RU2055231C1 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine engineering. SUBSTANCE: engine is provided with a reservoir for water. The reservoir is connected with evaporators, heat exchanger, expansion machine, and inlet manifold of the engine through controller and pipe lines. The evaporators are mounted on the outlet manifold of the engine. The heat exchanger is mounted inside the outlet manifold. A spacer is interposed between the carburetor and inlet manifold. The spacer serves for optimum batching of fuel supply into the engine and has controllable flowing section. Water is evaporated in the evaporator. The vapor is heated up to 400°C in the heat exchanger, dried in the expansion machine and further heated passing through the remainder part of the heat exchanger. The dry overheated vapor enters the engine cylinder. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering, in particular to engine building, and can be used to create a new type of environmentally friendly and economical internal combustion engines.

 A known internal combustion engine containing a nozzle for injecting water into a cylinder connected by a pipe through a heat exchanger to a water pump [1] The heat exchanger is placed in a stream of exhaust gases and serves to heat the water.

 The disadvantage of this engine is the increased toxicity of exhaust gases due to the formation of nitrogen dioxide and carbon oxides in the interaction of the remnants of the products of combustion of fuel and water injected into the cylinder.

Closest to the invention is an internal combustion engine comprising at least one cylinder with intake and exhaust manifolds, a water tank, a water flow regulator, an evaporator mounted on the exhaust manifold, and a heat exchanger [2]
However, in this engine, the mixture supplied to the carburetor is a combination of water, exhaust gases and low temperature steam, since a small part of the hot exhaust (exhaust) gases is used to evaporate water and heat the steam. In addition, falling from a small volume of the pipeline into a large volume of the carburetor, the mixture cools, which leads to the condensation of the available amount of steam. Thus, a significant positive effect on the working process in the engine and on improving the environmental cleanliness of the exhaust does not occur. In addition, by using only a small amount of heat from the exhaust gas, one cannot expect any significant increase in engine efficiency.

 The aim of the invention is to remedy these disadvantages, namely improving the efficiency and environmental friendliness of an internal combustion engine.

 The goal is achieved in that the internal combustion engine, which contains a water tank, a water supply regulator and evaporators, is additionally equipped with a heat exchanger made in the form of a tubular spiral placed inside the exhaust manifold, the spiral inlet is connected to the evaporation chambers, and the outlet is connected to the engine intake manifold. To increase the degree of dehumidification of steam, the heat exchanger is equipped with an expander. In addition, the engine is equipped with a fuel mixture limiter made in the form of a gasket with an adjustable size of the hole located between the carburetor and the intake manifold.

 In FIG. 1 shows the proposed engine in the context; in FIG. 2 gasket (fuel limiter).

 The internal combustion engine contains a water tank 1, connected through a regulator 2 by a pipe 3 with two evaporators 5 sequentially mounted on the engine exhaust manifold 4, the output of the last of which is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger 6, made in the form of sections from a tubular spiral mounted inside the exhaust manifold 4 On the heat exchanger 6 between sections, an expander 7 is provided, which is a chamber larger than the pipeline 3 and the cross-section heat exchanger 6. The output of one of the sections of the heat exchanger 6 is connected by a tube 8 to the intake manifold 9 of the engine. To regulate the supply of the fuel mixture between the carburetor 10 and the intake manifold 9, a gasket 11 is installed (see Fig. 2). It is a base 12, the size of the inner hole of which is controlled by the blinds 13, mounted in the center by a screw 14 so that, rotating around its axis, they can completely or partially overlap the inner hole.

 The internal combustion engine operates as follows.

When you turn on the engine for 1-1.5 minutes warms up at idle. After heating, by pressing the accelerometer (not shown), the water supply controller 2 connected to the accelerometer opens the water supply, which is sucked into the evaporators 5 due to rarefaction in the intake manifold 9 and turns into steam. Passing through the sections of the heat exchanger 6, the steam is heated to 400 ^° C. At the same time, passing through the expander 7, the steam is "dried". Thus, superheated dry steam enters the intake manifold. Using the gasket 11, optimization of the fuel vapor ratio is achieved.

 The utilized heat of the exhaust gases is returned to the combustion chamber, bringing about half of the heat necessary to obtain the mechanical operation of the engine.

The proposed technical solution is implemented in the device "AQUADIS", produced by the applicant organization. Conducted bench and field tests showed that:
increases by 50% the thermal efficiency of the engine due to the utilization of heat of exhaust gases;
the combustion conditions of the fuel mixture are improved by heating it with steam heat and better dispersing gasoline with water vapor;
the emission of carbon monoxide is reduced by 5-8 times due to the better combustion of gasoline and the dissolution of its residues in water fog during exhaust;
there is no soot on candles and piston due to the complete combustion of gasoline;
there is no engine overheating, since excess heat is carried away by water vapor, whose heat capacity is 1.5 times higher than the heat capacity of air;
oil burn-out and pollution by burnt oil particles are reduced, which increases the service life of one oil filling without replacement by 1.8 times.

 The resulting economic and socially beneficial effect does not follow with obviousness from the achieved technical level. Thus, in well-known technical solutions, an attempt to utilize heat of exhaust gases and increase efficiency led to a simultaneous decrease in the environmental cleanliness of the exhaust, since a mixture of exhaust gases with a fresh portion of gasoline in the presence of water led to the formation and release into the atmosphere of such a highly toxic substance, for example, isoperine.

Claims (3)

 1. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, comprising at least one cylinder with intake and exhaust manifolds, a water tank, a water supply regulator, an evaporator mounted on the exhaust manifold, and a heat exchanger, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional evaporator located on the exhaust manifold and connected in series with the main evaporator, the heat exchanger is made two-section, its sections are formed by a tubular spiral, placed inside the exhaust manifold in series and communicated on one side with additional evaporator, and on the other hand with an intake manifold, and the input of the main evaporator is connected to the water tank through the regulator.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that between the sections of the heat exchanger there is an expander made in the form of a flow chamber of a larger section than the heat exchanger.  3. The engine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a fuel mixture limiter located between the carburetor and the intake manifold and made in the form of a gasket with shutters rotatable around the central axis of its flow channel.

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