RU2084279C1 - Filter charge for cleaning drinking water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water purification. SUBSTANCE: invention focuses on cleaning drinking water and can be used for producing high-quality long-storage drinking water fit to be subsequently butylated. Filter charge consists of following sorption-filtration materials' beds: (i) microfiltration fibers with pore size 1-100 mcm or a mixture thereof with granulated or fibrous sulfo- or carboxylic cathionites in Na⁺ or Na⁺/H⁺ forms, or a mixture of microfiltration fibers with granulated or fibrous anionites in OH^- or polyiodide forms, or carboxylic or sulfo- cathionites in Na⁺ or Na⁺/H⁺ forms, or a mixture of indicated cathionites and granulated or fibrous anionites in OH^- or polyiodide forms; (ii) successively arranged layers of modified monoclinic- structure zeolite, carboxylic cathionites, and activated carbons, a part of the bed being in bactericide (silver) form; and (iii) microfiltration fibers with pore size 0.5-10 mcm. EFFECT: improved quality of drinking water. 9 cl, 2 dwg , 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of ecology, specifically to the purification and conditioning of drinking water, and can be used to create filter media capable of comprehensively purifying water from various toxic impurities, suspensions of heavy metals, organic and organochlorine impurities.

Known sorption filter load for drinking water based on activated carbon, some of which is in bactericidal (silver) form [1]
This download is used to improve the organoleptic characteristics of water. Its disadvantage is that it practically does not purify water from salts of heavy metals.

Closest to the described one is the loading of a filter for drinking water purification, containing a layer of modified natural zeolite of monoclinic structure in Na and / or K form, cation exchange carboxylic polymer material in Na form and activated carbon [2]
This download is able to comprehensively purify water from organic impurities, salts of heavy metals, including radionuclides. Its disadvantage is that the resource of this load is balanced only for the treatment of relatively clean waters. If one or more endemic impurities (for example, iron) is present in the water, the resource will be exhausted quite quickly for this component, while the layers of activated carbon will exhaust only 10-20% during this time. Its real life for ordinary tap water is 3-5 thousand liters.

 The objective of the present invention is to increase the service life of the filter load for drinking water purification, as well as increasing the degree of purification of water from various impurities.

 This task is achieved by the described loading of a filter for drinking water purification, containing along the purified water a layer of sorption-filtering material in the form of fibers and / or granules (layer A), then a layer of modified natural zeolite of monoclinic structure in Na and / or K form, cation exchange carboxyl polymer material in Na form and activated carbon, part of which is in silver form (layer B), and then a layer of microfiltration fibrous material with an average effective pore diameter of 0.5-10 μm (layer C).

The following substances can be used as a sorption-filtering material (layer A) in this load:
microfiltration fiber with an average effective pore diameter of 1.0-100 μm (A 1);
granular sulfocationite type KU-2-8-hs in Na form (A2);
carbaxyl ion exchanger VION-KN-1 or VION-KN-1M in Na form (A3)
anion-exchange fibrous materials VION-AC-1 or VION-AC-3 with pyridinium functional groups (A4);
granular strongly basic anion exchanger type AB-17-hs in polyiodide form (A5);
a mixture of cation exchange fiber type VION-KN-1 / KN-1M and anion exchange fiber AC-1 or AC-3 (A6);
a mixture of cation exchange material VION-KN-1 or VION-KN-1M granules of anion exchange resin of type AB-17 hs or anion-exchange fiber AC-1 (AC-3) in polyiodide form (A7);
Volumetric ratios between layers A, B and C are 0.2-0.3 1 0.2-0.3.

 A distinctive feature of this filter load for drinking water treatment is that it additionally contains a layer of sorption-filtering material in the form of fibers and / or granules, as well as a layer of microfiltration fibrous material with an average effective pore diameter of 0.5-10 μm, placed along the way water movement after layer B.

 Another difference of the method is that microfiltration fiber with an average effective pore diameter of 1.0-100 μm, granular sulfocationite type KU-2-8 hours in Na form, carboxyl fiber ion exchanger VION-KN-1 or VION-KN-1M in Na-form, anion exchange fiber material AC-1 or AC-3, granular strongly basic anion exchanger type AB-17-hs in polyiodide form, a mixture of cation exchange fiber material VION-KN-1 or VION-KN-1M and granules of anion exchange resin type AB-17-hs or anion the exchange fiber AC-1 / AC-3 in the polyiodide form, or a mixture of the cation exchange fiber VION-KN-1 / VION-KN-1M and the anion exchange fiber AC-1 / AC-3. Another difference of the method lies in the fact that the volume ratio between these three layers of filtering materials located respectively before and after the layer is 0.2-0.3 1 0.2-0.3.

The effectiveness of the inventive filter media is illustrated by the following examples:
Example 1. Conduct a resource test of filter media for the purification of drinking water in the Moscow region by passing through them at a speed of 10-20 K. O. / hour (water volumes equal to the volume of sorbents) of water with the following main indicators:
Total salt content 350-400 mg / l;
Total hardness (Ca + Mg) 4.5-7.0 mEq / L;
Turbidity, mg / l 1.2-1.6;
Color, degree 9-16;
Cadmium, μg / L 0.45-0.96;
Nickel, μg / L 2.0-3.6;
Chromium, mcg / L 3.4-6.2;
Chloroform, mcg / L 29.4-38.6;
Bactericidal indicators:
Coli Index 3-10
Escherichia coli bacteria 100-180
The total microbial number is 4-80
The following compositions are used as filter loads (layers are indicated in the direction of water movement, filtration from bottom to top).

1. The composition consisting of layers:
layer A-microfiltration polypropylene fiber with an average effective pore diameter of 1.0 μm pos. (1.1), 100 μm (pos.1.2.), Then layers of the modified Zelex-KMCh zeolite, VION-KN-1 cation exchange fiber; activated carbon BAU and BAU-UAI (impregnated with silver) (layer B), then microfiltration fiber with an average effective pore diameter of 0.5 μm (pos.1.1) and 10 microns (pos.1.2) (layer C)
2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that as layer A granular sulfocationite KU-2-8 hours in Na-form is used (pos. 2.1); granular anion exchange resin AB-17-hs in a polyiodide form (pos.2.2); carboxyl fiber material VION-KN-1M (pos.2.3); a mixture of carboxyl fiber VION-KN-1 and anion-exchange fiber AC-1 in a volume ratio of 1: 1 (item 2.4); a mixture of VION-KN-1 fiber and AV-17-hs anion exchangeite granules in the OH form (pos. 2.5).

 The tests are carried out with equal total load volumes (1 l) by constantly passing water through them. Analyzes for a number of indicators are carried out every 1000 liters of skipped water. A total of 10,000 liters of water are passed.

 The result of the chemical indicators of purified water are given in table 1 and figure 1-2, and for microbiological indicators in table 2.

 As can be seen from the above examples, the claimed load allows you to effectively purify water from various toxic impurities, including bacterial contaminants, which are practically absent in purified water.

 As seen in FIG. 1 and 2, the load selectively removes from the water impurities of toxic metals such as cadmium or manganese, with almost no change in the metal content of the alkaline-earth element group.

 Thus, the proposed filter loads provide high-quality drinking water, which determines their significant environmental effect.

Claims (9)

 1. Loading a filter for drinking water purification, containing a layer of modified Zelex zeolite in the Na form, a cation exchange carboxylic polymer material in the Na form, and activated carbon, characterized in that it further comprises a layer of sorbent-filtering or microfiltration material in the form fibers and / or granules placed in front of the modified zeolite layer along the purified water, as well as a layer of microfiltration fibrous material with an average effective pore diameter of 0.5 to 10 μm, placed after activated carbon layer.  2. The filter load according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a microfiltration fiber with a pore size of 1.0 to 100 μm as a sorbent-filtering material.  3. The filter load according to claim 2, characterized in that, as the sorbent-filtering material, it further comprises a layer of granular sulfocationionite in the Na form with a volume ratio of cationite and material (1 0.5) (1 05).  4. The filter load according to claim 2, characterized in that it further comprises a layer of fibrous cation exchanger of the type VION-KN-1 or VION-KN-1M in the Na form as its sorbent-filtering material with its ratio to the microfiltration fiber (1 0 5) (1 0.5).  5. The filter load according to claim 2, characterized in that it additionally contains anion exchange materials AB-17-8 or VION-AC-1 (AC-3) in a polyiodide form with their volumetric ratio to microfiltration fiber (1 0.5) (1 0.5).  6. The filter load according to claim 1, characterized in that as a sorbent-filtering material it contains a layer of fibrous cation exchanger type VION-KN-1 or VION-KN-1M.  7. The filter load according to claim 6, characterized in that it further comprises anion exchange materials AB-17-8, or VION-AC-1, or AC-3 in polyiodide form with their volumetric ratio to cation exchangers (1 0.5) (105).  8. The filter load according to claim 1, characterized in that as the sorbent-filtering material it contains granular sulfo or carboxyl cation exchangers of the type KU-2-8-hs or KB-ChP-2 in sodium or mixed sodium-hydrogen forms.  9. The filter load according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises anion exchange materials AB-17-8 or VION AC-1 or AC-3 in hydroxyl or polyiodide forms with their volumetric ratio to cation exchangers (1 0.5) ( 1 0.5).

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