RU2087098C1 - Rodent elimination device-electric deratizator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: deratization of food and agricultural production storages. SUBSTANCE: electric deratizator has casing formed as packing device with load platform 1 and dielectric supports 2 and high-voltage electrodes 3 and 4 fixed at locations, that rodents will inevitably come into contact with. Electrodes are connected with electric power supply system having high-voltage pulse source 6 with high-voltage transformer and pulse generator provided with power condenser, controllable key, diode, charging resistor and power supply terminal. Electrodes 3 and 4 are connected to free lead of transformer secondary winding. Leading end of primary winding and point of connection between tail end of primary winding and leading end of secondary winding are connected through switch in two directions to output poles of pulse generator. Output terminals are connected to primary current source. Packing device has multiway or disposable pallet. High-voltage electrodes 3 and 4 are made linear and fixed in slots of load platform and along perimeter of platform and electrically connected one with another. Deratizator has second transformer allowing protective space to be increased, safety device and deratizator automatic switching system. EFFECT: increased efficiency in rodent control and enhanced reliability in operation. 6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to means for controlling rodents, mainly rats and mice, and is intended to protect food and agricultural products from rodents by the deratization of storage facilities and storages.

 In a stubborn struggle of a person with rodents, and especially rats, loss of products in storage from destruction and spoilage, which can reach 20% per year, use a variety of methods and means: pesticides, various traps and traps, and even sticky substances , however, the effectiveness of this activity is clearly insufficient (Toothy monsters take the capital by storm // Moskovsky Komsomolets, N 33 (17045) from 02/18/95).

 The use of mechanical traps and traps makes practical sense only in limited volumes of residential premises, where the path of rodents is known exactly, and regular inspections, cleaning and reloading of these devices are possible.

 The use of poisoned baits, the most widespread, not only requires significant costs for the mass use of this method and in the development of new pesticides, but also has a number of negative consequences. Firstly, in rodents, especially in rats, resistance to the applied pesticides is transmitted, transmitted to numerous offspring. Secondly, dead (usually in secluded places), but not picked up infected rodents remain dangerous sources of various epidemic diseases. Third, poisoned bait can be eaten by domestic animals and poison can enter the human body through the food chain.

 More promising is the method of scaring away rodents from protected objects. Known devices that provide this effect by creating an ultrasonic "screen" by the generator of acoustic signals of a certain amplitude and frequency (for example, WO 85/02319, class A 01 M 29/02, 1984; SU N 1754039, class A 01 M 19 / 00, 1990).

 Rodents do not withstand ultrasonic exposure and leave objects thus protected. At the same time, the problem of cleaning and destroying captured or dead animals is removed.

 The disadvantages of these devices include: the complexity of the manufacture of equipment and its operation; restrictions on the shape and size of the coverage area; high power consumption; possible negative effect on the human body.

 A device is known as an electric disinfestator, providing the defeat of rodents by electrical exposure. This device, adopted as a prototype as containing the largest number of essential features common with the claimed device and related to the same field of activity, contains a housing with high voltage contact electrodes fixed on it, which are located on the sides of the inlet at the place of inevitable contact by the rodent. The electrodes are supplied with voltage from a high-voltage power source through the power supply system. Upon simultaneous contact with two electrodes, the animal is shocked (US, N 4780985, class A 01 M 19/00, 1988).

 The disadvantages of the prototype, which is a trap-trap with electrified elements at the entrance to it, include the following: a damaging effect on rodents is provided only at the entrance to the trap and only according to the bipolar scheme, in which the animal must touch both electrodes simultaneously; the dead animal remains between the electrodes at the entrance to the trap, closing on itself the output terminals of the high-voltage generator, which leads to useless energy consumption (this is not safe for the generator, as well as in fire protection). In addition, this prevents the next rodent from entering the affected area until the trap is cleaned.

 The electrical circuit of such a device is a source of increased danger for personnel both during installation and during operation.

 The dignity that an animal will be killed humanely in 1 2 seconds and its carcass will be in a certain place can be minimized if it is discovered after several hours, when the carriers of infectious diseases that parasitize on the rodent have already run away.

 When creating the invention, the problem of expanding the arsenal of technical means of combating rodents, mainly with rats, by electrical exposure driving the animal away from the object is solved.

 The technical result of the invention is the implementation of this purpose.

In accordance with the invention, a fundamentally new type of disinfestation device has a set of the following properties:
the impact on the animal is not lethal, the caused pain effect is repulsive for rodents and at the same time safe for staff;
the boundary of the zone of action of this effect is continuous and completely covers the boundaries of the protected object, taking into account behavioral stereotypes of rodents;
the use of the device does not significantly affect the currently used methods, devices and organization of storage and transportation of protected products.

 All these properties are ensured by the simplicity and reliability of the design, combined with low energy consumption.

 The required technical result is achieved in that in a rodent control device comprising a body made of dielectric material with high voltage contact electrodes fixed on it in the place of inevitable contact by the rodent, connected by the power supply system to the primary power source, the body is made in the form of packaging equipment with a cargo platform and the power supply system is equipped with a control unit in the form of a three-electrode timing device, a source of high-voltage pulses made in e a high voltage transformer and a pulse generator comprising a power capacitor, controllable switch, a diode, a charging resistor, and power supply terminals. High-voltage contact electrodes are connected to the free terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer, the beginning of its primary winding and the connection point of the end of the primary and the beginning of the secondary windings are connected through the contactor in two directions to the output poles of the pulse generator, and the output terminals are connected to the primary current source. A diode and a charging resistor are connected in a conducting direction in one bus of the pulse generator in series from the input terminal to the output, and in the other, a controlled key. The power capacitor is connected by its terminals between the input terminal and the beginning of the transformer primary winding. The packaging tool is made in the form of a multi-turn or disposable pallet, the cargo platform rests on the floor through supports made of dielectric material, and the contact electrodes are linear and placed in the grooves of the cargo platform and around the perimeter of the packaging equipment and are galvanically connected. In addition, the device is equipped with a quick-disconnect electrical contact made in the form of an elastic element, the mating parts of which are connected to the high-voltage terminal of the transformer and contact electrodes and are installed, respectively, on stationary supports in the room and on the body of the disinfectant. At the same time, the device is equipped with a contactor connecting the input terminals of the pulse generator to the primary current source through the contact of the lighting network switch in series with the lighting lamps, and the contact of the network switch is connected in parallel with these terminals. The device is also equipped with a second high-voltage transformer identical to the original one, with their primary windings through the second contactor in two directions connected to the input terminals of the pulse generator in parallel according to, and the free terminal of the second high-voltage transformer connected to high-voltage contact electrodes isolated from the electrodes connected to the first transformer.

 When creating the invention, the method developed by the authors of pulsed electrical effects on a living organism, which was previously implemented in another technical field, was used (application N 94-011397, class G OB 13/00, 04/12/94).

 The essence of this method is the electrical effect on the body by a pulse current of overcharging its capacity in a single-wire circuit. High-voltage current pulses contain at least two alternating half-waves, which provide an effective effect even in the absence of direct contact with the "ground" or the return wire. An attempt to touch an electrified object causes a complex (audiovisual, painful, and convulsive) repulsive effect. Medical and biological studies have established that the effect is not life threatening, and the effect of getting used to it is absent. The authors obtained a positive expert opinion of the SSC of the Russian Federation of the Institute of Biophysics based on the results of biomedical tests of the clinical and physiological consequences of the impact of the pulse current generated by the device on the body of laboratory animals.

 Analysis of the typical designs of warehouses and product storages showed the practical possibility of efficiently providing known methods and means of protecting products placed in them from rodents, especially from rats. Known means of deterrence have a certain range, not always convenient to provide reliable protection in the specific conditions of packaging and placement of goods in storage.

 Therefore, it was decided to protect the storage facilities in such a way as not to violate the industry’s technology for cargo handling, in which, in order to increase the level of comprehensive mechanization, both in our country and abroad, unified elements (pallets) are widely used, both independently and and as part of specialized cargo transportation and storage systems.

 For this, the device case was made in the form of a packaging device with a cargo platform, which has the property of repelling rodents when trying to penetrate the cargo on it, which made it possible to provide reliable protection. The effectiveness of such protection will not be determined by the size of the coverage area (enough if its boundaries are units of millimeters larger than the overall dimensions of the protected object), but by its continuity both in space and in time.

 In FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a disinfestation device; in FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a source of high voltage pulses; in FIG. 3 diagram of the safety device; in FIG. 4 diagram of the connection of the source to the lighting system of the room.

 Linear high-voltage contact electrodes 3, mounted in the grooves of the cargo area, galvanically connected to the electrodes 4, fixed around the perimeter of the upper deck 1, are fixed on the case, made in the form of packaging equipment with a cargo platform (upper deck) 1 and supports 2 made of dielectric material. The electrodes 4 through an elastic contact 5 are connected to a power supply system including a source of high voltage pulses 6, a control unit 7, made in the form of a three-electrode timing device, device b zopasnosti personnel 8 and a proximity detector 9 rodents.

 The source of high-voltage pulses 6 contains a high-voltage transformer 10 with a steeply falling characteristic, the high-voltage terminal 11 of its secondary winding is connected to the elastic contact 5. The primary and secondary windings of the transformer 10 are connected in series according to, and the beginning of the primary winding is connected to the first output pole 12 of the pulse generator, which includes controlled electronic key 13, the energy storage element 14 in the form of a power (non-polar) capacitor and power bus, to which are connected Input 15 and 16 output 12 and 17 terminals. A diode 18 in the conducting direction and a charging resistor 19 are connected in series from the input terminal 15 to the output 12 in one bus of the pulse generator, and a controlled key 13 in the other direction. The energy-accumulating element (non-polar capacitor) 14 is connected by its terminals between the input terminal 16 and the beginning of the transformer primary winding 10.

 The anode 20 and the cathode 21 of the timing device 7 are connected to the input terminals 15 and 16 of the generator, respectively. The cathode 23 and the anode 24 of the controlled key 13 are connected respectively to the other bus 22 of the generator between the terminal 16 and the output 17 respectively. The controlled output 25 of the key 13 and the control output 26 of the timing devices 7 are electrically connected.

 The electrical connection of the output terminals 12 and 17 of the pulse generator with the primary winding of the transformer 10 is carried out by the contactor 27 in two directions.

 The safety device 8 and the non-contact detector of rodents 9 are not necessary elements of the power supply system of the disinfestator in its functional purpose. Non-contact detector 9 reduces power consumption in the absence of the object of influence. In this case, it would be sufficient to disconnect one phase of the primary current source. However, when operating the deratizer in conditions of high humidity, it is necessary to disconnect both phases, which ensures safety device 8. At the same time, operational electrical safety is guaranteed due to the complete disconnection of the generator from the primary current source.

 The safety device 8 contains a direct current source 28, made in the form of a half-wave rectifier 29 and a filter tank 30, the diagonal of the alternating current source 28 is connected to the buses of the primary current source through a current-limiting resistor 31. A relay coil 32 and a dry contact are connected in series to the direct current diagonal 33 of the non-contact detector 9. A make contact 34 of the relay 32 is installed in the bus between the point of connection of the diagonal of the alternating current source 28 and the output terminal 35 of the safety device 8. The opening part of the switching contact 36 is connected in parallel with the current-limiting resistor 31, and the closing part between the point of connection of the current-limiting resistor 31 to the primary current source and the output terminal 37 of the safety device 8. One of the standard devices can be used as a non-contact detector: IR detector, radiometric sensor, capacitive sensor, etc. (see for example: Yakushenkov Yu. G. Theory and calculation of optoelectronic devices. M. Mechanical Engineering, 1989, p. 223; Walker F. Electronic security systems. Pros and Cons. 1991, part 2, p. 110 )

 The input terminals 38 and 39 of the safety devices 8 are connected to the primary current source.

 One of the main sources of the constituent elements of the protection device is the electrified part, consisting of contact electrodes 3 and 4, forming on the packaging tool (pallet) an obstacle practically impossible to overcome for rodents on the way to the protected product.

 All known unified types of pallets, disposable or multi-turn, single and double deck, used both independently and as part of the main types of packaging equipment (see GOST 21391-75 "Means of packaging goods. Terms and definitions", 21929-76 "Transportation of goods packages. General requirements "), must include the following elements: supports 2 made of dielectric material (wood, cardboard, plastic, etc.) with a height of about 10 cm. Dielectric cross members for mechanical connection of supports; the upper deck 1 is made of dielectric material, most often these are wooden planks up to 1.5 cm thick and up to 12 cm wide, laid with a gap (to facilitate construction and material saving) between these 35 cm planks.

 It was found that rodents, as a rule, penetrate the load from the outside of the pallet or through the gaps in the upper deck. Cases of gnawing for this board or continuous flooring made of cardboard or plastic are not known to us.

 Therefore, in order to make the pallet practically inaccessible to rodents, in the lower plane (in the longitudinal gaps) of the upper deck linear electrodes 3 from the conductive strip are fixed (for example, upholstery steel tape, laminated film material, conductive fabric, etc.) and the same electrode 4 along the perimeter of this flooring, connected electrically to all longitudinal electrodes 3 and through elastic contacts 5 with a source of high voltage pulses.

 The elastic contacts 5 are a quick disconnect conductive connection, the mating parts of which are connected respectively to the electrode 4 and the high-voltage output 11 of the transformer 10. They are made in the form of a curved metal tape, conductive or metallized rubber pads, metal "tangle", etc. Their design is determined solely by the condition ensuring electrical conductivity and mechanical wear resistance with reduced requirements for the accuracy of installation of the pallet at its location. In this version, the device for protection against rodents will practically not affect the functional characteristics of the pallet as a means of transportation and storage of goods, informing it of a new quality. If the upper flooring is solid (cardboard, plastic, etc.), then the linear electrodes are attached to it from below along the spores.

 To automatically turn on the electrical connection between the linear electrodes of 4 pallets in a group (up to six pallets), at least one elastic contact 5 is attached to the electrodes 4 located along the perimeter at the ends of the flooring. These contacts during mechanized movement and installation of pallets in an appropriate place in The storage provides an electrical connection between the electrodes of the pallets in the group.

 On the walls of the storehouse or near them, the counterparts of contacts 5 are stationary mounted on supports made of dielectric at the height of the upper flooring of the pallets. If possible, pallets stationaryly installed along the walls can be used as such supports, equipped with electrodes 3 and 4 in accordance with the description of the invention. You can install other pallets with cargo on these pallets, without connecting their electrodes to the lower electrodes, because cargo protection is already reliably ensured.

 The studies performed by the authors established the minimum amplitudes of high-voltage impulses that have a stable repulsive effect on rodents in rooms with a dielectric floor (wood, linoleum, ceramic tile, etc.). The value of this indicator for rats under these conditions is 10 ± 2 kV. If the floors are concrete, earth or dielectric, but in conditions of dampness or constantly high humidity in the room, then the amplitude can be in the range of 5 6 kV. Tests on larger ones showed a steady repulsive effect with the same parameters.

 For reasons of electrical safety for service personnel and resistance to external short circuits, the high-voltage transformer used as part of the power supply has a steeply falling external characteristic and an upper limit on the output pulse amplitude of not more than 25 kV. In this regard, the high-voltage transformer has a technical load limit, which is the case (pallets) equipped with linear electrodes. So, one can be connected from one standard pallet with an area of about 1 square. m (the amplitude of the pulses on it will be about 25 kV) up to six such pallets (the amplitude of the pulses on them will be about 10 kV). However, the circuitry of the pulse generator, as well as the design features, allow it to simultaneously power two high-voltage transformers 10 and 40 from it, the primary windings of which must be connected through autonomous contactors 27 and 41 to the output terminals of the generator in parallel according to. In this case, the source of high-voltage pulses can supply from one to twelve pallets, and there will be practically no potential difference between groups of pallets connected to different high-voltage transformers. This design of the source of high voltage pulses will simultaneously protect at least 15 square meters from rodents. m (including technological and fire gaps between groups of pallets) storage.

 Electricity consumption from the primary current source (single-phase network 220 V, 50 Hz) comes from half-waves of the same polarity, which can lead to a network congestion while connecting a large number of the claimed devices (for large-area storages). Almost half can reduce the load by alternating the connection of the input terminals of the generators to the phase wire of the primary current source. Then, up to one pulse source, two groups of consumers are formed, each of which will consume half-wave energy of its (positive or negative) polarity, while the external indicators of high-voltage pulse sources will be almost the same.

 An analysis of the organization of the work of the warehouses showed that the vast majority of them do not have natural light, therefore they are equipped with an electric lighting system that is turned on for the period of technological work in the presence of staff: loading, unloading, reloading, etc. Most of the time, the lighting is turned off, the staff is absent, which creates favorable conditions for rodents with a night period of activity.

 Therefore, the invention provides automatic inclusion in the operation of a device for controlling rodents during the absence of people in the warehouse and shutdown during warehouse maintenance. For this, the input lemma of the pulse generator is connected to the contacts 42 and 43 of the room lighting switch, where the protected pallets are located. The generator terminals with this connection turn out to be connected in series with the lighting lamps 44, and the contact 45 of the switch is parallel to these terminals. When the lighting is turned on, the terminals of the generator are bypassed and it stops working. Turning off the lighting supplies the mains voltage, minus the voltage drop across the lamps (10 20 V, depending on the number and power of the lamps) to the input of the pulse generator. It should be noted that the circuit of the source of high-voltage pulses according to the invention continues to operate stably with an input voltage of at least 80 V.

 Automatic inclusion of the device in operation when the lighting in the storage is turned off, in addition to saving energy consumption, reduces the likelihood of accidental exposure to maintenance personnel by high-voltage pulses.

 There is an additional technical effect of increasing the life of the lighting lamps. When the lighting is off, the current source of the pulse source flows through the filament of the lamps, maintaining them in a heated state. It is known that the resistance of incandescent filament lamps in a cold (disconnected from the network) state is an order of magnitude lower than in a hot (when lit) state. That is why the lamps burn out, and the conductive racks are destroyed, most often when turned on. It has been experimentally established that a current of tens of milliamps is sufficient to heat the filament, which increases the lamp life by several times. The current value of the current consumed by the pulse source is much less than that required for the glow of the filament of the lamps, but more than the minimum necessary for their heating.

 The device operates as follows. After placing the packaging facilities in the storage on the panels of the sources of high-voltage pulses, the toggle switches that control the inclusion of the high-voltage transformers 10 (40), into the load of which at least one pallet is connected, are transferred to the on position. When the maintenance staff leaves the room, the lighting is turned off and the entrance doors are locked (sequence change is possible), as a result of which the deratizer is switched on in working condition (it is connected to the 220 V network, 50 Hz).

 When rodents appear in the room, the detector 9 is activated, closing the contact 33 of the relay 32 power supply circuit. Its contacts 34 and 36 connect the pulse generator to the primary current source, and the disconnected resistor 31 provides the holding current of the relay 32.

 Approaching the pallet with the load, the rodent (roof, mouse, etc.) carefully sniff the route. It was experimentally established that almost always rodents touch the linear electrodes on the pallet with their nose, where they have the most sensitive receptors. At a distance of 3 to 15 mm from the electrodes, depending on the amplitude of the voltage pulses, an arc discharge occurs, accompanied by arc glow and a characteristic crack. A series of alternating current pulses recharging the capacity of this body flows from the electrode through point breakdowns of the skin on the rodent's nose, and then through its body, causing convulsive muscle contractions. Such a complex effect causes a sharp jerking reaction of the head, and, apparently, due to the preservation of inertia of the direction of movement, an almost immediate second, sometimes third touch with the same effects follows, accompanied by a strong squeak of the animal. The animal bounces and, in a confined space (in a laboratory setting), slams into a corner and sits with virtually no movement for at least 15 minutes. Then a second attempt is possible with the same result, after which the animal refuses to approach the electrode even with stimulation. Moreover, the rats feel at a distance of 5 10 cm from the electrode when high voltage pulses are applied to them, and no longer approach the object.

 During the experimental verification of the effectiveness of the device in a real warehouse with an area of 100 square meters. m to the installation was connected three pallets equipped with electrodes as described. Nearby in the same sequence stood three control pallets without protection. On all six pallets the bait (confectionery) was evenly laid out. At a distance of 3 5 m from these pallets with bait, there were up to 30 pallets with the same products, in standard cardboard packaging. On the second day, the bait from the control pallets was eaten, but on the protected ones it remained untouched. In this form, for about two weeks of trial operation of the device, the picture was preserved, and then it was noted by the maintenance personnel that the rats had left the warehouse. This is confirmed by the fact that for a week after the installation was turned off, the bait on unprotected pallets remained untouched.

The undeniable advantages of the invention are:
simplicity and reliability of the design, combined with low power consumption of not more than 3.0 watts per square meter. m area, reliably protected from rodents;
the effect is repulsive and non-lethal for rodents, as well as safe for the health of staff, while additional measures to ensure electrical safety (the protection unit in the source of high-voltage pulses and the inclusion of the primary current source from the light switch) guarantee a safety level not lower than that of electrical household appliances;
the boundary of the repulsive effect zone almost coincides with the dimensions of the protected object and makes it practically impossible for rodents to penetrate the cargo (product) placed on this object;
the use of the device does not significantly affect the organization of work at the warehouse, does not reduce its usable area, does not require re-equipment of handling equipment and mechanisms.

 It is possible to equip the pallets that are in operation at the warehouse with the help of staff, and for this purpose it is not necessary to dismantle a single nail on them. In the future, equipping pallets with linear electrodes and elastic contacts, it is advisable to carry out the manufacturer of means of packaging goods. It is characteristic that the time and money spent on this equipment is minimal, the strength of pallets increases, and the technology of loading and unloading and transportation remains unchanged.

 Thus, the invention is a fundamentally new device in the arsenal of technical means for controlling rodents. The device according to the invention is quite simple in design, economical in consumption, safe to use for human health, reliable in terms of environmental and fire safety, with high efficiency does not require the cost of sanitary and hygienic maintenance.

Claims (6)

 1. Device for controlling rodents, an electric disinfestator, comprising a body of dielectric material fixed on it in the place of inevitable contact by the rodent with high voltage contact electrodes connected by a power supply system with a primary current source, characterized in that the body is made in the form of a packaging device with a cargo platform and the power supply system is equipped with a control unit in the form of a three-electrode timing device, a source of high-voltage pulses, made in the form of high a voltage transformer and a pulse generator, including a power capacitor, a controlled key, a diode, a charging resistor and power terminals, while the high-voltage contact electrodes are connected to the free terminal of the secondary winding of the transformer, the beginning of its primary winding and the connection point of the end of the primary and the beginning of the secondary windings are connected through a contactor in two directions to the output poles of the pulse generator, the input terminals of which are connected to the primary current source, in one bus of the pulse generator In particular, from the input terminal to the output, a diode and a charging resistor are connected in the conducting direction, and in a different controlled key, the power capacitor being connected by its terminals between the input terminal and the beginning of the transformer primary winding, the anode and cathode of the timing device are connected to the input terminals of the generator, and its control the output is connected to a controlled output of the key.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the packaging means is made in the form of a multi-turn or disposable pallet, the cargo platform of which is mounted on supports made of dielectric material, and the contact electrodes are linear and placed in the grooves of the cargo platform and around the perimeter of the packaging device and galvanically connected.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a quick-disconnect electrical contact made in the form of an elastic element, the counterparts of which are connected to the high-voltage output of the transformer and contact electrodes and are mounted respectively on supports for stationary installation in the room and on the body of the disinfectant.  4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a non-contact detector and a security system containing a direct current source, made in the form of a half-wave rectifier and filter capacity, the diagonal of the rectifier AC is connected to the buses of the primary current source through a current-limiting resistor, with a diagonal DC windings are connected in series with the relay coil and the “dry” contact of the non-contact detector, the make contact of the relay is installed in the bus between the connection point of the diagonal nnogo current source and an output terminal of the safety device, the opening part of the switch contact connected in parallel with a current limiting resistor, and closing the connection point between the current-limiting resistor to the primary current source and a second output terminal of the safety device.  5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a contactor for connecting the input terminals of the pulse generator to the primary current source through the contact of the lighting network switch in series with the lighting lamps, the contact of the network switch being connected in parallel with these terminals.  6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a second high-voltage transformer identical to the first, and their primary windings are connected in parallel to the output terminals of the pulse generator via a two-way bi-directional contactor, and the free terminal of the second high-voltage transformer is connected to high-voltage contact electrodes isolated from electrodes connected to the first transformer.

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