RU204496U1 - CONCENTRATOR FOR CONTROL, MONITORING AND METERING SYSTEMS IN MEDIUM AND LOW VOLTAGE NETWORKS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for collecting and transmitting data and is used in the field of electric power in medium and low voltage networks. The technical result of the claimed utility model is the maintenance of continuous two-way information exchange in telemechanics systems using various protocols and in automated systems for commercial and technical metering of electricity. The technical result is achieved due to the fact that it contains a microcontroller that controls all functional units of the device, a nonvolatile real time clock, modules for wired and wireless communication with the control and data collection center, modules for creating wireless and PLC communication channels with similar concentrators of other substations, interface for connecting to electricity metering devices at the substation, modules for creating wireless and PLC communication channels with digital electricity metering devices of subscribers and an interface for communicating the control and data collection center with TM devices at the substation in a "transparent" mode in forward and backward directions without data transformation. 2 c.p. f-ly, 1 dwg.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for collecting and transmitting data for the implementation of continuous collection of information from electricity meters, multifunctional measuring transducers and other intelligent devices connected via digital interfaces and is intended for use in the field of electricity in medium and low voltage networks to organize continuous two-way information exchange in telemechanics systems (TM) and in automated information-measuring systems for commercial and technical metering of electricity.

Known PLC modem (Pat. RU 151867 (U1), IPC Н04В 3/00, published 04/20/2015, Bulletin No. 11), containing a power supply, PLC module, microcontroller, watchdog timer, RS-485 interface driver, matching transformer, display unit and housing with the ability to install on a DIN rail, additionally contains a second RS-485 interface, a replaceable IrDA / Bluetooth interface module and a sensor for detecting the fact of opening or damage to the housing.

A known device for collecting and transmitting data for a system of accounting and management of energy consumption of objects (US Pat. RU 145934 (U1), IPC H01J 13/00, published 09/27/2014, Bul. No. 27), containing means for receiving and transmitting data over the power network operating in the frequency range 50-95 kHz, means of receiving and transmitting data over a radio channel operating at a frequency of 433.92 MHz, a processor, a memory device and is designed to collect data from electricity consumption meters and transmit them to the collection center via interfaces: RS232, RS422 , RS485 and Ethernet.

Known modem-communicator for energy metering systems (Pat.RU 145406 (IPC H04L 12/66; published 09.20.2014, bull. No. 26), including a microcontroller that collects, processes and transfers measurement information and controls all modules of the device, real clock time, an optical port for configuring a radio modem from an external computer, an Ethernet module, a ZigBee module, a PLC module with a three-phase connection to a 0.4 kV power network, a GSM module, an RS-485 interface and a power module.

The disadvantage of the known technical solutions is the limitation of data collection of electricity consumption by subscribers within one substation in the power supply network of 0.4 kV.

The closest to the claimed technical solution, in terms of the totality of essential features, is a technical solution chosen as a prototype, disclosed in patent RU 191691 (IPC H04L 12/66, Н04В 3/54, SPK Н04В 3/54; published 15.08. No. 23) "Concentrator of data on electricity consumption in medium and low voltage networks of the digital region of electrical networks", including a microcontroller that controls all functional units of the device and collects, processes and transfers digital information, a real time clock that informs the microcontroller of the exact astronomical time, optical a port for configuring the device from an external computer, an RS-485 interface, an Ethernet module and a GSM module for connecting to a data collection center, a ZigBee module and a PLC module connected to a 0.4 kV low voltage electrical network to provide communication via the PLC interface and a ZigBee channel with digital metering devices for electricity of subscribers, the second RS-485 interface for connected power metering devices at a substation, a second PLC module for connecting to a 6-20 kV medium voltage power grid in order to provide communication via the PLC interface with similar devices at other substations and an RF module for creating a wireless backup communication channel between substations, a GSM module for connection to data center and power module. This device provides a reliable exchange of information with electricity meters of subscribers through the use of two independent communication channels, it provides for the exchange of information with electricity meters at transformer substations (TP), which allows you to control the current balance of electricity consumption by TP and outgoing lines, in It also provides for the exchange of information via the medium voltage line with similar devices at other transformer substations, which makes it possible to collect information on energy consumption over large areas.

At the same time, in the considered prototype, when used in metering systems for electricity consumption, there are the following disadvantages. The device is not capable of data transmission for custody transfer metering, when a separate high-speed data transmission channel is required for custody transfer only. In addition, distribution networks of medium and low voltage include many different types of transformer substations, which, in addition to the main equipment, contain electricity metering devices and various kinds of TM devices. If manufacturers of electricity meters in the overwhelming majority, regardless of the interface used, implement the DLMS / COSEM protocol, including the Russian SPODES specification (Organization Standard of PJSC ROSSETI. STO 34.01-5.1-006-2017 ELECTRIC ENERGY METERS. Requirements for the information model of data exchange), then the manufacturers of TM devices overwhelmingly use the wired RS-485 interface as an interface, but do not adhere to any generally accepted system when choosing and implementing protocols, as a result of which there is a variety of protocols in TM devices installed on the TP, from the MODBUS protocol in its various modifications to proprietary protocols, but the device does not provide for interaction with various TM devices located on the TP, which obliges to have a communication system with TM devices in parallel on the TP.

In addition, we note that to ensure the unity of the system time in the device itself and in the electricity metering devices connected to it, an internal non-volatile real-time clock is used. However, the real-time clock during its operation can gradually deviate from the global time and introduce time with a deviation into the devices connected to it, which leads to errors, for example, when monitoring the current balance of electricity consumption along outgoing lines and in general for TP or when using the Stop -frame ", when it is necessary to take readings from all metering devices in the polling cycle at a single point in time. We also note the narrowly targeted scope of application of this device, limited by the collection of electricity consumption, while each TP has other data, information about which must be delivered to data collection centers. For example, passive telesignalization (TS) signals that are available on each TP and information on changes in their state (on / off) should be collected and delivered to data collection centers, and on small consumer TSs, which are the majority, there are few TS signals, primarily alarm (door position, device malfunction, automatic machine position), but the device does not provide for direct input, analysis and transmission of the vehicle, which is especially important for TP, where there is only an alarm.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the maintenance of continuous two-way information exchange in TM systems under various protocols and in automated information and measurement systems for commercial and technical metering of electricity in medium and low voltage networks.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that a concentrator for control systems, monitoring and metering of electricity in medium and low voltage networks, containing a microcontroller that controls all functional units of the device and collects, processes and transfers digital information, a non-volatile real-time clock that informs the microcontroller of the current time, modules for wired and wireless communication with the control and data collection center, a module for creating a wireless communication channel with similar concentrators of other substations, a module for connecting to a 6-20 kV medium voltage power grid and creating a backup communication channel with similar concentrators of other substations, an interface for connecting to electricity metering devices at a substation, a module for creating a wireless communication channel with digital electricity meters of subscribers, a module for communicating with digital electricity meters of subscribers via a 0.4 kV low voltage network, a power supply module for powering all elements of the concentrator and also contains a module for organizing a dedicated data transmission channel for electricity consumption to a commercial metering data collection center and an interface for connecting the control and data collection center with TM devices at the substation in a "transparent" mode in forward and backward directions without data transformation.

The claimed technical device complements the particular forms of implementation of the utility model, which are of practical importance. The concentrator additionally includes a GPS module, which is a source of accurate GLONASS / GPS time for a non-volatile real-time clock and a vehicle signal input module for direct connection of up to three sensors of binary passive vehicle signals.

The conducted patent search showed that no analogous solutions were found in the prior art, which indicates the presence of novelty of the claimed utility model, allowing to overcome the aforementioned disadvantages of the previous solutions.

The drawing shows a block diagram of the implementation of the claimed device, including a microcontroller 1, which controls all functional devices and collects, processes and transfers measurement information, the RF module 2 for operation in the RF radio network as the main communication channel in the frequency range 868.7-869.2 MHz in base or remote station mode, real time clock module 3, reporting the current time to the microcontroller, PLC1 4 module for operation in the PLC1 network in the CENELEC B, C frequency band (European standards for data transmission over the electrical network CENELEC EN 5009020 and 13321-1) in the mode of a base or remote station and connected to the medium voltage 6-20 kV electrical network and providing a redundant communication channel with similar devices of other substations, the RS-485-1 5 interface with galvanic isolation is intended for data exchange with electricity metering devices installed at the substation, Ethernet-1 6 module for creating TCP / IP connections with remote computers of the control and data collection center, the second RS-485-2 7 interface is used to connect the control and data collection center with TM devices at the substation in a "transparent" mode in the forward and backward directions, i.e. without data conversion, Ethernet-2 8 module for creating TCP / IP connections with remote computers of the data collection center for commercial metering of electricity consumption data, TC 9 signal input module for connecting three two-position contact or non-contact sensors, the signal from which is an open or open contact ("Dry contact") and analysis of binary passive input signals, GSM 10 module for connecting to the GSM network and creating TCP / IP connections with remote computers of the control and data collection center, ZigBee 11 module for working in the Zigbee wireless network in the 2400 frequency range -2483.5 MHz in base station mode and organizing and providing wireless communication with digital electricity meters of subscribers, GPS 12 module for receiving GLONASS / GPS precise time signals in order to synchronize non-volatile real time clock, PLC2 13 module for network operation PLC2 in CENELEC A frequency band in base station and sub-mode connected to a low voltage electrical network of 0.4 kV and providing a redundant communication channel with digital electricity meters of subscribers via the PLC interface and a power module 14 including a rectifier, a power supply and DC / DC converters for powering all components of the device. Different frequency bands have been selected for the PLC1 and PLC2 networks in order to prevent possible mutual influence due to the presence of a step-down transformer between the medium and low voltage power lines. The selected frequency range for the RF radio network is due to the need to increase the communication range between substations, the unlicensed use of this range and the absence of mutual interference with the Zigbee wireless network.

The operation of the concentrator in the control, monitoring and metering system of electricity in medium and low voltage networks is carried out as follows. Initially, the device through one of the interfaces is configured from an external computer, depending on its use, as a basic one or as a remote one. The basic device is one that communicates with the control and data collection center via the Ethernet-1 module 6 or the GSM 10 module and interacts with the custody transfer data collection center via the Ethernet-2 module 8. For the basic device, these modules are configured to transmit and receive data to Ethernet-1, GSM and Ethernet-2 networks. In addition, for the base device, RF modules 2, PLC1 4 module, Zigbee module 11 and PLC2 module 13 are configured as "Base station", i.e. the base unit is the master in RF, PLC1, PLC2 and Zigbee networks. A remote device is one that does not directly interact with the control and data collection centers, but interacts with the base device wirelessly via the RF 2 module and in parallel via the PLC channel via the PLC1 4 module and for it RF 2 and PLC1 4 modules are configured as a "Remote Station" in the RF wireless network and in the PLC1 network, and the Zigbee 11 and PLC2 13 are configured as a "Base Station", i.e. the remote device is master on PLC2 and Zigbee networks and slave on PLC1 and RF networks.

Install the concentrator at the substation. The device installed at the substation closest to the control and data collection center is configured as basic, and it uses wired Ethernet networks for communication with the control and data collection center as the main and wireless GSM network as a backup. The device is connected to the Ethernet networks of the control and data collection center through the Ethernet-1 6 module and the commercial accounting data collection center through the Ethernet-2 module 8. An external GSM antenna is connected to the GSM 10 module. An external GPS antenna is connected to the GPS module 12. An external antenna is connected to the RF 2 module. The PLC1 4 module is connected to an external matching device, which is connected to a suitable medium voltage line. Electricity metering devices installed on the TP are connected to the RS-485-1 5 interface. To the RS-485-2 7 interface, the TM devices available on the TP are connected, with which data exchange is carried out in a "transparent" mode. The lines from the existing two-position sensors are connected to the TC 9 signal input module (for example, the position of the doors, the malfunction of the devices, the position of the machines). An external Zigbee antenna is connected to the Zigbee 11 module. The PLC2 13 module, through the contacts U _A , U _B , U _C , and U _{N of the} device, is connected to an outgoing three-phase power network of 0.4 kV through which the concentrator is powered and to which remote single-phase or three-phase electricity meters of subscribers are connected.

When the power is turned on and the self-test is successful, the non-volatile real-time clock is synchronized from the GPS module, then, in accordance with the specified configuration parameters, the concentrator forms ZigBee, PLC2, PLC1 and RF networks, automatically searching for metering devices in ZigBee and PLC2 networks and automatically searching for remote concentrators in RF and PLC1 networks. Device search and operation of ZigBee, PLC1, PLC2 and RF networks are performed simultaneously and independently of each other. Information about metering devices detected in ZigBee, PLC1 networks and connected at the substation to the RS-485-1 interface, and about remote devices in PLC2 and RF networks is stored in the concentrator's non-volatile memory in the form of logs of metering devices and remote concentrators, each record of which contains an identifier devices, the attribute of the channel in which the meter or remote concentrator was found and the time of their detection. The network configuration is updated automatically, continuously, providing the best communication quality depending on the actual conditions of signal propagation in the networks. The collection of data from metering devices is carried out automatically in accordance with the register of metering devices. At the beginning of the polling cycle, the device sequentially polls all detected metering devices in the ZigBee and PLC2 networks. If there is no response from the metering device, the concentrator makes several polling attempts during the time specified during configuration, after which it proceeds to polling the next metering device. After completing the polling of all detected metering devices, the concentrator analyzes the changes in the state of the ZigBee and PLC2 networks and adds the newly discovered metering devices to the log. The work of the concentrator to collect data from remote concentrators in PLC1 and RF networks is performed automatically, in accordance with the log of remote concentrators and is carried out in the same way and in parallel with the work in ZigBee and PLC2 networks. The transmission of vehicle signals to the control and data collection center is carried out when the binary input signal of the vehicle changes, or upon request of the status of the vehicle signals from the center. Interaction of the control and data collection center with TM devices in a "transparent" mode is carried out at the initiative of the center, which generates and transmits messages for TM devices connected to the RS-485-2 interface. The concentrator in this mode acts as a repeater, relaying requests from the control and data collection center to TM devices via the RS-485-2 interface and relaying responses in m and vice versa without converting data in the communicator.

When using the declared device at remote substations, it is configured as a remote device, i.e. the RF 2 and PLC1 4 modules are configured as "Remote Stations" in the RF wireless network and in the PLC1 network. The Ethernet 6, Ethernet 8, GSM 10 and GPS 12 modules are not used, and the Zigbee 11 and PLC2 13 modules are connected, configured and operated as "Base Stations" as on a base device. Electricity metering devices located at a remote substation are connected to the RS-485-1 5 wired interface, and TM devices available on the TP are connected to the RS-485-2 7 interface, with which data exchange is carried out in a "transparent" mode. An external Zigbee antenna is connected to the Zigbee 11 module. The PLC1 4 module is connected to an external matching device, which is connected to a suitable medium voltage line. An external antenna is connected to the RF 2 module. The operation of the remote device via the RS-485-1 5 and RS-485-2 7 interfaces and in the ZigBee and PLC2 networks is similar to the operation of the base device. Transmission of data from metering devices to the address of the basic device and receiving requests for data from metering devices is carried out via RF and PLC1 networks through RF 2 and PLC1 4 modules at the initiative of the basic device, which is the main one in the RF and PLC1 networks.

The proposed device can be practically implemented using commonly available components from various manufacturers. As a microcontroller, you can use a 32-bit LPC1778 microcontroller based on an ARM Cortex-MZ core from NXP / Philips. GSM and GPS modules can be implemented on the basis of the GSM / GPRS module EC25EUXGA-128-SGNS including a GPS / GLONASS receiver, manufactured by the Taiwanese company Quectel Wireless Solutions Co. Ltd.

Claims (3)

1. A concentrator for control systems, monitoring and metering of electricity in medium and low voltage networks, containing a microcontroller that controls all functional units of the device and collects, processes and transfers digital information, a non-volatile real-time clock that informs the microcontroller of the current time, modules for wired and wireless communication with the control and data collection center, a module for creating a wireless communication channel with similar concentrators of other substations, a module for connecting to a 6-20 kV medium voltage power grid and creating a backup communication channel with similar concentrators of other substations, an interface for connecting to metering devices electricity at the substation, a module for creating a wireless communication channel with digital electricity meters of subscribers, a module for communication with digital electricity meters of subscribers via a 0.4 kV low voltage network and a power module for powering all elements of the end ntrator, characterized in that a module is introduced into the concentrator circuit for organizing a dedicated data transmission channel for electricity consumption to a commercial metering data collection center and an interface for communicating the control and data collection center with telemechanics devices at the substation in a "transparent" mode in forward and backward directions without data transformation. 2. The concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that a GPS module is introduced into the concentrator circuit as a source of accurate GLONASS / GPS time for a non-volatile real time clock. 3. The concentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that a telesignalization signal input module is introduced into the concentrator circuit for input of three binary passive signals.

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