RU2104365C1 - System for improving ecological status of coastal land of drying natural salt water basin - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environment control. SUBSTANCE: this relates to improving ecological and climatic status of coastal land around drying natural salt water basins. Arranged in dried slope of pan of natural salt water basin at leeward side between coastal strip and shore line are stepped rows of water basins connected to each other by canals. Delta of river flowing into natural salt water basin with variable inflow rate and non-silting flow speed is connected by canals with nearest water basins which in their turn are connected by canals with water basins located along coastal strip and also with water basins arranged below in dried slope of pan of natural water basin. Water basins are located at lower elevation marks than river and its delta. Land located around and between water basins is intended for use in agriculture and is provided with collectors. Coastal water basins and dried slope of pan of natural water basins are gradually covered with water coming from river. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to improving the ecological and climatic conditions of coastal lands of drying up natural lakes and seas.

 Known devices and a system of various soil-bulk or structural of special materials dams used to regulate water flows and the formation of reservoirs, which in turn contributes to the microclimate. Such devices are applicable for regulating water flows of rivers and reservoirs with insignificant water area for ecology / 1,2 /.

 A device is known for improving the ecological condition of the coastal lands of a drying, salty natural reservoir, selected as a prototype, including rows of dams with adjustable water outlets located on the dry slope of the bowl of the natural reservoir from the leeward side, starting from the water edge of the natural reservoir to the coastal strip with the formation of stepwise located reservoirs. It is equipped with additional dams, while the dams are made with adjustable water outlets and placed on a dry slope of the bowl of a natural reservoir to the coastal strip with the formation of stepwise located reservoirs / 3 /.

 This solution (using the example of the shrinking Aral Sea), with all its advantages, in theory has a number of drawbacks that deprive it of the possibility of implementation.

 1. The construction of stepwise located dams with an excessively long length (over ten thousand km) and with many water outlet devices of complex design, moreover, at the bottom of the dry part of the sea, in terms of scale (material consumption), construction time and economic considerations are not realistic. Note that, for example, the government found it possible to allocate less than 1 billion rubles for the entire Aral problem in 1990, while at the same time such construction (dams with water outlets with a total length of over 2.5 thousand km) according to approximate estimates will require at least 5 billion rubles. (1 km of construction of dams with facilities calculated by Aralvodstroy was worth about 2 billion rubles.).

 2. Along the coast, coastal lands and deeper into the water area (the Aral Sea, too), the bottom is a surface intersected with many deep bowls, which excludes the possibility of alignment of the upper marks of the dams and their directions. The differences in the depths of the coastal lands and the bottom of the Aral Sea (the dry part) range from 25-30 m, evidence of the formation of many islands.

 3. The materials available at the bottom of the sea (sand, silt, etc.) are not suitable for the construction of such dams requiring high strength, and the importation of materials from the outside, and in such a large quantity, is not real. In addition, at the bottom of the dried part, it is impossible to use equipment other than dredgers.

 As for the development of water transport and fish farming using this device, it should be borne in mind that the following restrictions are imposed. At the bottom of the sea with sections of the flat surface of the slope, the slope is insignificant (for example, the Aral Sea: on vast sections of the coast, the coasts went inward by more than 100 km, and the depth fell by only 13-15 m). In this regard, dams built 7-20 km along the coast do not provide sufficient depth and freedom of direction for vehicles. In addition, it is well known that fish in an industrial sense in such coastal and deep limits (an unnatural temperature regime is formed) develop poorly, since their schools are not sufficiently developed.

 In connection with the foregoing, we believe that the proposed device is inefficient and unrealizable in terms of economic.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the system for improving the ecological condition of the coastal lands of a drying salty natural reservoir, including communicating reservoirs, stepwise located on the dry slope of the bowl of the natural reservoir from the leeward side, starting from the water edge of the natural reservoir to the coastal strip, according to the invention is equipped with channels, at the same time, the river delta with a variable runoff value and a non-silt flow rate is connected by channels with natural bowls on the slope and the dried part the water body of the reservoir, and nearby bowls are connected through channels with bowls along the shore, and with bowls located deep in the water body of the reservoir, while in the cross section or in the depths of the coastal zone and the water area of the dried part of the reservoir, the river and its deltas are located at the upper level at lower levels, respectively - farmland soils, reservoirs and basins.

 Comparison of this device with the prototype shows that the presence of channels is new, while a river delta with a variable flow rate and a non-healing flow velocity is connected by channels to natural bowls on the slope and the dried part of the natural water body, and nearby bowls are connected by channels to bowls along the shore and with bowls located in the depths of the water body of the reservoir, while in the cross section or in the depths of the coastal zone and the water area of the dried part of the reservoir the level at the upper mark is p eka and its delta, at lower levels, respectively - farmland soils, collectors and basins.

 Thus, the claimed device meets the criterion of "novelty."

 The device meets the criterion of "inventive step", because A result has been achieved, attempts to obtain which for a long time did not succeed for specialists: a decrease in the material consumption of the device and labor costs for its construction.

 The technical solution is industrially applicable, as it can be used in the construction of structures on the Aral Sea.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

 The drawing shows the leeward part of the drying salty natural reservoir (for example, the Aral Sea).

 On the coastal territory and on the slope of the dried part of the Aral Sea, in deeper bowls, several reservoirs 1-7 are formed, the nearest of which are connected to the river delta 8 through channels 9 and as they fill, connected by channels 10 and 11 with subsequent deep bowls 6 and 7. In the cross section or in the depths of the coastal zone and the water area of the dried part of the reservoir, the river and its deltas are located at the upper level, and at lower levels there are agricultural soils, reservoirs 12 and pools 1-7.

 On the slope of the part of the water area that has dried up on the leeward side, starting from the edge of the water of the natural reservoir to the coastal strip, stepwise located reservoirs are formed, the nearest of which are connected to the river delta 8 through channels 9 and, as they fill up, they are also connected through channels 10 and 11 to the following bowls on coastal lands and the slope of a reservoir. Thus, the coastal bowls and the dried up part of the water area of the reservoir are gradually covered with water as they accumulate. Subsequently, during the evaporation of moisture from this surface due to solar radiation, salt dust moves from north to south to coastal territories and settles on this surface. This effect increases with increasing solar radiation and the area covered by water.

 There is the possibility of preserving the river delta (in the conditions of the Aral Sea) by providing a non-sagging water flow rate through the delta. The non-flying speed of the water flow through the delta is an exceptional factor that has a critical maximum minimum value, after which the delta can close due to sediment and die. We note that the water flow rate through the Amu Darya delta is currently close to the limiting minimum value (there is no sense in quantifying this parameter, since it is obvious that the lower the flow velocity, the narrower the delta becomes and vice versa. In this connection, it is necessary to constantly clean with suction pumps delta, because the coast is flooded.

 The formation of natural reservoirs in the coastal territories and on the slope of the dry part of the reservoir water recreates the natural conditions for the development of fish farming and ondaturation, and transport links along the routes of fish breeding and ondaturation can be provided through the channels between the reservoirs. Green spaces around and between water bodies will improve the climatic conditions, ecological condition and forage production.

 The device can be implemented gradually, at a fast pace, investing step by step in an accessible size. These funds will also pay off quickly as the first bowls are filled due to fish farming, ondat breeding and fodder production, as well as an improvement in the ecological state, which affects productivity in other areas of the national (mainly agriculture) economy.

Sources of information:
1. "Agricultural hydraulic engineering reclamation", ed. E. Markova, M., Kolos, 1981, p. 213.

 2. V. Kolpakov and others. "Agricultural land reclamation", -M., Kolos, 1981, p.323.

 3. SU, copyright certificate, 1703795, cl. E 02 B 15/00, 1992.

Claims (1)

 A system for improving the ecological condition of the coastal lands of a drying, salty natural reservoir, including communicating reservoirs, stepwise located on a dry slope of a bowl of a natural reservoir from the leeward side between the coastal strip and the water line of the natural reservoir, into which rivers flow, characterized in that the reservoirs are arranged in rows along the length dried slope of the bowls of a natural reservoir and communicated with each other using canals, while the river delta with variable runoff and non-silt the stream canal is connected by canals to nearby reservoirs, which, in turn, are connected by canals to reservoirs located along the coastal strip and to reservoirs located lower on the dry slope of the bowl of a natural reservoir, and reservoirs are located at lower elevations than the river and its delta , and the soil around and between the ponds is intended for agricultural land and is equipped with collectors.