RU2116843C1 - Combined gas cleaner - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cleaning of gases (air) from different impurities, for instance, from dust, oil, heavy metals, etc. SUBSTANCE: cleaner has cylindrical-conical body whose conical part is made in the form of changeable nozzle whose height H= (1.5-2.0)Dk, and diameter of discharge opening of nozzle d=(0.6-0.8)Dk, for cleaning gases from heavy metals; d=(0.4-0.6)Dk, for cleaning from dust; d=(0.2-0.3)Dk, for cleaning from water and oil. Diameter of exhaust pipe is D=(0.3-0.6)Dk, while inlet area of tangential branch pipe is F=(0.2-0.4) of the area of diametrical cross-section of body cylindrical part. Dk is diameter of cleaner body. Cleaner may be provided with removable receiving chamber made in the form of sleeve opened from below and accommodating vertical screen covering tangential inlet. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of gas purification and can be used, for example, for air purification of vehicle compressors, in the metallurgical and chemical industries, for cleaning industrial buildings and workshops, as well as for air purification in pneumatic systems.

 The predominant use of the invention is in air purifiers of vehicle compressors.

 Depending on the operating conditions of the air purifiers and the field of their application, wide requirements are imposed on them for hydraulic resistance, cleaning efficiency and operational reliability for varying degrees of dustiness or contamination of the gas stream.

 Depending on the physicochemical composition of the gas stream, there are various methods and designs of apparatus for cleaning a contaminated gas stream. Known cleaners for cleaning air from dust and other materials. Such cleaners usually consist of a casing in the form of a pipe, a swirling device at the inlet in the form of blades or a tangential branch pipe, an exhaust pipe and a pollutant discharge (see St. St. N 1819679, CL B 04 C 5/30, 1991; ed. St. .N 443686, CL B 04 C 5/14, 1975; US patent N 3707830, CL 55-410, 1973; application N 2080706, Great Britain, CL B 04 C, 1982).

 The above purifiers do not have high reliability in a wide range of their application for cleaning gases from mechanical impurities of various physicochemical composition and require special means for suction of the separated pollutant particles.

 Also known is a cyclone for collecting suspended particles, comprising a cylindrical housing with a tangential inlet pipe, a dust collection bin and a cone-reflector with a nozzle installed at the bottom of the cyclone at the outlet, the outlet of which is aligned with the cone hole, a compressed air pipeline connected to the nozzle for the periodic supply of a pulse of compressed air in order to clean the passage sections of the cyclone from sticking dust particles (see St. St. N 889112, class B 04 C 5/18, 1981).

 Cyclone according to autoswitch N 889112, although it has high reliability of work with high concentration pollutants, but has a complicated design in the form of a compressed air path for periodic cleaning of the cyclone flow part from dust buildup. In addition, the disadvantage of such a cyclone must be attributed to the fact that the source of compressed air is not always available for the implementation of the task.

 Cyclone on autosw. N 889112 is the closest analogue of the invention.

 The aim of the invention is to create the design of a combined gas purifier for cleaning the gas stream from dust, water, oil, metal suspensions, etc. with a different level of concentration of the pollutant, for which it is proposed that the cleaner be equipped with a set of interchangeable nozzles.

 The efficiency and hydraulic resistance of the cleaner are significantly affected by the geometric relationships of structural elements and their geometric shape. The reliability of the purifier is largely determined by its intake chamber, which provides gas intake with a lower concentration of the pollutant in relation to the environment and protects the entrance to the purifier from moisture and clogging with large objects.

As you know, the decisive influence on the separation efficiency is exerted by the gas flow rate in the purifier (cyclone), which depends on the air flow through the cyclone, the diameter of the cyclone body (D _to ), its diametrical section (F _to ), the area of the entrance to the tangential nozzle (F _in ), the diameter of the exhaust pipe (D _Tr ), the height of the exhaust pipe (nozzle) (H _us ), the diameter of the outlet nozzle (d).

Reliability of the purifier depends mainly on the design of the receiving chamber, the ratio of the entry area into the receiving chamber (F _{s) of} and the cross section of a cleaner housing (F _k), the setting of the grille at the inlet of the cyclone and acquisition of its interchangeable nozzles to work with the pollutants of various physico -chemical composition.

 Depending on the maximum permissible hydraulic resistance of the purifier and the flow rate of the gas to be cleaned, the diameter of the purifier body is selected, and all its claimed parameters are a derivative of the diameter (diametrical section) of the body.

The geometric dimensions of the interchangeable nozzle, in turn, depend on the diameter of the cleaner body and the physicochemical composition of the contaminant. In this case, H _us = 1.5 - 2.0 D _k ; d / D _k = 0.6 - 0.8 for the purification of gases from heavy metals; d / D _k = 0.4 - 0.6 for dust removal; d / D _k = 0.2 - 0.3 for purification from water and oil; D _Tr / D _K = 0.3 - 0.6; _Rin F / F _k = 0.2 - 0.4; F _cam / F _k = 1.5 - 2.0.

 In FIG. 1 shows the design of a gas purifier. The cross section of the housing is presented in figure 2.

 The combined gas purifier consists of a removable receiving chamber 1, a vertical protective net 2, a tangential inlet pipe 3, a cleaner body 4, an exhaust pipe 5, a replaceable nozzle 6 and a storage (hopper) 7.

We will consider the operation of a combined gas purifier by the example of its use as a dusty air purifier for protection against abrasive wear of the cylinder-piston group of a vehicle compressor. When the cleaner is working in dusty air, we install 4 replaceable nozzles 6 on the cleaner body with a ratio of the nozzle diameter to the diameter of the cleaner body d / D _k = 0.4 - 0.6 and connect it to the drive 7.

Due to the vacuum created by the compressor, dust-laden air stream through the orifice of the chamber 1 (F _{s) of} flows to the vertical grid 2 and further in tangential inlet 3. Under the action of centrifugal force the particles from the flow of dust-laden air is discarded to the wall of the housing 4 and further through the nozzles 6 go to drive 7. The air stream cleaned in the cyclone through the exhaust pipe 5, and then through the pipeline enters the compressor. For the purifier to work when separating heavy metals from a gas stream, we install nozzles 6 with a ratio of diameters d / D _k = 0.6 - 0.8, a receiving chamber 1 with a grid 2 is not installed. A receiving channel is connected to the inlet pipe 3, and through the channel or from the environment due to the rarefaction created, for example, by a fan, the gas and metal suspension flow to the cleaner, where it is separated, and the metal suspension particles through nozzles 6 enter the accumulator 7. By as the drive fills up, it is unloaded and, if necessary, disposed of separation products.

 When using the cleaner for work only for narrow purposes, for example, only for cleaning from dust, the housing and nozzles are allowed to be made non-separable.

 The proposed design of the purifier, depending on the air flow and allowable hydraulic resistance, can be used both individually and when combined into a battery.

Claims (4)

1. The combined gas purifier containing a cylindrical-conical body, a tangential inlet and axial exhaust pipe and a dust collector, characterized in that the conical part of the body is made in the form of a replaceable nozzle with the following size ratios:
H _us = 1.5 - 2.0 D _k ;
d / D _k = 0.6 - 0.8 - for cleaning gases from heavy metals;
d / D _k = 0.4 - 0.6 - for dust removal;
d / D _k = 0.2 - 0.3 - for cleaning from water and oil;
D _Tr / D _K = 0.3 - 0.6; F _I / F _to = 0.2 - 0.4,
where H _us is the height of the nozzle;
D _to - the diameter of the cleaner;
d is the diameter of the outlet nozzle;
D _Tr - the diameter of the exhaust pipe;
F _I - the input area of the tangential pipe;
F _to - the area of the diametrical section of the cylindrical part of the housing.  2. The cleaner according to claim 1, characterized in that for cleaning the gas from dust, water and oil, it is equipped with a removable receiving chamber made in the form of a glass open from below, inside which a vertical grid is placed covering the tangential inlet. 3. The cleaner according to claim 2, characterized in that the area of the entrance to the receiving chamber F _kam refers to the area of the diametrical section of the body F _kam / F _k = 1.5 - 2.0.  4. The cleaner according to paragraphs. 1 to 3, characterized in that the conical nozzle is made in conjunction with the housing.

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