RU2075298C1 - Method of preparing food for agriculture animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food production. SUBSTANCE: method involves mixing brewery waste and addition beer yeast autolyzate, sodium chloride and food chalk to the enriched food mixture. Components were mixed at the following ratio, wt.-% per dry matter: brewery dregs, 82.8; malt seedlings, 7.5; grain waste, 6.0; barley mixture, 0.7; aspiration and polishing waste, 0.5; beer yeast, 0.5; protein sediment, 0.3; hop dregs, 0.2; beer yeast autolyzate, 0.2; food chalk, 1.0; and sodium chloride, 0.3. Enriched food mixture can replace forage grain or mixed feed partially or completely and can make up 50% protein deficiency. EFFECT: improved method of preparing, enhanced effectiveness of food. 5 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the feeding of farm animals, in particular cattle and pigs, and can be used in the preparation of feed in the feed industry or directly in farms.

 It is known that the brewing industry waste contains a complex of nutrient, mineral and biologically active substances. As feed products, beer grains, brewer's yeast, and malt sprouts are widely used. The rest of the waste is less studied and used in feeding animals in limited quantities, and most often is dumped into the sewer network, polluting the environment (I.F. Draganov. Barda and beer pellet in feeding livestock and poultry. M. 1986, p. 89- 96; I.V. Petrukhin. Feed and feed additives. Handbook. M. 1989, pp. 174-176; P. Mazzocco. Lievito di birra liquido alimentazione zootechnica. Inform. Zootechn. 1987, v. 34, N 18, p 74-79; H. Stiewe. Bierterber bekommen Kuhen gut. Landwirtsch. Wochenblatt, 1988, B. 45, N 8, s. 36-37; C. Gardi. Trebbie di birra, alimento da valorizzare. Inform. Zootechn. 1991 , v. 38, No. 14, p. 49-51).

 Also known is the use in feeding animals of various complex feed mixtures from brewing waste and methods for their preparation (A.P. Kolpakchi, N.V. Golikova, O.V. Andreeva. Secondary material resources of brewing. M. 1986, p. 130-132 )

 In particular, the following recipe for the feed mixture from brewing waste (% on natural moisture) was proposed for animals: beer pellet 87.0, grain waste 6.0, malt sprouts 2.6, brewer's yeast 1.8, protein sludge 1.2 , grain alloy 0.7, hop hop 0.4, waste polishing grain - 0.3. 1 kg of dry matter of this feed contains 218 g of crude protein, 42 g of fat, 179 g of fiber, 34 g of crude ash, 3.6 g of calcium, 6.2 phosphorus, 0.84 feed units (B. M. Brandis. Use brewing waste in animal husbandry. Technological aspects of keeping and growing animals. Chisinau, 1986, pp. 84-90, prototype). However, this food contains insufficient amounts of calcium, sodium, B vitamins, free amino acids, peptides, easily digestible proteins, biostimulants and therefore cannot be used as a complete feed for animals.

 The purpose of the invention is to develop a universal enriched feed mixture for different types of farm animals from all brewing waste to increase productivity and reproductive function, prevent acid-base imbalance, calcium-phosphorus metabolism, the formation of red blood cells and hemoglobin, partial or complete replacement in feed rations of feed grain and feed , improving the environmental situation in the area where breweries are located and introducing non-waste beer production technology.

 The goal is achieved by preparing an enriched animal feed mixture (ACS) from brewing waste according to the recipe given in table. 1. The difference from the prototype is that the ACS includes an autolysate of brewer's yeast (TU 9291-002-29253495-94), a product of deep enzymatic hydrolysis of yeast proteins as a source of free amino acids, di- and tripeptides, easily digestible protein, vitamins of group B, various biostimulants. Due to the fact that brewing wastes are poor in sodium and calcium, the deficit of which is widespread in animal diets, sodium chloride and fodder chalk are included in the CCS. Salt also increases the appetite in animals and facilitates the course of acidosis, and chalk contributes to the normalization of calcium-phosphorus metabolism and the acid-base state in animals. Based on a comprehensive chemical analysis of all brewing wastes, their actual output at breweries, and taking into account the animal's need for nutrients, minerals, and biologically active substances, the norms for introducing components into ACS have been changed.

 ACS is prepared as follows. Beer pellet, dehydrated by a pulp trap or fed from the brewery brewing shop by pneumatic transport, enters the dehydrated pellet filling hopper, from where it is fed by a screw conveyor to the dosing feeder of wet components. Alloy from the malt shop and other wet components (brewer's yeast, protein sludge, hop hop) are delivered to the feeder tray by truck. The free end of the tray with two hydraulic cylinders rises up and the mass under its own weight is sent to the conveyor. The conveyor belt moving at a given speed pulls the mass to the bump bit, which makes the layer uniform. The remaining mass layer is conveyed by a scraper conveyor to the dryer drum of the Neris herbal flour preparation unit. Moving in the flow of coolant and mixing with it, the mass gradually dries. In the dryer drum, the selective drying principle is provided, i.e. particles having a large heat exchange surface and low weight dry faster and are carried away from the drum, while heavier particles and whole grains are in the drum until they dry completely. This ensures uniform drying of the product to a moisture content of 10-12% (loss of carotene is not more than 20%). Dry particles are carried by the heat carrier stream into a large cyclone, where they are separated from the heat carrier and through a lock gate and pneumatic divider are fed to hammer crushers.

 Dry components (malt sprouts, grain waste, suction and polishing waste, brewer's yeast autolysate) are fed to the workshop both by a pneumatic conveyor, directly to the metering hopper, and by road through the receiving hopper of dry components and a conveyor system. Mineral additives (salt and chalk) are fed into a separate bunker. Dispensers located under the hoppers make it possible to feed dry components in the required proportions directly to the pneumatic divider, where, mixed with the dried mass from a large cyclone, the combined mixture is crushed in hammer crushers.

 The crushed dry mass (particle size 0.5-3 mm) is sifted through a sieve and fed with a stream of air into a small cyclone, where it escapes from the air. Having passed the lock gates, the mass enters the auger of the agitator, which distributes it into bags or falls on granulation.

 Granulation is carried out by an OGN-1.5 press, consisting of a storage hopper, the press itself and a cooling column, in which non-standard granules and flour are separated from the finished product. She through the weighing device enters the storage hopper, where the shipment of ACS to the road transport.

ACS has the following chemical composition (per 1 kg of air-dry matter): feed units 0.86, crude protein 190 g, total energy 18.5 MJ, exchange energy for cattle 9.8 MJ, for pigs 11.3 MJ , crude fat 73 g, fiber 125 g, crude ash 45 g, ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid 12 g, calcium 7.3 g, phosphorus 5.7 g, magnesium 1.8 g, sodium 1.3 g potassium 4.4 g, sulfur 4.5 g, trace elements, mg: iron 310, copper 6, zinc 40, manganese 35, cobalt 0.5, iodine 0.17, amino acids, g: lysine 8.6, methionine 2.7 , cystine 2.8, tryptophan 2.0, threonine 8.7, aspartic acid 17.4, glutamic acid 48, serine 10.3, proline 19.8, glycine 8.5, alanine 9.8, valine 10.2, isoleucine 7.6, leucine 16.1, tyrosine 5.32, phenylalanine 11.3, histidine 4 ,5; arginine 11.6, fatty acids, mg: oleic 965, stearic 425, palmitic 310, linoleic 194, linolenic 9.0, margarine 7.4, behenic 2.2, caproic 1.8, myristic 1.5, eicosotriene 1, 1, caprylic 1.0, arachidine 1.0, heptyl, isocaprylic, capric, undecyl, lauric, tridecyl, myristoleic, pentadecyl, pentadecyloleic, palmitoleic, eicosotetraenic less than 1 mg, vitamins, E, mg: , B ₁ 2.1, B ₂ 0.7, B ₃ 1.2, B ₄ 1500, B ₅ 42, B ₆ 1.8, B _c 2.5, H 0.17, B ₁₂ 2.5 μg pollutants, harmful and toxic elements, mg: mercury 0.015, cadmium 0.35, pig q 0.75, fluorine 3.3, chromium 9.5, nickel 2.0, nitrates 25, arsenic, nitrites, organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides were not found. The content of regulated pollutants and toxic elements does not exceed the MPC. The buffer capacity of the ACS is 4.2 M HCl / kg, the pH of a 5% aqueous suspension of 6.4.

 The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

 Example 1. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, an experiment was conducted on young pigs of large white breed at a farm of the Taopin AO farm in the Tula Region. According to the principle of paired analogues, 4 groups of animals with 20 animals each were formed. Group 1 (control) received a diet consisting of a grain mixture (barley with oats) and the same amount of dried complex feed from brewing waste (1: 1) prepared according to the prototypes, as well as molasses, corn silage or green grass. In the diet of animals of groups II, III, and IV, 50, 75, and 100% of the grain mixture were replaced by granular ACS. The experiment lasted 5.5 months. They conducted a clinical examination of animals, taking into account feed intake, and piglets were periodically weighed. At the end of the experiment, a control slaughter of 3 heads from the group was performed.

 The main results of the experiment are given in table. 2. The inclusion in the grain mixture of 50% ACS with almost the same feed intake contributed to an increase in average daily growth of 11.3% compared with the prototype (P <0.05). When replacing 75% of the grain mixture with ACS, the increase increased by 13.1%, and with the complete replacement of feed grain by 21%, the feed rate was good in all groups, all animals were clinically healthy. When examining the carcasses, no abnormalities were found in the internal organs and lymph nodes. The amount of internal fat in all groups was almost the same. Slaughter yield in the experimental groups, especially in the fourth, significantly exceeded the control.

 Biochemical blood parameters are given in table. 3. The reserve alkalinity of the blood, characterizing the acid-base state of the body, was significantly higher in the experimental groups. Beer pellets, yeast and other brewing wastes have a slightly acidic reaction (pH about 6.0), so the addition of chalk (an alkaline pH 11.0 additive, with a large buffer capacity of 18 M HCl / kg) to the ACS had a beneficial effect on the maintenance of acid alkaline balance in animals.

 In the complex feed of the prototype low calcium content (3.6 g / kg) and the ratio of Ca: P is 0.6: 1 with a norm of 1.2 2.0: 1. In ACS, the calcium level is 2 times higher (7.3 g / kg) and the Ca: P ratio is 1.3: 1. In this regard, the proposed ACS contributed to a significant improvement in the phosphorus-calcium metabolism in the body of pigs. When including ACS in the diet, there is a clear tendency to increase the total protein content in the blood, and in group IV the difference is significant. ACS led to increased erythro- and hematopoiesis. The iron content in the diet of animals of groups I and II was essentially the same, and the level of hemoglobin and erythrocytes in the blood was significantly different. It is possible that the influence of biologically active substances contained in the brewer's yeast autolysate was manifested here. By the number of leukocytes, no difference was found.

 Example 2. The second experiment was conducted in the same farm on sows. According to the principle of paired analogues, two groups of single sows of 10 animals each were formed. Control animals received compound feed (single and pregnant compound feed P53.1-89, suckling P54.1-89), and in the experimental group half of the feed was replaced by ACS. Tests began after covering sows. Pregnant uterus received 1.5-2 kg of ACS, lactating 2-2.5 kg and the same amount of feed. The experiment lasted 5 months. Controlled feed intake, animal health, farrowing and the development of piglets.

The results of the experiment are given in table. 4. Replacing 50% of the ACS compound feed had a positive effect on the reproductive function of sows. Significantly more piglets were born in the experimental group (112.1%), and they were larger on average by 100 g (108.4%). At the age of one month, piglets were taken away from the uterus of the experimental group by 15.5% more than in the control, and their live weight was higher by 21.6% (P <0.05). The safety of the sucking piglets of the experimental group exceeded the control by 2.6%
Example 3. To further confirm the effectiveness of the ACS, an experiment was conducted on cows of black-motley breed in JSC Rodina, Borovsky district, Kaluga region. After calving, we selected two groups of cows of 60 animals each with a productivity of about 3,000 kg of milk and a fat content of milk of 3.2-3.4% for the previous lactation. Group I animals (control) received a ration consisting of 2 kg of cereal hay in the stall period, 2 kg of barley straw, 15 kg of haylage or silage, 2-4 kg of concentrates (mainly barley), beets, mineral additives.

 In the summer, animals grazed on a pasture and received in addition to grass 2-4 kg of grain mixture, depending on productivity. Cows of group II received the same diet, only instead of the grain mixture 2-4 kg of ACS were obtained, and mineral additives (chalk, salt) were not used.

 The following results were obtained. Out of 12 months of experience, the yield of cows was 2500 and 2875 kg, the fat content of milk was 3.3% and 3.45%, the service period was 126 and 95 days in groups I and II. In the experimental group receiving ACS, no abnormalities were found in the behavior of animals and the state of health. Therefore, the inclusion of ACS in the diet of cows instead of feed grain contributed to an increase in milk yield by 15% milk fat by 0.15 abs. and significantly improved the reproductive function of animals.

 Example 4. The following experiment was carried out in the same farm on black-motley bulls during periods of rearing and fattening (6-18 months). Of the 40 six-month-old calves, two groups of 20 animals each were formed with an average live weight of 148-150 kg. Group I (control) in the winter period received a diet consisting of 1.5-4.0 kg of cereal hay, 0.5-2.0 kg of straw, 2-20 kg of corn silage, 1.5-3.0 kg of their own concentrates (a mixture of barley with oats) and 25-60 g of table salt. In the summer, animals received green grass, concentrates and salt. Group II animals (experimental) received the same feed, but instead of concentrates, ACS was introduced into the diet (from 1.5 to 3.0 kg, depending on the age of the animals). The experiment lasted 12 months. Throughout the experiment, control over feed intake and animal health was carried out. At the end of the experiment, a control slaughter of 3 heads from the group was performed.

 The inclusion of ACS in the diet instead of feed grains led to an increase in body weight gain by 56.4 kg or 22% with the same level of feed intake. The yield of internal fat increased slightly, and the slaughter yield by 2.3%. Experimental animals exceeded the control in terms of pulp yield by 1 kg of bones, which is primarily associated with improved protein nutrition conditions of gobies and more intense formation of muscle tissue (Table 5) .

 Thus, the proposed ACS, consisting of all brewing waste, brewer's yeast autolysate, feed chalk and salt, is a valuable feed product. It contains 190 g of crude and 150 g of digested protein, 18.5 MJ of total and 10-11 MJ of metabolic energy, 0.86 feed. units per 1 kg of product with a moisture content of 10-12% is rich in essential amino acids (lysine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine, etc.), fatty acids (linoleic, linolenic, oleic, stearic, palmitic), calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, trace elements , vitamins and other biostimulants. In terms of protein and essential amino acids, ACS is superior to barley and approaches peas. The level of pollutants, harmful and toxic elements does not exceed the MPC.

 Long-term experiments (on cows and gobies during the year, on sows and fattened pigs during the full production cycle) showed that the use of ACS in feeding young cattle and pigs instead of grain mixtures increases the growth rate by 10-20% improves the quality of meat and efficiency of feeding . ACS normalizes the acid-base state, phosphorus-calcium metabolism, stimulates erythro- and hematopoiesis in the body of animals regarding the use of the feed mixture from brewing waste according to the prototype.

 The inclusion of ACS in the diets of cows instead of concentrates contributes to an increase in milk productivity up to 15% milk fat by 0.15 abs. and significantly improves reproductive function. Replacing 50% of the ACS compound feed has a positive effect on the reproductive function of sows, the safety and development of suckling pigs, while the yield of business piglets is increased by 15%. Preparation of feed by the proposed method allows the introduction of non-waste beer production technology and significantly improves the environmental situation in the brewery's location .

Claims (1)

A method of preparing feed for farm animals, comprising mixing brewing waste of beer grains, malt sprouts, grain waste, barley alloy, suction and polishing waste, brewer's yeast, protein sludge, hop hop, characterized in that the brewer's yeast autolysate is additionally introduced into the resulting mixture, feed chalk and salt, mixing the components is carried out in the following proportions, wt. on dry matter:
Beer pellet 82.8
7.5 malt sprouts
Cereal Waste 6.0
Barley Alloy 0.7
Aspirating and polishing waste 0.5
Brewer's Yeast 0.5
Protein sludge 0.3
Hop pellet 0.2
Brewer's Yeast Autolysate 0.2
Feed chalk 1.0
Salt 0.3
then the components are dried to a moisture content of 10 12%, crushed to a particle size of 0.5 to 3.0 mm, sieved and granulated.

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