RU2115475C1 - Method of processing buckwheat grain into cereal - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food production technology. SUBSTANCE: this is used in cereals industry for producing BUCKWHEAT cereal at small-scale enterprises. According to method, BUCKWHEAT grain is cleaned from impurities and subjected to hydrothermal treatment. Then, it is subjected to three cycles of dehulling without sorting into fraction sizes. After that, dehulling products are separated by screening procedure. In process of dehulling, oversize discharge after separation is returned to same zone of dehulling, second oversize discharge is directed to following zone of dehulling. Second oversize discharge of last zone of dehulling is returned to same zone after additional sorting together with second oversize discharge of second zone. Extraction of cereal is effected from undersize discharges in single stage. Prior to that, fine ungrounded BUCKWHEAT is separated by screening procedure. Handling of BUCKWHEAT cereal and waste is kept under control. Separation of husks is effected after separation of dehulling products and also directly after dehulling of BUCKWHEAT grain. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the cereal industry, in particular, is intended for the production of buckwheat in small enterprises.

 A known method of producing buckwheat, including cleaning buckwheat grain from impurities, hydrothermal treatment, preliminary and final sorting into six fractions, peeling each fraction separately on machines with working bodies having hard coatings, sieve separation of peeling products of each fraction according to size difference, aspiration separation cereals and grains, the direction of the latter to re-peeling, control of cereals and waste [1].

 For small-sized gas-processing complexes, such a scheme for the production of cereals cannot be adopted because of the large number of sieving machines, peeling machines, transport mechanisms, etc. Therefore, the disadvantages of this method are its complexity, energy intensity, the need for a significant number of production areas.

 Closer to the proposed method is the production of buckwheat, including the purification of buckwheat grain, its hydrothermal treatment, sequential four-time peeling of unsorted grain size on fractions of machines with working bodies having elastic coatings, sequential four-time separation of peeled grain from unpeeled on sorting cellular tables after preliminary separation of the shells, flour and done, control cereals and waste [2].

 However, this scheme does not solve the problem of the compactness of the peeling unit. The exclusion of the preliminary fractionation operation leads to a sharp increase in the number of paddy machines that are difficult to maintain. In addition, in this method, peeling of the grain is provided to produce on peeling machines with elastic working bodies. Buckwheat - a nut, having a very hard shell, will quickly wear out the coating of the rolls.

 An object of the invention is to simplify the process of processing grain of buckwheat into groats, increasing the reliability and ease of maintenance while maintaining the basic yield of groats and consumer properties of the kernel.

 The problem is achieved in that in the method of processing buckwheat grain into groats, including cleaning the grain mass from impurities, hydrothermal treatment, sequential multiple peeling of unsorted size buckwheat fractions, extracting cereals by sorting the enriched mixture obtained from the lower gatherings after separation, separation was done , flour and husks, control of cereals and waste, the new is that peeling is carried out in three stages, at each of which the top gathering after separation of husk products niya return to the same peeling zone, the second gathering is sent to the next peeling zone, and the second gathering of the last peeling zone is returned to the same zone after additional sorting along with the second gathering of the second zone, and the cereal is extracted in one stage, before which the small kernel screening method.

 The proposed method for producing buckwheat is carried out according to the technological scheme shown in FIG. 1. The peeled and hydrothermally treated buckwheat grain enters the storage hopper 1 and, through the magnetic shield 2, into the first peeling zone 3 — a peeling machine with working bodies having a hard coating (waltzdeck machine or set).

 After the peeling machine 3, the mixture of products is sent to the sifter 4. On a sieve with holes with a diameter of 4.5 mm, large unpeeled grains are obtained immediately, which after winnowing on an aspirator 5 is sent for re-peeling.

 Setting the gap between the working bodies of the peeling machine 3, one should proceed from 40% return of the grain mixture to the machine (descending from a sieve with holes with a diameter of 4.5 mm).

 The accumulated hopper 6 removed from a sieve with openings with a diameter of 3.8 mm (mainly this is not peeled grain) is sent to the storage hopper 6, the amount of which is about 45 - 47% of the mass of all grain entering the first zone. After magnetic protection 8, the grain is fed into the machine 9. When peeling on this machine, the gap between its working bodies is set to the same as on the machine 3, while in the zones peeling of even fine grain occurs due to friction of the grains in the machine’s gap between themselves and the abrasive coating .

 After peeling, the products are separated in sifting 10. The first exit from the sieve with holes with a diameter of 4.2 mm is returned to the peeling machine 6. The second exit (exit from the sieve with holes with a diameter of 3.8 mm), the amount of which after winding up the husks is 20 - 24% from incoming to the first zone of grain, served in the aspirator 11.

 In order to avoid mechanical processing of a large core on a machine 12 with magnetic protection 13, the scheme provides for the operation of intermediate selection of nucleus on a separation machine 14. Separation of a mixture containing 9–10% of unpeeled grains allows achieving a core recovery factor of η = 0.98–0. 99 with a purity of j = 99.4 - 99.6% and a load of Q = 32 - 50 kg / h per channel. The lower gathering of the paddy machine 14 is combined with the lower gatherings of all separators, and the upper gathering enters the storage hopper 15.

 In the third zone, the final peeling of the remaining grain takes place, for which purpose in sieving 16 the first two groups of sieves with the same hole sizes (3.6 mm in diameter) are installed, the gatherings from them are combined, sieved and returned to the peeling machine 12. The size of the gap between the working bodies of the latter the peeling machine is reduced so that it provides a coefficient of peeling of the grain mass equal to 30%.

 Crushed core - passed and the flour is isolated at all stages of peeling by passage through sieves with oblong holes of 1.6 x 20 mm in size and combined. In the future, separation is done and torments are carried out on metal-cloth sieves N 0.85 of the sorting machine 17. The work is screened on an aspirator 18.

 At all three stages of peeling, leaving the sieves with rectangular holes of 1.6 x 20 mm in size and passing through the sieves with holes of 3.8 mm in diameter, the nucleus and a small amount (about 1 - 2%) of fine grain are selected. The last exits from the three systems are combined into one stream, screened in an aspirator 19 and sent to a grain sorting machine 20 for additional selection of the remaining work and separation of the nucleus on a sieve with openings with a diameter of 3.0 mm into two fractions by size. The small core goes immediately to the knockout, and from the large one, peeled grains are isolated from the large one on the paddy machine 21.

 The separation of the mixture with a relatively low content of unshelled grains will inevitably lead to the appearance of a significant amount of core in the upper gathering of the paddy machine 21. Therefore, the scheme provides for the return of the upper exit of this machine to the paddy machine 14.

 In the case of processing small (ordinary) buckwheat grains in the separating equipment, sieves with round holes 1 to 2 numbers less than those indicated in the scheme are installed.

 The proposed method of unfractionated peeling provides the quality of cereals, corresponding to grade I.

 The technological parameters of grain peeling during non-fractional processing do not change compared to those during processing of buckwheat sorted into six fractions.

 For small enterprises provides an even more simplified scheme of unfractionated peeling (Fig. 2). Its difference from the above consists in a different sequence of operations of winding up husks and separating peeling products in sieving. In the proposed method, the husking of husks is carried out immediately after peeling.

 In aspirators, the air flow rate is selected, in which there is an effective winnowing of the entire husk without entrainment of endosperm particles. There is no difference in product yields, except for an insignificant 0.1 - 0.2% reduction in the amount of fodder meal, which can be allowed for an enterprise with low productivity, given the simplification of the technological scheme due to the release of two aspirators 18 and 19, a decrease in the sieving load, and an increase the effectiveness of their work.

 The proposed methods made it possible to improve the scheme of non-fractional peeling of buckwheat grain by reducing the number of paddy machines, replacing peeling machines with elastic working bodies with abrasive coated machines, and overall reducing the number of peeling zones, which greatly simplifies the overall process of producing buckwheat in small enterprises .

Sources of information
1. Melnikov EM Technology of cereal production. M .: Agropromizdat, 1991, p. 110 - 120.

 2. Auth. St. USSR N 543405, class B 02 B 1/00. The method of producing buckwheat. Ya.M. Zhislin, E.N. Grinberg, N.G. Frolov, M.F. Frolova, V.Ya. Kuznetsova. N, 2149265/13. Claim 06/27/75. Publ. 01/25/77. Bull. N 3, 3 s.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of processing buckwheat grain into groats, including cleaning the grain mass from impurities, hydrothermal treatment, successive multiple peeling of unsorted size buckwheat fractions, extracting cereals by sorting the enriched mixture obtained from the lower gatherings after separation, separation, flour and husks control of cereals and waste, characterized in that the peeling is carried out in three stages, at each of which the upper gathering after separation of the peeling products is returned to the same peeling zone, the second gathering is sent to the next peeling zone, and the second gathering of the last peeling zone is returned to the same zone after additional sorting together with the second gathering of the second zone, and the extraction of cereals is carried out in one stage, before which the small kernel is separated by screening.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the husk is separated immediately after peeling of the grain.

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