoder 13, counter 14, logic element 2 AND - NOT 15, waiting for multivibrator 16, RS-trigger 17, logic element 2 OR - NOT 18, RS-flip-flop 19, RAM 20, D-flip-flop 21, reset driver 22, comparison device 23, switch 24, logic circuit 25, control and recording signal generation circuit 26, connector 27, actuator 28, mode switch 29, button code change 30.

 Operating modes: "Standby", "Normal operation", "Change lock code", "Write code to RAM key", "Write code to RAM lock".

 The device operates as follows. The key codes are stored in RAM 5. The desired code is selected by the keyboard 4 connected to the upper bits of the address bus of RAM 5, in addition, the keyboard 4 starts the key circuit, for example, by removing the reset signal from counter 2, as shown in FIG. 1. The rectangular pulses of the GTI 1 are fed to the counting input of the counter 2 and to the logic element And 3.

 After the keyboard 4 is triggered, the region in RAM 5 with the desired code is selected and the counter 2 starts, which counts the pulses of the GTI 1. The older, except for the last, bits of the counter 2 are connected to the lower addresses of RAM 5, the output of which appears a serial binary code input the logical element And 3, the other inputs of which are connected to the lower bits of the counter 2. The logical element And 3 forms a short pulse, opening the output amplifier 6, provided that the current bit of the code issued by RAM 5 is equal to logical e dynice. The logical element And 3 in this case serves as a combinational logic circuit that responds to a specific code. The signal from it is amplified by the output amplifier 6 and fed to the emitter 7. Thus, after pressing one of the keys on the keyboard 4, the emitter 7 transfers one of the key codes stored in RAM 5 to the surrounding space, and the first bit of any of the codes should always be equal to a logical unit and be launching for the castle.

 The operation cycle of the key circuit ends when a logical unit appears at the output of the high order of the counter 2 connected to the enable input of the counter 2 counter.

 To implement the operating modes "Write code in the RAM of the key" and "Write code in the RAM of the lock", connector 8 is provided, to which information inputs and an output and a write enable input of RAM 5 are connected, as well as a low-order output of the counter 2, which launches the electronic circuit of the lock in these modes. The exchange of codes in these modes is carried out sequentially bit by bit in an asynchronous manner, with the "Start" signal being generated by the key, and recording permission signals by the lock.

 In the "Standby" mode, the lock is waiting for the arrival of either a code message by the receiver 12, or a "start" signal through connector 27, or a signal from the code change button 30.

 This mode is characterized by the fact that the GTI pulses 9 are supplied to the counter 14, to which the zeroing signal from the logic element 2 is constantly OR OR NOT 18, the RS-flip-flops 17 and 19 are in the state of logical zero, the D-flip-flop 21 is in the state of a logical unit , in RAM 20, a zero cell is selected, the digital noise generator 10 is connected to the GTI and generates a pseudo-random digital sequence at the output.

 The "Normal operation" mode does not depend on the position of the mode switch 29 and occurs as follows. The code message from the key is received by the optical radiation receiver 11 and processed by the receiver 12 to digital levels. The first pulse of the code from the receiver 12 switches the RS-flip-flop 17 and the RS-flip-flop 19. The output of the RS-flip-flop 17 gives permission to the logic circuit 25 to analyze the results of the comparison of codes, and also through the logic element 2 OR - NOT 18 removes the zeroing signal from the counter 14, which starts counting pulses GTI 9.

 The lower bits of the counter 14 and the output of the GTI 9 are connected to the decoder 13, which is involved in the formation of control and recording signals. The senior, except the last, bits of the counter 14 are connected to the address inputs of RAM 20, organizing access to the entire address space, in which there is only one code.

 As the pulses are counted by the counter 14, a code appears at the output of the RAM 20, which is compared on the comparison device 23 with the received code coming from the RS flip-flop 19. The RS-flip-flop 19 serves to increase the duration of the pulses transmitted by the key. Before the arrival of the next pulse from the receiver 12, the RS-trigger 19 is reset by the decoder 13, and if this pulse turned out to be zero, the RS-trigger 19 remains in a state of logical zero.

 The logical unit at the output of the high-order bit of the counter 14 signals the end of the code comparison process and causes the counter 14 to stop, the waiting multivibrator 16 starts, and enters the logic circuit 25, giving a signal about the actuation of the actuator 28 if the codes received and stored in the RAM 20 match. The logic circuit 25 evaluates the information from the comparison device 23 so that if at least one bit of the received code does not match the executive device does not work.

 The signal from the standby multivibrator 16 is fed to the reset signal shaper 22, which puts the lock circuit in the "Standby" mode. The waiting multivibrator 16 forms a forced pause in the lock operation after the adoption of any code, which makes it difficult for an outsider to select the lock code.

 The "Change lock code" mode is implemented after pressing the code change button 30, provided that the mode switch 29 is in the "Write code in the RAM RAM" position. The code change button 30 acts on the control and recording signal generation circuit 26, which sets the D-flip-flop 21 to the state of logical zero, and through the logic element 2 OR - NOT 18 it removes the zeroing signal from counter 14, and GTI 9, counter 14, decoder 13 and RAM 20 begin to work as in "Normal operation", only RAM 20 is not in read mode, but in write mode. The recording pulses are issued by the control and recording signal generation circuit 26 together with the decoder 13 and fed to the RAM enable recording input 20. A pseudo-random code from the digital noise generator 10 through the logic element 2 AND - NOT 15 and then through the switch 24 the non-informational input of the RAM 20 is supplied.

 D-trigger 21 and logic element 2I - NOT 15 are designed to write a logical unit to the zero cell of RAM 20 regardless of the signal from the digital noise generator 10. This is achieved by the fact that D-trigger 21 is set to the state of the logical unit by the signal from the output of counter 14, connected to the lowest address of the RAM 20, so when the RAM address 20 D is zero, trigger 21 gives a logical zero to logic element 2I - NOT 15, which gives a logical unit to switch 21 and therefore to the information input of RAM 20. Under all other conditions, the address logic bus 2I - DOES NOT perform the role of an inverter, which does not affect the performance of the digital noise generator 10 of its functions.

 After recording all the code in RAM 20, the standby multivibrator 16 and the reset driver 22 switch the lock circuit to "Standby" mode.

 The "Change lock code" mode must be called up by the user at least after connecting the electric power to the lock, guaranteeing that the logical unit intended for synchronization is written to the zero cell of RAM 20, and only after that should the "Write code in the RAM of the key" mode be performed.

 The "Write code in RAM key" mode is provided provided that the mode switch 29 is in the "Write code in RAM key" position and the connector 27 of the lock is docked with the counterpart - connector 8 of the key. After these conditions are met, a key is selected on the keyboard 4, under the number of which the user wants to store the lock code in the RAM of the key. After pressing the key, the key starts to work, while the launch of the electronic circuit of the lock will be carried out not through the receiver 12, but through the "Start" contact of the connector 27.

 The “Start” signal, perceived by the control and recording signal generation circuit 26, starts the counter 14, and the lock circuit operates as in the “Normal operation” mode, except that the RAM output 20 is connected through the “Lock data” contact of the connectors 27 and 8 to the information input of the RAM 5 of the key, and the control and recording signal generation circuit 26 generates recording pulses transmitted through the "Write pulses" contact of the connectors 27 and 8 to the RAM recording enable input 5. After the code is transmitted, the reset signal generator 22 sets the lock circuit to the "Standby" mode "

 The mode "Write code to the RAM of the lock" is provided that the mode switch 29 is in the position "Write code to the RAM of the lock" and the connector 27 of the lock is docked with the counterpart - connector 8 of the key. In this mode, the lock and key operate as in the "Write code in the RAM of the key" mode, except that the write pulses from the control signal and recording signal generation circuit 26 are received not in RAM 5, but in RAM 20, and the code from the RAM 5 of the key through the contact "key data" of sockets 8 and 27, through the switch 24 they enter the lock RAM 20, while the switch 24 switches under the influence of the control and recording signal generation circuit 26 and transmits a code coming from the key data contact of the connector to the RAM information input 20 27. After receiving the code, the lock scheme is translated reset signal 22 cm in "Standby" mode.

 The control signal and recording signal generation circuit 26, analyzing the state of the mode switch 29, code change button 30, connector 27, and decoder 13, performs the simplest logical functions and can be made from different elements of hard logic, therefore its internal structure is not given in this description. Also, the description does not provide the internal structure of the logic circuit 25, since it deals with the simplest analysis of the results of code comparison, while the signal from the output of the RS flip-flop 17 is the destruction of the comparison, the signal from the output of the high-order bit of the counter 14 is the end of the comparison, with the signal from the decoder 13 - gating.

 The digital noise generator 10 can be performed, for example, on the basis of a shift register included in the ring using hard logic.

 The universality of the proposed electronic key circuit allows the operation "Write code from RAM key to RAM key", so that one key will be the transmitter of the code, and the other will be the receiver. For this it is necessary: to send data from one key to another; disconnect the signal of counter 2 of the receiver key from the keypad 4 and connect it to the "Start" pin of the socket 8 of the transmitter key or use logic element 2 OR - NOT like 2 OR - Not 15 in the lock circuit; generate a Start signal in the transmitter key using an additional trigger, which is set to the state of a logical unit with the start of transmission and is reset by the signal from the output of the high order of counter 2; generate recording signals in the transmitter key with some combination logic connected like a decoder 13 in the lock circuit, and apply these signals to connector 8 and then to the write enable input of RAM 5 of the receiver key. After these conditions are met, the operation "Writing a code from the RAM of the key to the RAM of the key" for the user will look as follows: the key connectors are joined; on the receiver key, the desired key is pressed and held until the end of the operation; a key is pressed on the transmitter key, under which the code intended for transmission is stored, "the key connectors are undocked.

Claims (2)

 1. An electronic key containing a clock generator connected to the counter input of the counter, a random access memory device whose address inputs are connected to the counter outputs, a keyboard connected to the random access memory device, an emitter, characterized in that a connector or an optical emitter system is inserted into it and receivers, logical element And, connected to the outputs of the clock generator, the least significant bits of the counter and a single-bit output of random access memory, with inputs the output is connected through the output amplifier to the emitter, the keyboard is connected to the counter zeroing input, the last counter output is connected to the counter resolution enable input, and the “Start” connector of the connector or system of optical emitters and receivers is connected to the low-order output of the counter, the lock data contact is to the information input of random access memory, the contact "Key data" - to the information output of random access memory, the contact "Pulses of recording" - to the input of recording permission vnogo memory.  2. An electronic lock containing an optical radiation receiver connected to a receiver connected to the S-input of the RS flip-flop, a clock generator connected to the counting input of the counter, a comparison device connected to an output circuit connected to an actuator, characterized in by the fact that a digital noise generator, a decoder, logic elements 2 OR - NOT, 2I - NOT, a waiting multivibrator, a reset signal conditioner, a switch, random access memory, a second RS- are introduced into the lock a flip-flop, a D-flip-flop, a control and recording signal generation circuit, an operating mode switch, a code change button and a connector or a system of optical emitters and receivers, while the S-inputs of the first and second RS-flip-flops are combined, and the R-input of the second RS-flip-flop connected to the output of the decoder, the inputs connected to the clock generator and the lower bits of the outputs of the counter, the output of the clock generator connected to the digital noise generator, the output connected to the first input of the logic element 2I - NOT, the second input is It is connected to the output of the D-flip-flop, and the output is connected to the first input of the switch, the outputs of the highest, except the last, bits of the counter are connected to the address inputs of the random access memory, the first input of which is connected to the S-input of the D-flip-flop, the C-input of which is connected to the first input of the OR gate 2 is NOT and the first output of the control and recording signal generation circuit, the output of the 2 OR gate is NOT connected to the counter zeroing input, the counter enable input of which is connected to the high-order output, the input waiting for mu Vibrator and the first input of the logic circuit, the output of the standby multivibrator is connected through the driver of the reset signal to the second inputs of the logic circuit and the circuit for generating control and recording signals and to the R-input of the first RS-trigger connected to the third input of the logic circuit and the second input of logic element 2 OR - NOT, while the second output of the decoder is connected to the fourth input of the logic circuit, and the third output is connected to the third input of the control and recording signal generation circuit, the fourth and fifth inputs of which are connected They are connected to the mode switch and code change button, the second output is connected to the second input of the switch, the third output is to the write enable input of the random access memory, the fourth output is to the "Pulses of recording" pin of the connector or system of optical emitters and receivers, the first input is to contact "Start" of the connector or system of optical emitters and receivers, the contact of which "Key data" is connected to the third input of the switch, the output connected to the D-input of random access memory, the output is connected of the first input terminal and a comparing device "data lock" connector or system of optical emitters and receivers, said second comparator input is connected to the output of the second RS-trigger.

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