RU2059329C1 - Ferromagnetic exploded-wire electric-pulse generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: off-line exploded-wire sources for producing initial energy sources feeding exploded-wire magnetic generators and devices requiring electric pulse energy. SUBSTANCE: cylindrical shock wave shaper produces cylindrical shock wave acting on coaxially arranged core with set of radial plates, demagnetixing and displacing magnetic flux that shapes electric pulse in helical winding. EFFECT: enlarged functional capabilities. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to pulsed explosive technology, in particular to explosive sources that can be used in experimental and technical physics as pulsed current sources.

 Known self-contained explosive generator [1] containing the compression cavity of the magnetic flux, limited and electrically connected to each other at the input of the generator by a conductive bus and cylindrical conductors with explosive charges. Permanent magnets made of magnetodielectric adjacent to the tires and cylindrical conductors. Permanent magnets are made in the form of trapezoidal prisms and are arranged alternately relative to the compression cavities placed radially in the gaps of the magnets. The tires and the outer surfaces of the permanent magnets form a cylindrical surface of the generator.

 The disadvantage of this generator is the limitation on the inductance of the class of loads used, determined by the design of the generator. Due to the use of non-energy-intensive barium permanent magnets, the initial and, therefore, output energy is low.

 Closest to the invention is a ferromagnetic explosive electric pulse generator [2] containing a ferromagnetic core, a shock wave shaper (FWW) with an initiation system and a winding with leads to the load. The ferromagnetic core is made of flat washers of a ferromagnet isolated among themselves. The flat shock wave former is positioned so that the direction of the shock wave is perpendicular to the plane of the core sheets. The winding is made in the form of a single turn, covering the annular core. When a shock wave enters a ferromagnet, it is demagnetized and, according to the law of conservation of magnetic flux, a current pulse appears in the generator winding.

 However, the prototype has an insufficient level of energy removal per unit volume due to the heterogeneity of the magnetic field in the core created by the winding with a limited number of turns. The location of the plates in the core perpendicular to the direction of impact of the shock wave and the presence of insulation from a fluoroplastic film of 30 μm between the plates leads to a rapid attenuation of the shock wave in the core, which leads to a limitation of the core volume and a decrease in the energy output of the generator. In the prototype, the working winding, from which the output pulse is removed, is single-turn, which leads to the operation of this generator only for low inductive loads.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the energy removal and expansion of the class of used loads.

 To do this, in a ferromagnetic explosive electric pulse generator containing a ferromagnetic core, a shock wave shaper with an initiation system and a winding with leads to a load, a shock wave shaper (FSW), the core and winding are made cylindrical and arranged coaxially, the FSW initiation system is located on the axis of the generator, moreover, the FUV is located inside the ferromagnetic core with a radial set of plates, and the winding is helical and located on the outer surface of the core.

(1) где Н напряженность магнитного поля;
I ток в обмотке с нагрузкой;
r расстояние от оси тороида.The core and winding in the prototype are made in the form of a toroid. When the core is demagnetized by a shock wave, a current appears in the circuit of the output winding and load, which creates a magnetic field equal to
H

(1) where H is the magnetic field strength;
I current in the winding with a load;
r distance from the axis of the toroid.

(2) где Φ_o магнитный поток в сердечнике;
L индуктивность тороида.The energy in the toroidal winding of the generator is
E

(2) where Φ _{o is the} magnetic flux in the core;
L inductance of a toroid.

•

K•

(3) где V_ф объем ферромагнетика;
r₁, r₂ внутренний и наружный радиусы тороида соответственно.The energy removal from a unit of a demagnetizable ferromagnet is
E ₁ =

•

K •

(3) where V _{f is the} volume of the ferromagnet;
r ₁ , r _{2 are the} inner and outer radii of the toroid, respectively.

The value of K depends only on the ratio r ₂ / r _{1 of the} toroid and always K <1. For r ₂ / r ₁ = 5 K = 0.8, r ₂ / r ₁ = 10, K = 0.7.

Thus, in the prototype, the removal of energy from a unit volume of a ferromagnet is always less than the value N $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{o}}$ / 8 π.

(4)
Из формулы (4) видно, что съем энергии с единицы объема ферромагнетика в предлагаемом генераторе выше, чем в прототипе. Так как генератор-прототип имеет одновитковую обмотку, то работать он может только на низкоиндуктивную нагрузку. Это видно из формулы (2). С увеличением индуктивности нагрузки энергия в генераторе уменьшается. Если вместо нагрузки с индуктивностью L нГн подключить нагрузку с индуктивностью L мкГн, то величина энергии генератора уменьшится в 1000 раз. В предлагаемом генераторе обмотка наматывается в виде спирали непосредственно на сердечник генератора. Число витков обмотки зависит от индуктивности нагрузки. С увеличением индуктивности нагрузки число витков обмотки увеличивается. Следовательно, магнитный поток в обмотке также растет, но при этом энергия в генераторе не уменьшается, как в прототипе, а определяется только объемом ферромагнетика и не зависит от индуктивности нагрузки.In the proposed generator, when the core is demagnetized, a current arises in the winding, which creates a uniform magnetic field. The energy in the winding is
E ₂ = V _f •

(4)
From the formula (4) it is seen that the removal of energy from a unit volume of a ferromagnet in the proposed generator is higher than in the prototype. Since the prototype generator has a single-turn winding, it can only work on a low inductive load. This can be seen from formula (2). With increasing load inductance, the energy in the generator decreases. If instead of a load with an inductance L nH, a load with an inductance L μH is connected, then the generator energy will decrease by a factor of 1000. In the proposed generator, the winding is wound in the form of a spiral directly on the generator core. The number of turns of the winding depends on the inductance of the load. With increasing inductance of the load, the number of turns of the winding increases. Therefore, the magnetic flux in the winding also increases, but the energy in the generator does not decrease, as in the prototype, but is determined only by the volume of the ferromagnet and does not depend on the inductance of the load.

 The shock wave shaper is located inside the core, and a spiral winding on its outer surface. Due to this arrangement, the shock wave does not affect the winding until the entire volume of the ferromagnet is destroyed.

 The advantage of the cylindrical shape of the core with a radial set of plates over others is that when it is used, a dense packing of ferromagnetic material is obtained without additional structural elements located between the shock wave shaper and the core, which contributes to a more effective shock wave action, and the winding is placed directly on the core reduces output energy loss.

 The coaxial arrangement of the HFW with the help of the FS allows initiating the explosive charge with one electric detonator placed on the axis of the generator. The coaxial arrangement of the FCF of the core and winding makes the design of the generator simple, technologically advanced, with tight packing of the core plates and highly efficient use of explosive charge, which contributes to an increase in energy removal.

 Varying the magnitude of the charge of the FIW, the core volume and the number of turns of the winding, it is easy to match the generator with inductive or capacitive loads in a wide range.

 The drawing shows the proposed ferromagnetic explosive electric pulse generator.

 The ferromagnetic explosive generator of the electric pulse contains a ferromagnetic core 1, a shaper 2 of a cylindrical shock wave with an initiation system 3 and a winding 4 with terminals 5 to the load. Shock wave shaper 2, core 1 and winding 4 are made cylindrical and arranged coaxially. The system 3 for initiating the shaper 2 of the shock wave is located on the axis of the proposed generator. The shock wave shaper 2 is located inside the core 1 with a radial set of plates. The winding 4 is made spiral and is located on the outer surface of the core 1. In addition, the proposed generator contains a cylindrical element 6, which is a short-circuited coil, magnetic cores 7 and 8 and a permanent magnet 9. For the formation of a cylindrical shock wave is used FUV with a focusing system 10.

 Ferromagnetic explosive electric pulse generator operates as follows.

 With the help of a permanent magnet 9, magnetization of core 1 is carried out through magnetic cores 7 and 8. When an electric pulse is applied to the electric detonator, it initiates a charge of the explosive focusing system (FS) 10. The explosion products accelerate the walls of the conical liners of the FS, flying simultaneously to the inner surface of the cylindrical charge of the shock former 2 the waves. The charge is undermined and a diverging cylindrical detonation wave is formed in it. Under the action of the explosion products, a diverging cylindrical shock wave arises in the core, demagnetizing the ferromagnet. The released magnetic flux forms an electrical impulse in the winding 4, which is transmitted through the terminals 5 to the load.

In a specific embodiment, the ferromagnetic generator consists of a shaper of a diverging cylindrical shock wave (FC), a ferromagnetic cylindrical core with a winding and a magnetization system. The shock demagnetization of the FMG core is carried out using a charge explosion with an external and internal diameter of 57.8 mm and 32 mm, respectively, with a height of 24 mm, located between duralumin conical bases and cylinder 6. To form a diverging cylindrical detonation wave in the FUV charge 2, a focusing system 10 consisting of two conical liners of AMts with a wall thickness of 0.3 mm, 12.5 mm and an apex angle of the cone ^of 20 43 'and the explosive charge disposed between liners and conical bases. A cylinder 6 with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm is a short-circuited coil, which prevents the exit of magnetic lines of force into the generator. It is also the core framework 1.

 Core 1 consists of insulated plates (25x5x0.1-0.3). The core 1 is magnetized by twelve samarium-cobalt magnets 9 with dimensions 20x18x5 using a steel ring magnetic core 7 with twelve faces on the periphery, divided by sections into twelve sectors, and twelve steel elements 8 of the magnetic circuit, closing the magnetic circuits of each of the twelve blocks of core plates 1.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed generator has increased energy removal from a unit volume by 1.7 times. In the prototype, the energy removal from 1 cm ³ is 0.23 J, and in the proposed generator 0.4 J from 1 cm ³ .

Claims (1)

 A FERROMAGNETIC EXPLOSIVE ELECTRIC PULSE GENERATOR containing a ferromagnetic core, a shock wave shaper with an initiation system and a winding with load terminals, characterized in that, in order to increase the energy removal and expand the class of loads used, the shock wave shaper, core and coil are made cylindrical , the initiation system of the shock wave former is located on the axis of the generator, wherein the shock wave former is located inside the core, nnogo as a radial set of plates, and winding is formed as a helix and located on the outer surface of the core.

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