RU21048U1 - INSTALLATION FOR REGENERATION OF WASTE TECHNICAL OILS - Google Patents

Description

- S10M175 / 00

Installation for the regeneration of used technical oils

The invention relates to equipment for the regeneration of used technical oils, in particular used motor oils, and can be used in the oil refining industry.

A known installation for the regeneration of oils by distillation of fuels, operating according to the scheme: acid-clay (P.I. Shashkin, I.V. Bry “Regeneration of used petroleum oils, M., Chemistry, 1970, p. 190), including a heater, an evaporator for water distillation, heat exchangers, acid mixer for treatment with sulfuric acid, acid sump, contact mixer for treatment with bleaching clay, evaporator for distillation of fuel vapor, coarse filter and filter press. A plant of this type operates in batch mode and is not suitable for large-scale production. During its operation, a significant amount of waste is generated in the form of acid tars and spent bleaching clays. Typically, acid tar is burnt, and spent clay is buried at landfills, which is unacceptable for environmental reasons.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed utility model is the installation for the regeneration of oils (certificate for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 2815, C10M175 / 00, from 30.06.94. Publ. 09/19/96), adopted for the prototype, containing a series-connected column for removing water fuel fractions, a solvent extraction column connected to solvent removal devices from refined oil and asphytenes, a regenerated oil fractionation unit, which is made in the form of a thin-film rotary evaporator and is connected in series inen with a solvent removal unit from the purified oil. This installation allows you to get satisfactory base oils from used petroleum oils. However, even when using film evaporators with a short residence time in the high temperature zone, the resulting base oil has a high acid number and an unsatisfactory color and odor.

In addition, to increase the yield of base oil up to 80%, an increase in the temperature in the evaporator is required up to, which leads to a significant deterioration in the quality of the distillate in color and smell.

The problem solved by the claimed invention is to improve the quality of the resulting base regenerated oil with an increase in its output.

The completeness of the present invention lies in the fact that the installation for the regeneration of used technical oils includes serially connected: a column for removing water and fuel fractions, a column for extracting oil with a solvent, connected to units for removing solvent from extracted oil and asphaltenes, a unit

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fractionation of regenerated oil, a catalytic hydrogenation unit for oil, a packing column for stabilizing and deodorizing the regenerated oil, and a device for mixing throttles and base oil.

The use of oil hydrotreating on the catalyst allows C) to significantly improve the quality of the base oil and bring it to the requirements of the regulatory documentation in terms of parameters: acid number - less than 0.01 mg KOH / G oil, color - less than 1 unit. CNT, at the same time, the pour point is also improved - up to minus 20 ° С and viscosity index - up to 110. The use of a stabilization packing column after hydrotreating increases the flash point and eliminates the unpleasant odor of the base oil due to the distillation of the hydrocracked products of resinous compounds and additives contained in 1; distillate oil.

Aftertreatment of the oil on the catalyst in a hydrogen medium allows you to increase the temperature at the stage of distillation and increase the yield of base oil up to 80%.

After mixing the base oil with the additive package, marketable oils, for example, motor oils, are obtained.

By-products of the installation are utilized: light hydrocarbon fractions, gas oils, stabilization distillation - are burned in the boiler room; gas emissions - burned out; asphaltenes are sent to a plant for the production of building bitumen.

Fig. 1 shows the installation scheme for the regeneration of used technical oils.

The installation includes: a heat exchanger-heater 1, a water and fuel fractions removal column 2, an oil supply line to the extraction column 3, a solvent extraction oil column 4, a solvent removal unit from the extracted oil 5, a solvent removal unit from asphaltenes 6, a gaseous solvent recycling line 7 , 8, compressor 9, condenser 10, liquefied solvent recycling line 11, electric heater 12, regenerated oil fractionation unit 13, oil supply line for post-treatment 14, catalytic hydrogenation 15, line under Swing oil for stabilization 16, stabilization and deodorization column 17 and mix; its device for mixing additives and base oil 19.

Installation works as follows. Pre-separated from free water and coarse mechanical impurities, used oil containing oil fractions, fuel and gasoline fractions, emulsion water, tar-asphaltene compounds, additives, decomposition products of additives, metal particles and soot, as well as other solid and liquid impurities, is fed through heat exchanger-heater 1 to the column for removing water and fuel fractions 2, where at a temperature of 90-100 ° C and a residual pressure of 50-70 mm RT. Art. emulsion water and light hydrocarbon fractions are distilled off, which are discharged from the top of column 2. Oil from the bottom of column 2 is fed through

line 3 into the solvent extraction column 4, where a liquefied solvent flows along line Pt. The extraction process is carried out in countercurrent at a temperature of the top of the column to, the bottom to 70 ° C and a pressure of up to 40 kgf / cm, the ratio of solvent to oil consumption 5-15 / 1.

The purified oil (deasphalting agent) with the main part of the solvent from the top of the column 4 enters the solvent removal unit from the oil 5, where the solvent is sequentially removed at 16-18 kgf / cm, then at 2-3 kgf / cm and under vacuum. The gaseous solvent through the recycle line 7 enters the compressor 9. After the gaseous solvent is compressed on the compressor 9 and condensed on the condenser 10, the liquefied solvent returns to the cycle.

Impurities in the form of resinous-asphaltene compounds are deposited in the lower part of the column 4 and with a part of the solvent are discharged to the solvent removal unit 6, where the solvent is sequentially removed from the asphaltenes and returned via recycling line 8 through compressor 9, condenser 10 and line 11 to the cycle. Solvent-free asphaltenes enter the construction bitumen plant.

The deasphalting agent from unit 5, through an electric heater 12, is fed to an oil fractionation unit 13, where at a temperature of 200-250 C and a residual pressure of 10-50 mm Hg. Art. gas oil fractions are removed (fed to the boiler), then at a temperature of 300-350 C and a residual pressure of 1-5 mm Hg. Art. evaporate the bulk of the refined oil. The remainder of resinous compounds and additives in the form of tar is used as raw material for the production of bitumen.

To improve the color and reduce the acid number, distillate oil enters through the line 14 to the catalytic hydrroffing unit 15. Hydrogenation is carried out on a stationary catalyst bed at a temperature of 280-350 ° C, a pressure of 40-80 atm and a contact load of 0.5-3 hours from the top the hydrogenation unit hydrogenation gases are discharged: hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, water and unreacted hydrogen, as well as part of the light fractions of the products of catalytic cracking of condensed aromatic hydrocarbons. Hydrogenation gases are supplied to afterburning, or to the atmosphere for dispersion. Mass fraction of hydrogenation gases does not exceed 1%.

Hydrotreating oil through line 16 is fed to the stabilization and deodorization column 17, in which at a residual pressure of 1-2 mm RT. Art. and the temperature of the bottom, middle 150 ° С and top 90 ° С, the products of catalytic cracking of resinous compounds and additives (gasoline components, phenols, cresols) evaporate, which after the condenser partially return to the top of the column (phlegm), and the main part is used as fuel in the boiler room. Pure base oil is discharged from the bottom of the column 17 through line 18. If necessary, the base oil is supplied to the device 19, where it is mixed with a package of additives to obtain marketable oils, in particular motor oils.

Table 1 shows the basic physicochemical parameters of a typical used motor oil, regenerated base oil and commercial motor oil based on it using a domestic additive package.

Using this unit for the regeneration of used motor oils allows you to get a base regenerated oil, as well as, after adding additives, commercial oils, for example, motor oils, which comply with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation.

Physico-chemical parameters of a typical used oil, regenerated base oil and marketable oil based on it.

TABLE

Claims (1)

Installation for the regeneration of used industrial oils, including a series-connected column for removing water and fuel fractions, a column for extracting oil with a solvent connected to units for removing solvent from extracted oil and asphaltenes, a fractionating unit for regenerated oil, characterized in that the fractionating unit is connected in series with a catalytic hydrogenation unit oil, nozzle column for stabilization and deodorization of the regenerated oil and a device for mixing additives to and base oil.