RU2063051C1 - Device for measuring phase and amplitude of radio signal - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: instruments for geophysical investigations. SUBSTANCE: device has measuring unit, two low-frequency oscillators, two commutators-generators, three switches, three transceiver antennas, two master oscillators, two power amplifiers, two receivers, two phase-amplitude detectors, solving unit, relay unit, unit for automatic phase adjustment. EFFECT: increased precision due to automatic detection of conditions when measuring errors are greater than pre-set values. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to measuring equipment and is intended for use in geophysical research, in geodesy as part of measuring systems.

 A device for measuring the amplitude and phase of a radio signal, comprising a measuring unit consisting of a serially connected master oscillator, a power amplifier, an antenna switch connected to a transceiver antenna, a receiver and an amplitude-phase meter, the second input of which is connected to the second output of the master oscillator, as well as a low-frequency generator and located between the output of the low-frequency generator and the second inputs of the antenna switch, commutator-shaper, the second outputs which is connected to the second inputs of the power amplifier, and a radiator containing a serially connected master oscillator, a power amplifier, an antenna switch connected to a transceiver antenna, a receiver and an automatic phase adjustment unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the master oscillator, and also located between the second the input of the automatic phase adjustment block and the second inputs of the antenna switch are connected in series to the low-frequency generator and the switch-former, the second outputs which are connected to a power amplifier, and the third to the receiver, and located between the second output of the master oscillator and the second input of the automatic phase adjustment unit, an amplitude-phase meter, the second input of which is connected to the second output of the receiver / autowork. USSR N 734592, class G 01 V 3/12, 1977 /.

 The disadvantage of this device is the low accuracy due to the fact that in practice due to reflections from underlying surfaces, there are areas in which the error in measuring the information parameters of radio signals unacceptably increases.

 The technical task of the invention is to increase the measurement accuracy.

 To do this, in a device for measuring the amplitude and phase of a radio signal containing a measuring unit and a repeater, while the measuring unit contains a series-connected low-frequency generator, a switch-driver, a switch connected to a transceiver antenna, and also contains a master oscillator, a power amplifier, the receiver, the amplitude-phase meter, the first input connected to the first output of the master oscillator, and the second input to the receiver, the input of which is connected to the switch, the first input is amplified the power amplifier is connected to the second output of the master oscillator, and the second input to the second output of the driver-shaper, the output of the power amplifier is connected to the second input of the switch, the repeater contains a series-connected block of automatic phase adjustment, a low-frequency generator, a driver-shaper, the first switch connected to the first transceiver antenna, a master oscillator, a power amplifier, a receiver, an amplitude-phase meter, the first input of which is connected to the first output of the master gene the second input with the first output of the receiver, the output of the amplitude-phase meter is connected to the first input of the automatic phase adjustment unit, the input of the master oscillator is connected to the second outputs of the automatic phase adjustment block, and the second output of the master oscillator is connected to a power amplifier, the output of which is connected to the first switch, and the second input with the second output of the shaper-switch, the second output of the receiver is connected to the second input of the automatic phase adjustment unit, the first input of the receiver is connected to the first nth switch, and the second input with the third output of the shaper switch, an indicator and a decision block are introduced into the measuring unit, the input of which is connected to the outputs of the amplitude-phase meter, and the output is with an indicator input, while the third output of the switch-shaper of the measuring unit is connected to the third the input of the amplitude-phase meter of the measuring unit, and a second transceiver antenna and a second switch are introduced into the repeater, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the repeater receiver, and the second with a second transceiver antenna, the first input of the second repeater switch is connected to the repeater power amplifier, and the second input is the fifth output of the repeater switch-shaper, the fourth output of which is connected to the third inputs of the amplitude-phase repeater meter.

 The introduction of these nodes with the described relationships allows to increase the measurement accuracy due to the automatic determination of zones with increased error.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

 The device comprises a measuring unit 1, consisting of a series-connected low-frequency generator 2, a commutator-shaper 3, a switch 4 connected to a transceiver antenna 5, and also contains a master oscillator 6, a power amplifier 7, a receiver 8, an amplitude-phase meter 9 , decision block 10 and indicator 11.

 The device according to the invention also includes a relay 12 connected to the measuring unit 1, comprising a phase 13 automatic adjustment unit, a low-frequency generator 14, a shaper-switch 15, a first switch 16 connected to the first transceiver antenna 17, and also contains an amplitude a phase meter 18, a master oscillator 19, a power amplifier 20, a receiver 21, a second switch 22, a second transceiver antenna 23.

 The amplitude-phase meter 9 with the first input is connected to the first output of the master oscillator 6, and the second input with a receiver 8, the input of which is connected to the switch 4, the first input of the power amplifier 7 is connected to the second output of the master oscillator 6, and the second input with the second output of the switch shaper 3, the output of the power amplifier 7 is connected to the second input of the switch 4, the input of the deciding unit 10 is connected to the output of the amplitude-phase meter 9, and the output to the input of the indicator 11.

 The amplitude-phase meter 18 is connected to the first input of the first output of the master oscillator 19, and the second input to the first output of the receiver 21, the output of the amplitude-phase meter 18 is connected to the first input of the automatic phase adjustment block 13, the master generator 19 is connected to the second output of the automatic block tuning phase 13, and the second output with a power amplifier 20, the output of the power amplifier 20 is connected to the first switch 16, the second input with the second output of the switch-driver 15. The second output of the receiver 21 is connected to the second the input of the automatic phase adjustment block 13, the first input of the receiver 21 is connected to the first switch 16, and the second input to the third output of the shaper-switch 15. The second switch 22 is connected by the output to the first inputs of the receiver 21, with the transceiver antenna 23, inputs with an amplifier power 20 and with the fourth output of the switch shaper 15.

 The device operates as follows.

 The master oscillator 6 generates a continuous harmonic signal with a frequency f, which is supplied to the power amplifier 7. The low-frequency generator 2 generates a continuous signal with a frequency F, which is fed to the switch-driver 3, which generates control signals for the amplifier 7, switch 4, amplitude-phase meter nine.

. В течение второго интервала

усилитель мощности 7 сигналом от коммутатора-формирователя 3 переводится в режим излучения пониженной мощности, вход приемника 8 подключается к приемо-передающей антенне 5.In the power amplifier 7, the signal is amplified from the master oscillator 6 to the required value and the output of the radio pulse signal is generated under the influence of the control signal from the switch-driver 3. The radio pulse signal from the power amplifier 7, passing through switch 4, is radiated into the space by the transceiver antenna 5 over time

. During the second interval

the power amplifier 7 signal from the switch-shaper 3 is transferred to the radiation mode of reduced power, the input of the receiver 8 is connected to the transceiver antenna 5.

Понижение уровня сигнала, поступающего от усилителя мощности 7, осуществляется до уровня, исключающего искажения в приемнике 8. В течение времени

, когда измерительный блок 1 излучает в пространство сигнал пониженной мощности, в амплитудно-фазовом измерителе 9 осуществляется измерение фазового сдвига Φ₁ между сигналом от задающего генератора 6 и сигналом с выхода приемника 8, равного внутреннему фазовому набегу в измерительном блоке 1, величина которого запоминается в амплитудно-фазовом измерителе 9. Сигнал, излучаемый в пространство измерительным блоком 1 в течение времени

, пройдя через среду распространения, принимается первой приемо-передающей антенной 17 ретранслятора 12 и через первый переключатель 16 поступает на вход приемника 21. С выходов приемника 21 усиленный сигнал под воздействием управляющих сигналов от коммутатора-формирователя 15 поступает на амплитудно-фазовый измеритель 18, на второй вход которого подается непрерывный гармонический сигнал частотой f от задающего генератора 19, либо на блок автоматической подстройки фазы 13. Блок автоматической подстройки фазы 13, содержащий синхронные детекторы, обеспечивает формирование управляющего сигнала под воздействием высокочастотной составляющей принимаемого сигнала для подстройки задающего генератора 19 с точностью до фазы. В блоке автоматической подстройки фазы 13 под воздействием низкочастотной составляющей (огибающей) принимаемого сигнала также формируется сигнал синхронизации генератора 14 низкой частоты F, обеспечивающий синхронизацию выходных сигналов коммутатора-формирователя 15 ретранслятора 12 под сигналы коммутатора-формирователя 3 измерительного блока 1. Коммутатор-формирователь 15 служит для формирования сигналов управления усилителем 20 мощности, первым и вторым переключателями 16 и 22 приемником 21, амплитудно-фазовым измерителем 18.

The decrease in the level of the signal from the power amplifier 7 is carried out to a level that eliminates distortion in the receiver 8. Over time

when the measuring unit 1 emits a reduced power signal into space, the amplitude-phase meter 9 measures the phase shift Φ ₁ between the signal from the master oscillator 6 and the signal from the output of the receiver 8, which is equal to the internal phase shift in the measuring unit 1, the value of which is stored in amplitude-phase meter 9. The signal radiated into space by the measuring unit 1 over time

having passed through the propagation medium, it is received by the first transceiver antenna 17 of the relay 12 and through the first switch 16 is fed to the input of the receiver 21. From the outputs of the receiver 21, the amplified signal under the influence of control signals from the switch-driver 15 is fed to the amplitude-phase meter 18, the second input of which is supplied by a continuous harmonic signal of frequency f from the master oscillator 19, or to the automatic phase adjustment unit 13. The automatic phase adjustment unit 13, containing synchronous detectors, provides the formation of a control signal under the influence of the high-frequency component of the received signal to fine-tune the master oscillator 19 up to a phase. In the block of automatic adjustment of phase 13, under the influence of the low-frequency component (envelope) of the received signal, a synchronization signal of the low-frequency generator 14 F is also generated, which ensures synchronization of the output signals of the switch-driver 15 of the relay 12 to the signals of the switch-driver 3 of the measuring unit 1. The switch-driver 15 serves for generating control signals of the power amplifier 20, the first and second switches 16 and 22 of the receiver 21, the amplitude-phase meter 18.

, поступает на вход усилителя мощности 20. В усилителе мощности 20 осуществляется усиление сигнала до необходимой величины и формирование выходного радиоимпульсного сигнала под воздействием управляющего сигнала от коммутатора-формирователя 15. Радиоимпульсный сигнал от усилителя мощности 20, пройдя через первый переключатель 16, излучается в пространство первой приемо-передающей антенной 17 в течение времени

.The harmonic signal of the master oscillator 19 with a frequency, the f phase of which is adjusted by the control signal from the automatic phase adjustment block 13 to the phase of the received signal repeater 12 over time

, is fed to the input of the power amplifier 20. In the power amplifier 20, the signal is amplified to the required value and the output radio pulse signal is generated under the influence of the control signal from the shaper-switch 15. The radio pulse signal from the power amplifier 20, passing through the first switch 16, is radiated into the space of the first transceiver antenna 17 over time

.

усилитель мощности 20 сигналом от коммутатора-формирователя 15 переводится в режим излучения пониженной мощности, а приемник 21 подключается к первой приемо-передающей антенне 17.

.During the second interval

the power amplifier 20, the signal from the switch-shaper 15 is transferred to the radiation mode of reduced power, and the receiver 21 is connected to the first transceiver antenna 17.

.

, когда ретранслятор 12 излучает в пространство сигнал пониженной мощности, в амплитудно-фазовом измерителе 18 измеряется фазовый сдвиг ψ₁ между сигналом от задающего генератора 19 и сигналом с выхода приемника 21, равный внутреннему фазовому набегу в ретрансляторе 12 и соответствующий сумме фазовых сдвигов сигналов в усилителе 20 мощности, первом переключателе 16, приемнике 21, задающем генераторе 19. Величина измеренного фазового сдвига ψ₁ засылается в ячейку памяти блока автоматической подстройки фазы 13 и в последующем вычитается из общей фазы Φ_вых1 принимаемого за время

сигнала, навязываемой при ретрансляции задающему генератору 19. Таким образом сигнал, поступающий с выхода задающего генератора 19 на усилитель мощности 20 и излучаемый в пространство первой приемо-передающей антенной 17 в течение времени

имеет фазовый сдвиг Φ_р1=Φ_вых1-ψ₁, равный фазовому сдвигу Φ_р1 сигнала, принимаемого ретранслятором 12 в течение времени

, и не содержит фазовых набегов,обусловленных аппаратурой ретранслятора 12. Пройдя вторично через среду распространения, сигнал ретранслятора 12 поступает в измерительный блок 1, принимается приемо-передающей антенной 5, через переключатель 4, приемник 8 поступает на амплитудно-фазовый измеритель 9.For a time

when the relay 12 emits a reduced power signal into space, the phase shift ψ ₁ between the signal from the master oscillator 19 and the signal from the output of the receiver 21 is measured in the amplitude-phase meter 18, which is equal to the internal phase shift in the relay 12 and corresponding to the sum of the phase shifts of the signals in the amplifier 20 power, the first switch 16, the receiver 21, the master oscillator 19. The value of the measured phase shift ψ ₁ sent into a unit memory cell of the phase locked loop 13 and subsequently subtracted from the total F s Φ _OuT.1 received during

the signal imposed upon relaying to the master oscillator 19. Thus, the signal from the output of the master oscillator 19 to the power amplifier 20 and radiated into the space by the first transceiver antenna 17 over time

has a phase shift Φ _p1 = Φ _output1 -ψ ₁ equal to the phase shift Φ _{p1 of the} signal received by the relay 12 over time

, and does not contain phase incursions due to the equipment of the repeater 12. Having passed a second time through the propagation medium, the signal of the repeater 12 enters the measuring unit 1, is received by the transceiver antenna 5, through the switch 4, the receiver 8 enters the amplitude-phase meter 9.

In the amplitude-phase meter 9, the amplitude C1 and the phase Φ _{in1 of the} received signal are _measured . In the amplitude-phase meter 9, the value of the previously measured phase shift Φ ₁ (Φ _{and 1} = Φ _{in1 -Φ 1} ) is subtracted from the obtained value of the phase shift of the input signal Φ _in1 . In the phase shift Φ _{and 1,} the own hardware phase incursions of the measuring unit 1 and the relay 12 are completely excluded, and the value of the amplitude C1 and the phase shift Φ _{and 1 of the} signal transmitted twice through the medium under study are equal to the delay time of the radio waves at the receiving point with respect to the moment of their emission, used as interpretation parameters in geoelectric studies by radio wave transmission.

 In this case, phase measurement errors caused by phase instability from time and the influence of destabilizing factors (temperature, changes in supply voltage, etc.) on the nodes of the measuring unit 1 and relay 12 are automatically excluded from the results of phase measurements.

имеет фазовый сдвиг Φ_р2=Φ_вых2-ψ₂ и не содержит фазовых набегов ψ₂,обусловленных аппаратурой ретранслятора в интервале работы Т_р2.In accordance with the above description, during the time intervals T _{and 2} , T _p2 , signals are transmitted and received by the transmit-receive antenna 5 of the measuring unit 1 and the second transmit-receive antenna 23 of the relay 12. In this case, the signal from the output of the master oscillator 19 to the power amplifier 20 and radiated into space by a second transceiver antenna 23 over time

has a phase shift Φ _p2 = Φ _out2 -ψ ₂ and does not contain phase incursions ψ ₂ due to the repeater equipment in the operating interval T _p2 .

, а затем из полученной величины фазового сдвига входного сигнала Φ_вх2 вычитается величина измеренного ранее фазового сдвига Φ₁ (Φ_и2=Φ_вх2-Φ₁).In the amplitude-phase meter 9 of the measuring unit 1, the amplitude C2 and the phase Φ _{in2 of the} received signal are _measured in the time interval T _p2

and then the value of the previously measured phase shift Φ ₁ (Φ _{and 2} = Φ _{in2 -Φ 1} ) is subtracted from the obtained value of the phase shift of the input signal Φ _in2 .

In the phase shift Φ _{and 2,} the own hardware phase incursions of the measuring unit 1 and relay 12 are completely excluded; the values of the amplitude C2 and phase shift Φ _{and 2 of the} signal transmitted twice through the medium under study can be used as interpretation parameters in geoelectric studies. The measured values C1, Φ _{and 1 /} , C2, Φ _{and 2} from the amplitude-phase meter 9 are entered in the decision block 10 for analysis of the results.

However, the second transceiver antenna 23 is located at a distance l from the first transceiver antenna 17 of the retrosulator 12 and is connected to the second switch 22 through an antenna feeder of length l ₂ and the first antenna 17 is connected to the first switch 16 through an antenna feeder of length l ₁ , where l ₁ , l _{2 are the} electrical lengths of the feeders connecting the outputs of the switches 16 and 22 with the corresponding antennas 17 and 23.

For the operation of the device in the deciding unit 10 in the initial installation mode, numbers codes are entered from outside that respectively determine the electrical length of the feeder l ₁ , the distance between the antennas 17 and 23 and the electrical length of the feeder l ₂ . The distance l by which the antennas 17 and 23 should be spaced apart for the purpose of automatically determining zones with increased measurement error depends on the height of the antennas of the measuring unit and the relay above the ground, on the operating frequency range of the device, on the nature of the underlying surface, on the distance between measuring unit and repeater. In this case, the magnitudes of the modulus and the argument of the reflection coefficient vary widely. In practice, it is advisable to choose a distance l of several wavelengths (λ), since at l≈ λ there is a mutual influence of the antennas on each other, and at l> 10λ it is practically difficult to work with the device during deployment.

характеризует снижение точности измерения устройством за счет возникновения отражений излучаемых сигналов от подстилающей поверхности, что приводит к потере работоспособности устройства. Здесь ΔΦ_o предельное значение погрешности измерения фазового сдвига данным устройством.In decision block 10, the values of v _{and 1} and Φ _{and 2 are} compared. Condition

characterizes a decrease in the accuracy of measurement by the device due to the occurrence of reflections of the emitted signals from the underlying surface, which leads to a loss of operability of the device. Here ΔΦ _{o is the} limit value of the error in the measurement of the phase shift by this device.

Under the condition l ₁ l ₂ , r ₁ ≈ r _{2, the} quantity ΔΦ _o will be determined by the random component of the phase shift error, where: r ₁ and r _{2 are the} distances between the antenna 5 of the measuring unit 1 and the antennas 17, 23 of the relay 12, respectively.

 The received information is displayed from the decisive block 10 on the indicator 11.

The duration of the operation cycle of the device TC is selected so that during the action of the radio pulse in the repeater 12 and in the measuring unit 1, the phase self-tuning of the master oscillator 19 and the phase measurement in the amplitude-phase meters 9 and 18 are in time. T _c T _{and 1} + T _p1 + T _u2 + T _p2 .

 Thus, the introduction of the decision block 10 and the indicator 11 into the measuring unit 1, the second switch 22 with the transceiver antenna 23 at least into the repeater 12 and the corresponding connections allows to increase the accuracy of measuring information parameters by automatically determining the conditions under which the measurement errors exceed the specified values, which increases the reliability of the measurement of information parameters. A second switch and a second transceiver antenna spaced a distance l from the first antenna can also be introduced into the measuring unit. In this case, the device operates as described, and the cycle of TC increases by time intervals for the operation of the measuring unit 1 with its second transceiver antenna.

Claims (1)

 A device for measuring the amplitude and phase of a radio signal containing a measuring unit and a repeater, the measuring unit comprising a series-connected low-frequency generator, a switch-driver, a switch connected to a transceiver antenna, as well as a master oscillator, power amplifier, receiver, amplitude-phase meter the first input of which is connected to the first output of the master oscillator, and the second input to the output of the receiver, the input of which is connected to the switch, the first input of the power amplifier and connected to the second output of the master oscillator, and the second input to the second output of the switch-driver, the output of the power amplifier is connected to the second input of the switch, the relay contains a series-connected block of automatic phase adjustment, a low frequency generator, a switch-driver, the first switch connected to the first transceiver antenna, master oscillator, power amplifier, receiver, amplitude-phase meter, the first input of which is connected to the first output of the master oscillator, and watts a swarm input with the first output of the receiver, the output of the amplitude-phase meter is connected to the first input of the automatic phase adjustment block, the input of the master oscillator is connected to the second output of the automatic phase adjustment block, and the second output of the master oscillator is connected to a power amplifier, the output of which is connected to the first switch, and the second input with the second output of the shaper-switch, the second output of the receiver is connected to the second input of the automatic phase adjustment unit, the first input of the receiver is connected to the first switch the element, and the second input with the third output of the shaper switch, characterized in that the measuring unit further comprises an indicator and a decision block, the input of which is connected to the output of the amplitude-phase meter of the measuring unit, and the output with the indicator input, while the third output of the shaper switch the measuring unit is connected to the third input of the amplitude-phase meter of the measuring unit, and the repeater further comprises a second transceiver antenna and a second switch, the first output of which It is connected with the first input of the repeater receiver, and the second with the second transceiver antenna, the first input of the second repeater switch is connected to the repeater power amplifier, and the second input is with the fifth output of the repeater-shaper switch, the fourth output of which is connected to the third input of the amplitude-phase repeater meter.