RU2110646C1 - Method of agrobiological land reclamation at shallow-lying ground water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural technology. SUBSTANCE: this relates to agrobiological land reclamation by improving water-air conditions of growing lucerne plant. According to method, lucerne is sown under cover of high-stalk row crop with retaining strips consisting of 2-5 rows of aforesaid crop located at distance of 15-20 m. EFFECT: higher efficiency.

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used mainly in conditions of irrigated agriculture on lands with close occurrence of fresh groundwater.

 There is a method of using land with a close occurrence of groundwater, including the installation of a closed drainage network at a depth that ensures the maintenance of the optimum depth of soil moisture and the removal of excess groundwater (Maslov I.V., Minaev K.V., Huber, Land reclamation reference book, M. : Rosagropromizdat, 1983, p. 238).

 The disadvantages of this method are the large capital costs necessary for the construction of drainage, as well as a decrease in soil fertility as a result of the extraction of barren mother rock to the surface during the construction of drainage and the need to introduce large fertilizer rates.

 There is also known a method of agrobiological land reclamation, including sowing alfalfa, irrigating crops of the first year and cultivating without irrigation of alfalfa of the second and third years (ibid., P. 229). Alfalfa plants form a deep root system, which provides intensive selection of groundwater and lowering their level to the optimum value for subsequent crops, for example, corn.

 However, with a close occurrence of groundwater, irrigation of alfalfa in the first year of life leads to a deterioration in the conditions for the formation of the root system, and without irrigation, large plant outfalls and thinning of grass stand are observed. This method is adopted as a prototype.

 To eliminate these disadvantages allows the proposed method of agrobiological land reclamation with close occurrence of groundwater, including deep tillage, sowing and cultivating alfalfa for several years, which differs in that in spring, after deep tillage, sowing of a highly cultivated row crop is carried out, and alfalfa is sown on row crops after its last interrow cultivation, while backyard crops are kept in the field in the form of 2-5 rows of its stems when harvesting row crops, distance between them 10 - 20 m, followed by cleaning of the wings during the growing season alfalfa.

 The essence of the proposed method lies in the fact that the combination of deep loosening of the soil, sowing alfalfa under the cover of a row crop and the backstage preservation provides smooth seedlings of alfalfa due to the last irrigation of a row crop, subsequent conservation of seedlings from freezing in winter and providing them with moisture at the beginning of the first year life, due to winter precipitation and increased moisture capacity of the loosened soil layer. This allows you to start a biological decrease in groundwater levels already in the first year of alfalfa life, eliminating the loss of plants in the winter.

 In accordance with the proposed method, before pre-sowing tillage on the field using a cultivator RS-0,8 or RS-1,2, deep loosening of the soil is carried out. The depth of cultivation, providing a sufficient supply of moisture, should be 0.6 - 1.2 m. After cultivation, pre-sowing cultivation of the field and sowing of corn are carried out. In June-July (depending on the zone), alfalfa sowing is carried out at the height of the corn, which impedes the operation of row-crop mechanisms. Subsequent irrigation is carried out without row-spacing, which ensures the conservation of alfalfa seedlings. When corn is harvested, its stems are 2 to 5 rows wide with a distance between these wings of 10 to 20 m, depending on the thickness of the stems, left in the field. These parameters of the wings and their location allow you to delay the snow, creating the optimal snow cover that protects the plants from freezing.

 In spring, accumulated snow reserves are melting and moisture is trapped in the loosened soil layer. These moisture reserves and the presence of breathable pores in the loosened soil layer contribute to the active growth and development of the root system with its penetration into the rim of groundwater, which allows to reduce the groundwater level by the end of the first year.

 Before the start of the growing season, alfalfa scenes are removed and conditions are created on the field for the uniform development of plants. Over the next two years, alfalfa develops a powerful root system that provides plants with moisture without irrigation and lowers the level of groundwater. In this case, the entire loosened layer is enriched with organic matter and nitrogen of nodule bacteria, which contributes to an increase in field fertility and creates favorable conditions for growing subsequent crop rotation crops.

Claims (1)

 A method of agrobiological land reclamation with close occurrence of groundwater, including deep tillage, sowing and cultivating alfalfa for several years, characterized in that after spring deep tillage, sowing of a highly cultivated row crop is carried out, and alfalfa is sown according to the row crop, after its last inter-row processing, while backyard crops are harvested on the field backstage from 2 to 5 rows with a distance between them of 10 to 20 m, which are removed during the growing season of alfalfa.