RU2116022C1 - Cereal crop bale pickup - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, equipment for picking up bales of dried stalk mass of cereal crops. SUBSTANCE: bale pickup has front and rear shafts, conveyor endless belt of picking mechanism stretched over front and rear shafts and consisting of group of parallel belts with springy picking fingers attached to belt surfaces. Shafts and conveyor belts are laterally limited by sides provided with conveyor belt tightening adjustment units. Each side rests on shoe or wind vane wheel adapted to follow field relief. Distance between axes of front and rear shafts is within the range of 370-450 mm and angle between center line and horizontal plane is within the range of 20-24 deg. EFFECT: increased efficiency, reduced specific material usage for manufacture of pickup per meter of working width and enhanced reliability in operation. 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to pick-ups of the transport-bed type, specially designed for the selection of rolls of dried stalk mass of cereals - ears, cereals, legumes, rice, seed plants, sugar beets, which can be used in combination with combine harvesters, as well as stackers and roll formers.

 Known mounted pick-up rolls of grain crops belt transport type PPT-3, produced in 1965 - 1977. The Millerovsky Plant of the Glavkombeinprom of the USSR, including the front and rear shafts, the endless conveyor belt of the pick-up mechanism stretched over them in the form of two parallel tapes, on the surface of which double spring pick-up fingers are fixed in longitudinal and transverse rows, the shafts and the canvas are limited on the sides by barrels having tension adjustment units conveyor belts, in front each side rests on a shoe or a weather vane, copying the relief of the field, and on the back together with the ends of the rear shaft rests on two matte, with which the pick-up is attached to the front of the combine header platform, equipped with a receiving screw with eccentric fingers in its middle part (see PPT-3 belt-conveyor pick-up. Device. Assembly. Application. Care. North-Caucasian CBTI Rostov-on-Don 1966 - analogue).

 This picker had many significant flaws. Firstly, a large specific material consumption per meter of working width: with a mass of 166 kg and a working width of 3 m, the specific material is 55.3 kg / mm. Secondly, with a small diameter of the front pick-up shaft - 83 mm, a relatively large distance between the axes of the shafts is approximately 515 mm, and as a result, an overestimated distance between its nine transverse rows of pick-up fingers in the direction of movement of the half-sheets of the pick-up conveyor is 145 mm, s the ratio of this distance - the step of the fingers along the canvas - to the diameter of the front - picking shaft was too high, equal to 1.75. Such a large ratio cannot provide even the minimally satisfactory quality of selection of the stalk mass of the roll even with a one and a half excess of the speed of the conveyor belt over the translational speed of the combine harvester, and this constrained the performance of the combine harvester, the harvesting speed, increased grain losses and costs.

 Known and closest to the proposed picker rolls of grain crops, the so-called improved design, PPT-3A, produced since 1977 and to date, the plant "Millerovo-Selmash." This pick-up also includes two shafts, front and rear, on which the conveyor belt of the pick-up mechanism is stretched in the form of six parallel tapes with a thickness of 3.5 mm, a width of 450 mm, on the surfaces of which are double spring pick-up fingers longitudinally (along the web on the shafts ) and transverse parallel rows. The shafts and the conveyor belt are limited on each side by barrels on which two knots for adjusting the tension of the conveyor belt are mounted. In front, each caster rests on a shoe or a vane wheel, copying the field topography independently of one another and from the combine header, and behind together with the ends of the rear shaft it relies on two brackets that attach the pick-up to the front of the combine header platform, equipped with a receiving screw with eccentric fingers in its middle part. In addition, the pick-up includes two balancing spring devices, a mass puller, a normalizer grill, a drive of the pick-up conveyor mechanism, two locking devices for the transport position (See Prospect of the Exhibition of Economic Achievements of the USSR, approved for printing on January 5, 1977 by order No. 3136 - prototype).

 Unfortunately, this picker also has a number of significant drawbacks. Its weight reached a value of 250 kg, which is unbearable for one combine, and the specific material consumption per meter of capture is 83.3 kg, i.e. these parameters have deteriorated (increased) in comparison with the analogue by more than 1.5 times. The distance between the axes of the shafts was also not reduced, which was required to be done, but increased from 515 mm to 618 mm, as a result of which a thick-walled steel pipe with a diameter of 66 mm and a length of 3 m was connected between the shafts of the conveyor and the inside of the web, connected to the couplings of the barrels specifically to eliminate the deep sagging of the middle - upper part of the conveyor belt, loaded with twin spring fingers, individually mounted on it using steel bases, and, in addition, also with the stem mass in LCA. However, the main disadvantage when increasing the distance between the axes of the shafts from 515 mm in the analog to 618 mm in the prototype is that despite the increase in the number of transverse rows of pick-up fingers from 9 to 10, and the diameter of the front shaft from 83 to 100 mm, it did not reduce the distance between the rows of fingers along the conveyor belt, and increased from 145 mm to 155 mm, and the ratio of the finger pitch to the diameter of the front - picking shaft, which characterizes the picking ability of the picker and affecting the translational working speed of the combine unit, on it performance, everything remains as unduly inflated, to be 1.55 (a little better than the counterpart 1.75), m. e. constraining quality and speed of cleaning (assembly performance) increases costs.

 The purpose of the invention is to reduce the specific material consumption of the pick-up per meter of working width, to improve its picking characteristics and to increase the productivity of the whole combine harvester with pick-up.

The goal, aimed at solving the most acute national economic problem of Russia, is to increase gross grain harvests at the lowest cost per unit of production, achieved by reducing the distance between the axles of the front and rear shafts of the picker from 618 mm to the limit of 370 - 450 mm, with an increase in the angle between the center and the horizontal straight line emanating from the center (axis) of the front (Pick) of the shaft 16 to the limit of 20 ^o - 24 ^o with corresponding decreases - the length of the transport web (ribbons) and fingers forward facing step olotna to the limits of 1.00 - 1.15 diameters of the front - the pick shaft within a tolerance limit of the increase to 1,155.

 In FIG. 1 schematically depicts a crop pick-up roll picker, mounted on a combine header, side view; in FIG. 2 is a diagram of a sweep of a conveyor belt web of a pick-up pick-up mechanism of FIG. 1, top view; in FIG. 3 is a flowchart of the operation of the pickup; in FIG. 4 - characteristic of the picking ability (quality of work) of the pickup device with a step of fingers along the web from the limit of 1.00 - 1.15 of the diameter of the front - pick shaft; in FIG. 5 - characteristic of the picking ability of the pick-up prototype PPT-3A with a step of fingers along the web equal to 1.55 of the diameter of the front-picking shaft.

The pick-up of grain rolls of the CWPCC (Fig. 1, 2) includes the following structural elements related to this application: front shaft 1 with its axial line OL; rear shaft 2 with its axial line 03; a multilayer rubberized conveyor belt, consisting of several, for example, of six belts 3, operating in parallel but independently from each other, with parallel rows fixed on their surfaces along the belts, with a step equal to t _px , double spring fingers 4, directed its ends against the movement of the canvas (U _p ; two barrels 5 with wind shields; two devices 6 for tensioning the conveyor belt; two relief-copying shoe or vane wheels 7, two mounting brackets 8 for mounting under borschka on the header of the combine 9, with a receiving and conveying screw 10 with eccentrically extending fingers, etc.

The picker works as follows (Figs. 1, 3 and 4). The shafts 1 and 2, having received a clockwise rotation from the drive of the reel of the header 9, drive the blade 3 with picking fingers 4. When the front shaft 1 approaches the roll, the fingers 4, inclined against the blade and located on its lower branch approximately horizontally, turning around the shaft 180 ^o , take a position that, starting from almost vertical A3, B3, allows them to actively comb the stubble and raise the dry stem mass of the roll even from the soil to the upper branch of the web 3. Moreover, through the gap is less than the diameter shaft shaft (web speed is at least 10% higher than the translational speed of the unit) the stubble begins to comb the next row of fingers A4, B4, followed by A5, B5, etc. with very small non-selection zones equal to C4, B3, B4; C5, B4, B5, etc. As soon as the stalks of the roll are raised on the canvas 3, the fingers 4 of the pickup again take a horizontal position, but already on the upper branch of the canvas. And in this position, the fingers do a useful job: level the mass of the roll before it is fed into the thresher of the combine, without breaking the roll into separate portions. Turning 180 ^o around the rear shaft 2, the fingers 4 discard the stalks of the roll onto the header platform 9 under the screw 10, slipping out of the stem mass, and due to its inclination and due to the translational speed of the unit, the fingers go under the rear shaft, taking a horizontal position.

Analyzing the work of the pick-up prototype PPT-3A with a large step of the fingers along the web 1.5 times (Fig. 5), we see that with the same minimum (10%) excess of the speed of the web and the bases of the fingers over the translational speed of the unit ( v _agr ), it gives a discontinuous process of selecting the roll: fingers A3 B3 left the working area, and the fingers of the next transverse row A4 B4 did not close with them. The same thing between fingers A4 B4 and A5 B5, etc. A pick-up with a step of fingers along the web larger than 1.00 - 1.15 of the diameter of the front (pick-up) shaft leads to significant grain losses in the form of an ear and panicles, if the speed of the web and the bases of the fingers minimally exceeds the translational speed of the harvesting unit. Usually, to eliminate grain losses in panicles and ears, a significant excess of the web speed over the translational speed of the unit is practiced. However, in this case, the loss will increase with free (milled with the pickup fingers) grain in the selection zone. If, for example, the speed of the unit is 7.2 km / h, 2 m / s, then for the PPT-3A pick-up to work as a PWCC, it is necessary for the conveyor to give a speed 1.5 times higher, i.e. 3 m / s. In this case, the ends of the fingers when going around the front shaft will have a speed of about 10 m / s, since the distance from the shaft to the end of the finger is more than 2 shaft radii. Naturally, the impacts of the ends of the fingers on the mass of the roll at this speed will grind the grain, lose it. In this case, naturally, the wear of the pick-up will accelerate, and its operational reliability and durability will be reduced. Moreover, a significant excess of the speed of the web over the translational speed of the combine will lead to the rupture of loosely coupled rolls, tossing portions of light stems beyond the pick-up. Combiners are forced to restrain the progressive speed of the unit, productive cleaning, if the thresher is not even loaded.

Conclusion Proposed for patenting a pick-up of rolls of grain crops PVVKCH, having in comparison with the prototype (PPT-3A) a smaller center distance of 1.37 - 1.87 times (618: 370-450 mm); a smaller ratio of the pitch of the picking fingers along the web to the diameter of the front picking shaft is 1.35-1.55 times (1.55: 1.15-1.00); large angles of elevation of the stem mass of the roll by the conveyor prior to discharge to the header 1.25 - 1.5 times (20 ... 24 ^o : 16 ^o ) with a rear axle axis offset of 50 mm towards the front shaft will undoubtedly have a significantly lower mass , lower specific material consumption, and therefore lower cost, and even, for example, with the same number of rows of fingers along the conveyor belt, will allow 1.35 - 1.55 times to improve the quality of the selection of rolls and, accordingly, increase the productivity of the harvesting unit without increasing consumption Fuel, live ore, etc., the costs of the selection and threshing crops rolls.

 In view of the above, there is interest in the picker for industrial and industrial production, and for the grain producer, and for the state, which can sell it abroad Russia, and most importantly - get more of its grain.

Claims (1)

A pick-up of grain crop rolls, including front and rear shafts, an endless conveyor belt of a pick-up mechanism stretched over them in the form of several parallel tapes, on the surface of which individually double spring pick-up fingers are fixed in longitudinal and transverse rows, the shafts and the canvas are bounded on the sides by barrels having adjustment units tension of the conveyor belt, in front of each side is supported by a shoe or vane wheel, copying the field topography independently of one another and from the header of the combine, and at the back, together with the ends of the rear shaft, it is supported by two brackets with which the pick-up is attached to the front of the combine header platform, equipped with a receiving screw with eccentric fingers in its middle part, characterized in that the distance between the axes of its shafts is in the range of 370 - 450 mm , the angle between the center line and the horizontal plane emanating from the axis of the front shaft, within 20 - 24 ^o , the step of the fingers along the movement of the web tapes within 1.00 - 1.15 of the diameter of the front pick shaft, with a tolerance of increasing the limit to 1,155.

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