RU2040739C1 - Combination water and air heater - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering. SUBSTANCE: combination water and air heater has tank, casing, heat insulation 21, medium heating appliances, cold water supply system, hot water discharge system, air supply and evacuation system and elements for additional heating of medium. Tank consists of three reservoirs: outer reservoir 1, inner reservoir 2 and intermediate reservoir 3; reservoir 3 is made in form of truncated cone on whose lesser base inner reservoir 2 is secured; lesser base is detachable. Additional heating means are made in form of flat elements secured at point of connection of intermediate reservoir 3 and inner reservoir 2 and dins 14 provided on outer surfaces of outer and inner reservoirs. When operating on gaseous, liquid and solid fuel, heating facilities are located under tank of combination water and air heater. Larger base of intermediate reservoir 3 is closed with cover 29 provided with medium between tank and casing is used for evacuating air. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to energy, sanitary engineering and heating and ventilation systems and can be used in various water heating, heating and ventilation devices and in devices for humidification, drying and cooling of air.

Known accumulation heating device for heating water, equipped with an internal tank to prevent the spread of heat transmitted by the heating element throughout the tank at the beginning of the heating process. It contains a heating element surrounded by a shell forming a container with a volume less than the volume of the device, and on the outer surface of this shell there is a layer of thermal insulation; this tank is connected by openings to the upper and lower parts of the device, while the whole complex is located in such a way that water from this lower part enters the tank, where it is heated, and then discharged to the upper part of the device, characterized in that the heating control is variable from a thermostat that fixes the temperature of the water located at the bottom of the device and stops heating when the entire volume of water in the device reaches a certain temperature, or from a thermostat that fixes the temperature of the water located yabom with the upper part of the device, and stopping the heating if the set temperature [1]
This heating device can only work if there is a plumbing and the selection of heated water in the upper part of the casing and has significant dimensions and weight.

A known method of heating water for technical consumption and for feeding heat exchangers, in accordance with which accumulates liquid heated by electricity at low tariffs to create a reserve of hot water for industrial consumption, characterized in that the heat accumulated in the storage tank is transferred to a tank filled with medium intended for replenishment of heat exchangers, and the use of residual heat in the specified storage tank after partial use of the hot water contained in it to maintain the temperature of the medium to feed the heat exchangers at a sufficient level and in the additional case of the need to heat the medium. The installation for implementing the method consists of a large volume tank for distributing process water, in which there are electric heating elements and a small capacity tank, inside which is also a heating element [2]
The disadvantages of this device are the large dimensions and weight, as well as the delay in heating the water in the internal container of a small volume in comparison with the heating of the main part of the water in the large volume casing as a result of the transfer of the bulk of the heat through the metal wall separating them.

Known devices for heating air (heaters) used in supply ventilation systems, air conditioning systems, air heating, as well as in drying plants, which are divided into smooth-tube and ribbed [3]
The disadvantages of smooth-tube heaters are the heating of a small amount of air and a small degree of its heating, and the disadvantage of ribbed heaters is the difficulty of cleaning from contamination of heat-exchanging surfaces. Currently, heaters in which steam or hot water are the heat carrier are the most widespread; therefore, such heaters can only be used in places where the corresponding pipelines of heating networks are connected. Therefore, air heaters are rarely used to provide a given microclimate in residential buildings, and in some cases when they are inferior to other devices for heating air by technical and economic indicators, they are not used in administrative, industrial and other buildings.

Known devices for local humidification (dampening) of the air, providing direct introduction of moisture into the room air by evaporation or fine atomization of water, for example, the automatic pneumatic installation "Fog" with electric actuators [4]
The disadvantages of the automatic pneumatic installation "Fog" are the design complexity, the need to supply tap water under pressure and compressed air, as well as the possibility of condensation of moisture on water pipes and drops from them and precipitation of suspended moisture from the torch on the walls, columns and equipment, which worsens the sanitary hygienic conditions in the premises. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out a number of additional measures that further complicate the operation of the installation and increase its overall dimensions, cost and operating costs.

 Therefore, in residential, administrative and other buildings it is necessary to use a variety of devices for humidifying the air, which have a simpler design and provide evaporation of moisture in the air of the room when it comes in contact with moistened material or the surface of the water, and the air movement in these devices occurs due to the pressure drop that occurs as a result of the difference in densities of dry and humidified air or created as a result of the use of fans. However, known devices for humidification of air, the principle of which is based on the evaporation of moisture directly inside the device, have low productivity, especially if only natural air circulation occurs through the device, and do not provide the necessary humidification in most rooms where they are used.

 Thus, the problem of reliable provision of a given humidity and optimal microclimate in the premises of residential, industrial and administrative buildings is currently not resolved. Even more acute is the problem of ensuring the efficient operation of various microclimate conditioning systems, including devices for heat-moisture treatment of air, and the economy and rational use of fuel and energy resources when using them.

Known electric heater containing a thermally insulated body with a removable cover, inlet and outlet pipes and placed in its cavity one above the other, respectively, a removable glass and a heating element, and the glass is equipped with vertical partitions, and its bottom is perforated [5]
A disadvantage of the known device is the need for additional metal consumption for the manufacture of a removable glass with vertical partitions, designed to increase the size of the active surface and to ensure deposition on it of a significant amount of scale and to reduce the thickness of deposits on the wall of the casing, heating element, etc. as well as the need to install means for fixing it inside the case and the lack of compactness of the device.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a pumped thermal water heater connected to a refrigerator, containing a tank surrounded by an insulating layer, in the lower part of which there is a heating element of a heat pump connected to a refrigerator, and also a device for transferring energy to air, which can the need to pass through a channel located between the outer surface of the tank and the inner surface of the outer casing of the heater. The water heater tank is prefabricated and consists of two parts, each of which is connected to one pipe for supplying or discharging the water filling the tank, and the air movement in the channel located inside the heater casing is regulated by the fan installed in it, the throttle valve and the cover designed to block the channel opening in the upper part of the outer casing [6]
The disadvantages of this prototype are:
1) low efficiency of heating the air in contact with the outer surface of the tank due to the small area of contact between them and the absence of fins;
2) the ability to work only in capacitive mode when the tank is completely filled with water;
3) the possibility of rapid scale formation on the surface of the heating element;
4) significant dimensions and weight;
5) the placement of the detachable connection of the tank under a layer of insulation, which makes it difficult to disassemble.

 These disadvantages are eliminated in the proposed combined water and air heater containing a tank, a casing, thermal insulation, medium heating means, cold water supply and hot water removal systems, air supply and exhaust systems and additional heating elements of the medium, where the tank is made up of three containers: external , internal and intermediate, the last of which has the shape of a truncated cone, on the smaller base of which an internal container is fixed. This smaller base of the intermediate tank is removable.

 Additional heating means are made in the form of a flat element fixed at the junction of the intermediate and inner tanks, and fins on the outer surfaces of the outer and inner tanks.

 When working on gaseous, liquid or solid fuels, means for heating the medium are placed under the tank of the combined water and air heater.

 The larger base of the intermediate tank is closed with a lid equipped with nozzles for venting and supplying the medium, and between the tank and the casing there are means for venting air in the form of a fan with an air duct.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which show vertical sections of a combined water and air heater in various modes of operation, where:
in FIG. 1 combined water and air heater when placing the inner and intermediate tanks inside the outer tank in the mode of heating water for a hot water system;
in FIG. 2 combined water and air heater when placing the inner and intermediate tanks above the outer tank in the mode of heating water for a hot water system;
in FIG. 3 combined water and air heater when placing the internal and intermediate tanks inside the external tanks in water heating mode for heating systems and hot water supply;
in FIG. 4 combined water and air heater when placing the internal and intermediate tanks above the external tank in the mode of heating water for heating systems and hot water supply;
in FIG. 5 combined water and air heater when placing the internal and intermediate tanks inside the external tank in the mode of heating water and air for hot water supply, air heating, drying or humidification of air.

 In the proposed combined water and air heater, the tank is prefabricated and consists of an external tank 1, an internal tank 2 and an intermediate tank 3.

 The outer tank 1 has a pipe 4, which serves to fill the tank with water from the water supply system or an external tank through the pipeline 5, or to drain the water if necessary. In the absence of pipeline 5, the pipe 4 is plugged with a plug 6 (shown in dotted lines in the drawings). Above the pipe 4 and the level of the heating element 7 installed in the external container 1, connected to the control unit 8, a pipe 9 is located on the external container 1, closed by a plug 6. Under the upper detachable connection 10, for example, in the form of a flange connection connecting the external container 1 s intermediate tank 3, there is a pipe 11 connected by a pipe 12 to the mixer 13. On the outer surface of the outer tank 1 there is a fin 14.

 The inner container 2 has a pipe 15 in the lower part, and under the detachable connection 16, for example, in the form of a flange connection connecting the inner container 2 with the intermediate container 3, the pipe 17.

 The intermediate container 3 has a sectional shape of a truncated cone, which allows it to be attached together with the inner container 2, which is of less importance compared to the outer container 1, both inside the outer container 1 (Fig. 1) and above the outer container 1 (Fig. 2), as well as without an internal container 2 (Fig. 3) using a detachable connection 10.

 The outer container 1 is fixed on the supports 18 inside the telescopic collapsible casing, which consists of the lower part 19 and the upper part 20 and has thermal insulation 21. The telescopic movement of the upper part 20 of the casing relative to the lower part 19 or its separation are provided by detachable fastening means 22 (figure 2) . On top of the outer casing is closed by a lid 23 provided with a pipe 24 for connecting air distribution devices 25, for example, in the form of a choke pipe. To enhance the air flow inside the casing, a fan 26 is installed (Figs. 3, 5).

 The bottom 27 or the flat heating element 28 (FIG. 3, FIG. 4) can be hermetically connected to the detachable connection 16 of the intermediate tank 3 of the combined water and air heater, and the cover 29 can be connected to the detachable connection 10 of the outer container 1. 29 Instead of the bottom 27 of the flat heating element 28 allows not only to form inside the case two containers that are not interconnected, in which different media can be located, but also provides a simultaneous effective supply of heat to each of these media. On the outer surface of the lid 29 there are nozzles 30 and 31, closed by plugs 6. Pipes 32 and 33 (Fig. 3) can be connected to the nozzles 30 and 31 to supply cold water to the intermediate tank 3 and drain heated water from it.

 If inside the outer tank 1 is connected to the smaller base of the intermediate tank 3 at the same time, the bottom 27 and the inner tank 2, depending on the operating mode of the combined water and air heater, there are three possible uses of the inner tank 2: 1) the nozzles 15 and 17 are open and water circulates through them as a result of the difference in densities caused by the temperature difference in the outer tank 1 and the inner tank 2, providing mixing of water with different temperatures in both tanks (figure 1); 2) one of the nozzles 15 and 17 is equipped with a throttling element 34, which reduces the circulation of water through the inner tank 2, and to reduce heat exchange with the tank 1, it is equipped with a heat-insulating housing 35 (Figs. 1, 5); 3) the nozzles 15 and 17 are hermetically sealed with plugs 6, and the heat-insulating casing 35 in the inner container 2 provides the fastest heating of water between the inner surface of the outer container 1 and the outer surface of the inner container 2, as a result of which air heating by finning 14 and other parts of the outer begins capacity 1.

 On the side surface of the intermediate tank 3 there is a pipe 36, closed by a plug 6, which can be used to drain water from the intermediate tank 3 or to flow water from the outer tank 1 to the intermediate tank 3, in the case of the removal of heated water to the mixer 13 through the pipe 30 and the pipeline 37 (Fig. 1), or for the removal of water and air from the tank formed by connecting the outer tank 1 and the intermediate tank 3 (Fig. 2, 4). For additional heating of water in the inner tank 2, a heating element 38 can be used. The walls of the inner tank 2 are made with an external finning 14 or can be corrugated, which allows for more efficient heat transfer to the room when using a combined water and air heater for heating rooms or to reduce scale formation on the heating elements 7 in the case when the inner tank 2 is placed inside the outer tank 1. For heating the water in the tank can be used also any external heat source, for example, in the form of a burner 39.

 The fan 26 can be installed inside the duct 40, connected to the nozzles 24 and 30 for the movement of air flow inside the intermediate tank 3 (figure 5), for additional heating in it, and in the case of additional humidification of the air in the intermediate tank 3 is filled with water.

 The supply of cold water to the tank of the combined water and air heater from the water supply 41, on which the shut-off and control valves 42, for example, a valve, and a check valve 43 are installed, is carried out through the pipeline 44.

 Installation in a flange connection 16 of the bottom 27 or a flat heating element 28 allows for the simultaneous supply of hot water to the hot water supply system and the heating system (Fig. 4), in which water passes through the supply line 45 connected to the expansion tank 46, the supply risers 47 , cools down in the heating devices 48, and along the return risers 49 and the return pipe 50 it returns to the tank for re-heating (Fig. 5).

 The taps 51 and 52 of the mixer 13 are used to control the temperature of the flowing hot water. In the case of using a combined water and air heater for cooling and drying air in its lower part, a condensate collector 53 is installed (Fig. 5).

 The combined water and air heater is as follows.

 1. Water heating for hot water supply in capacitive mode.

 In preparing the combined water and air heater shown in FIG. 1, open the valve 42 and the tap 51 of the mixer 13. Water from the water supply 41 flows through the pipe 5 into the tank, filling it before the water flows out through the mixer 13. Close the valve 42 and turn on the heating element 7, setting the control unit 8 to the required heating temperature. After reaching the set temperature, the valve 42 is opened and cold water enters the tank, displacing hot water from it, which through the pipe 11 and pipe 12 enters the mixer 13.

 The installation inside the outer tank 1 of additional surfaces in the form of an intermediate tank 3 and an inner tank 2 ensures a reduction in scale formation on the heating elements 7. The nozzles 15 and 17 are open, which ensures circulation and uniform heating of the water in the tank, and the nozzle 36 is closed by a plug 6.

 The scale formation on the heating elements 7 is even less if there is a finning 14 on the inner container 2 placed inside the outer container 1.

 2. Water heating for hot water supply in high-speed (flow) mode.

 The combined water and air heater is assembled similarly to the description in paragraph 1 above for figure 1, however, an additional heat-insulating housing 35 is inserted inside the inner container 2, and the nozzles 15 and 17 are closed by plugs 6. In this case, the amount of water located between the inner surface of the outer container 1 and the outer surface of the inner container 2, is relatively small, as a result of which it becomes possible to ensure its heating in high-speed (flow) mode. The valve 42 and the tap 51 of the mixer 13 are opened and the tank is filled before the water flows out of the mixer 13. The heating element 7 is turned on and hot water is used for any period of time.

 3. Heating of water and air in capacitive mode with an increased tank capacity.

 The combined water and air heater is assembled as shown in FIG. 2. A pipe 12 is connected to the pipe 15, supplying water to the mixer 13. The pipes 9, 11, 17 and 36 are closed by plugs 6.

 Filling the combined water and air heater with water and its heating is carried out as described above. After heating the water in the tank, heating of the air circulating between the outer surface of the tank and the lower part 19 of the outer casing begins. Heating the room with heated air is also possible if the upper part 20 of the casing of the outer casing is removed from the combined water and air heater.

4. Accelerated heating of the air in the absence of plumbing and analysis of hot water
The combined water and air heater is assembled as shown in FIG. 1, however, a heat-insulating case 35 is inserted inside the inner tank 2, and the nozzles 4, 15, 17, and 36 are closed by plugs 6. This ensures the fastest heating of the water in the tank and the beginning of heating of the air circulating in the combined water and air heater.

 The tank is filled with water through the pipe 11, which is left open during the entire period of heating the water in it.

 5. Work as a heat generator of the heating system.

 In this mode of operation, only the heating system is connected to the combined water and air heater, as shown in FIG. The nozzles 30 and 31 are open or plugged with plugs 6.

 After filling the tank and the heating system with water from the cold water supply system 41, the heating element 7 is turned on through the pipe 4. Heated water begins to circulate in the heating system, passing through the supply line 45, through the supply risers 47, enters the heating devices 48 and through the return risers 49 and return heating system line 50 is returned to the tank for reheating.

 6. Air heating for drying various materials.

 The combined water and air heater is assembled as shown in FIG. 5.

 This mode is carried out if the heating system shown in Fig. 5 is not connected to the combined water and air heater and the pipe 9 is closed by a plug 6, an external overflow pipe connected to the pipe 11 is connected to the pipe (not shown in the drawings), and the cover 23 is closed. Open the valve 42 and fill the tank with water from the water supply 41 through the pipe 4 before the water flows out of the overflow pipe. The valve 42 is closed, the heating element 7 is turned on, and after heating the water in the tank, the fan 26 is turned on.

 The air entering the lower part 19 of the outer casing is heated when passing along the fins 14 of the outer container 1 and other heated surfaces. The heated air is sucked in by the fan 26 into the intermediate tank 3 through the pipe 31, where it is additionally heated through the pipe 30, the air duct 40 and the pipe 24 enters the air distribution device 25. Since there is no water in the intermediate container 3 in the described mode, the heated air has a low relative humidity and can be used for drying vegetables, fruits and other materials, as a hairdryer, for warming up car engines in winter conditions and other purposes.

 7. Heating and humidification.

 The combined water and air heater is assembled as shown in FIG. 5. Its preparation for operation and operation are described above in paragraph 6, however, to humidify the air in the room, water must be filled in the intermediate tank 3.

8. Cooling and air drying
The combined water and air heater is assembled as shown in FIG. 5, however, instead of the heating system, a pipe supplying water to the water taps is connected to the pipe 11 (the last pipe and water taps are not shown in the drawing).

 To supply cold water to the tank from the water supply 41, a valve 42 and a water taps are opened. The fan 26 provides movement of the air cooled by contact with the cold surface of the tank inside the lower part 19 of the outer casing and the intermediate tank 3 and remove it through the pipe 30, duct 40, pipe 24 and the air distribution device 25 into the room. Condensate formed during cooling of the air flows into the condensate collector 53. The heating element 7 is not used in this operating mode.

The advantages of the proposed combined water and air heater are:
1) multifunctionality, allowing to satisfy different needs of consumers using the same device;
2) the possibility of changing the capacity of the housing depending on the challenges;
3) the possibility of the formation inside the case of one or more containers not interconnected;
4) a significant reduction in inertia during heating of water and air for heating, hot water supply, drying, humidification and air cooling systems and ensuring, on this basis, minimum energy consumption and maximum efficiency;
5) reduction of scale formation on the heating elements;
6) portability;
7) ease of transportation and operation;
8) simplicity of design, ensuring manufacturability in manufacturing and reliability in operation;
9) the speed of preparation for work and transfer to any of the necessary operating modes, as well as to the transport position;
10) the possibility of the simultaneous use of several coolants;
11) the maximum use of natural circulation pressure in all operating modes, which reduces the necessary energy costs to ensure the circulation of coolants.

 Thus, the design of the combined water and air heater provides various operating modes with a constant base module with minimal readjustment. This allows you to successfully meet the various needs of the consumer and significantly reduce material and labor costs for the manufacture of various types of devices for single-purpose use, which have been used so far even in cases where it is possible and appropriate to use devices that satisfy several consumer needs at the same time.

 The proposed combined water and air heater can be used in everyday life and in production and use any heat sources, including secondary energy resources. Its use will help to reduce the size of various devices and installations of microclimate conditioning systems, that is, to more efficiently use the production, administrative and residential areas and increase the reliability of providing a given microclimate in rooms, especially in residential buildings, where household appliances often optimize the sanitary-hygienic microclimate parameters are not accepted or work inefficiently.

 The simplicity of the design of the combined water and air heater makes it possible to produce it in a portable (portable) design, which will allow its wide use for hot water supply, heating and ventilation of country houses, garages, cottages and other objects.

 Additional functions of the combined water and air heater, and in particular, the possibility of using it for heating, drying, and cooling the air, allow it to be used for drying vegetables, fruits, and other foodstuffs, and reducing scale formation on heating elements improves its operational characteristics and will contribute to fuel economy -energy resources.

 Tests of prototypes of combined water and air heaters, conducted with the participation of specialists from the Tula Industrial and Commercial Association "APEX", showed the high efficiency of their use.

 Currently, work is underway to prepare the serial production of the proposed combined water and air heater at the ADS plant in the city of Uzlovaya, Tula Region, and at the Krasny Gidropress factory in the city of Taganrog, Rostov Region.

Claims (5)

 1. COMBINED WATER- AND AIR HEATERS, containing a tank, a casing, thermal insulation, means for heating the medium, cold water supply and air exhaust systems, and means for additional heating the water, characterized in that the tank is made up of three containers: external, internal and intermediate, the latter has the shape of a truncated cone with a removable smaller base on which the internal container is fixed.  2. The water and air heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for additional heating of the medium are made in the form of a flat element fixed at the junction of the intermediate and internal containers, and fins on the outer surfaces of the latter.  3. Water and air heater according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that when operating on gaseous, liquid or solid fuel, means for heating the medium are placed under the tank.  4. Water and air heater according to paragraphs. 1 to 3, characterized in that the larger base of the intermediate tank is closed by a lid equipped with nozzles for supplying and discharging the medium.  5. Water and air heater according to paragraphs. 1 to 4, characterized in that the air exhaust system is made in the form of a fan with an air duct and is installed between the tank and the casing.

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