RU2115286C1 - Corn mowing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, corn harvesting, stalk grinding and ground stalk mass throwing device. SUBSTANCE: corn mowing machine has stalk feeding and cob separating device, cutter with shaft carrying pivotally secured knives. Rotor has shell with flanges for supporting pin carrying shear disks and grooved sleeves arranged in alternation, with space between them being equal to knives spacing. Machine allows high-quality grinding of corn stalks prior to throwing of ground mass over field. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and enhanced reliability in operation. 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for harvesting corn with the collection of ears, chopping and scattering stems in the field for subsequent plowing as organic fertilizer.

 Known maize attachment to the combine harvester (ed. St. USSR N 1769701 class A 01 D 45/02, 1991), containing stalk-raising and picking devices, transporting the organs of cobs and stems, a rotary cutting apparatus, covered by a casing with opposing plates, which is carried out mowing stems, cutting into pieces and scattering across the field.

 The disadvantage of this machine is the low quality of grinding the stems by a drum-type cutting apparatus with respect to the opposing plates mounted on the casing with a clearance from the knives of the cutting drum increasing in the direction of its rotation. In addition, the rigid fastening of the knives on the drum and the opposing plates on the casing leads to their frequent breakdowns when hard objects are caught with beveled stems.

 A device for grinding fibrous materials is known (ed. St. USSR N 1136837 class B 02 C 18/06, 1982), including a rotor with sickle-shaped knives, under which a shaft with circular cutters having triangular teeth is mounted. In this case, the rotor rotation speed is greater than the rotational speed of the disk milling cutters, and the rotor knives go between the milling discs, which improves the efficiency of the grinding of fibrous material. However, this device cannot be used when mowing stems, in addition, the rigid fastening of the knives on the rotor and the shaft of the discs leads to low reliability of the device when solid objects get into it.

 More perfect in terms of reliability is the corn cob with a grinder (application Germany N 3515295, CL A 01 D 45/02, 1986), adopted as a prototype. It contains a stem-raising and picking device, a cutting apparatus with knives covered by a casing, and transporting organs of ears.

 The main disadvantage of this cob picker is the low quality of chopping the stems without splitting them along the fibers, due to the fact that the L-shaped knives of the cutting apparatus are installed with a radial clearance from the opposing plates and do not go between them.

 To eliminate the noted drawbacks in the proposed corn harvesting machine, an axle equipped with a brake device is mounted on the casing of the cutting apparatus, on which rotor discs and grooved bushings are alternately mounted with the pitch of the knives on the rotor, the knives are made flat with a concave working surface and V-shaped grooves forming from the end and sides, cutting edges, while the brake device is made in the form of a friction clutch.

 In FIG. 1 shows a corn harvester, side view; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. one; in FIG. 3 - knife of the cutting apparatus; in FIG. 4 - place B in FIG. 3.

 The corn harvesting machine comprises a stem-raising device 1, an ear-picking device 2, transporting ears of cobs 3 and 4, a cutting device 5, on the shaft of which flat radial knives 6 are articulated. V-grooves 7 are formed on the concave working surfaces of the knives 6, which form the end and on the sides of the cutting edges 8 and 9. On the rotor casing 10, by means of a swivel joint 11 and compression springs 12, flanges 13 are mounted. An axis 14 connected to the flanges by friction clutches 16 freely enters the holes of the flanges, using The torque for the rotation of the axis relative to the flanges is regulated. The rotation of the flanges relative to the hinge 11 under the action of the springs 12 is limited by a flexible rod 16.

 On the axis 14, the opposing discs 17 and the grooved bushings 18 are alternately fixed with a pitch of the knives on the rotor of the cutting apparatus. The lateral clearance between the cutting edges 9 of the knife 6 and the discs 17, as well as the radial clearance between the end edge of the knife 8 and the reef of the sleeve 18 is set to a minimum.

 Works corn harvesting machine as follows. When the machine moves with the feeding device 1, the stems are introduced into the cob-picking device 2, where the cobs are separated from them, which are fed by the screw 3 and conveyor 4 to the collection tank or threshing machine.

 The stems remaining at the root are mowed by the cutting edges of the 8 knives 6, grab them and move relative to the casing 10 to the opposing discs 17 and the grooved bushings 18. Moving the stems between the disks and relatively grooved bushings using the end 8 and side 9 cutting edges of the knife, the stems are cut into parts, split along the fibers and evenly scattered across the field.

 Under the action of the cutting forces of the stems, the disks with the bushings and the axis 14 can rotate, overcoming the resistance of the friction clutches 15, thereby achieving uniform wear on the cutting edges of the disks and reefs of the bushings. When the cutting edges of the rotor knives are worn on one side, the knives are rearranged on the axis of their suspension for operation by the other side. If a hard object gets with the beveled stems, the opposing disks with the bushings and the axis 14 deviate from the rotor of the cutting apparatus around the hinge 11, overcoming the force of the compression springs 12 acting on the flanges 13. Since the end and side edges of the knife of the cutting apparatus pass between the opposing disks and relatively corrugated bushings with a small gap, they cut the beveled stems across and along the fibers, resulting in a higher quality of grinding stems than existing machines. The reliability of the machine increases due to the articulation of the knives on the shaft of the cutting apparatus and the deviation of the opposing discs from the knives when they hit solid objects with stems.

 Thus, the proposed corn harvesting machine can improve the quality of grinding stems, as well as increase the reliability of the cutting apparatus.

 The proposed technical solution does not have a negative impact on the environment, as it allows to increase soil fertility by quickly decaying carefully chopped stems.

Claims (2)

 1. A corn-picking machine containing a stem-raising and picking device, a cutting apparatus with knives covered by a casing, and transporting ears of cobs, characterized in that an axis equipped with a brake device is mounted on the housing of the cutting apparatus, on which counter-rotating discs are mounted alternately with the blade spacing of the knives and grooved bushings, knives are made flat with a concave working surface and U-shaped grooves forming cutting edges from the front and sides.  2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake device is made in the form of a friction clutch.

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