RU203311U1 - Trainer-triangle for group exercises to restore counting operations and visual-spatial memory - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine in the field of neurology, neurorehabilitation and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group sessions on the restoration of counting operations and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies. contains a plastic plate (1), having the shape of an isosceles triangle, located with the base upwards, on the front and back surfaces of which identical cells-recesses (3) are made, and a handle (2) is made in the lower corner of the plate (1); in this case, the cells-recesses (3) are made with the possibility of inscribing numbers and images into them with a water marker, and are located on each of the surfaces of the plate (1) in the same way as follows: in the lower part of the plate (1) there is a base cell-depression (3), above which there are rows of recessed cells (3) in such a way that the number of recessed cells (3) in each row located above increases by one recess cell (3) compared to the row located below; with this, the shape, number and location of the cells-depressions (3) on both surfaces of the plate (1) is the same. Thus, the "Trainer-triangle", due to its structural elements, provides the possibility of conducting long-term courses of group lessons on the restoration of counting operations and visual spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in the neurological clinic, including patients with fine motor skills and hand tremors. The declared "Trainer-triangle" introduces an element of novelty into the process of recovery exercises, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients. Due to the simplicity of design and convenience use "Trainer-triangle" can be widely used in clinical practice.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the field of neurology, neurorehabilitation and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group sessions on the restoration of counting operations and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies.

The forms of its organization, used in the course of classes with patients of a neurological clinic with disorders of various mental functions, play an important role for the effectiveness of restorative training.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for the maximum use of all human capabilities and abilities, use of the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S.Aphazia and restorative education. M .; Moscow Psychology -social institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001, pp. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organizing restorative education, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is a group form of training, which helps to increase the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental functions, expanding and supplementing individual training with a specialist and independent training of patients during their stay in a neurological clinic. ...

Group lessons allow realizing, first of all, the activity of communication and influence on the patient's personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competition, etc. (Tsvetkova LS Aphasia and restorative education. M .; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing House NPO MODEK, 2001, p. 9).

According to the expert on group dynamics, Marvin Shaw, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (D. Myers Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997).

Thus, the use of the group form contributes to an increase in the effectiveness of classes when working on the recovery of various mental processes in patients with a neurological clinic, including counting operations and visual-spatial memory.

Violation of counting operations and visual-spatial memory occurs as a result of various neurological diseases associated primarily with damage to the parietotemporal-occipital cortex of the brain, which provides the implementation of spatial perception, which is the basis of the process of counting operations, as well as visual-spatial memory. Therefore, it is advisable to carry out work on the restoration of these mental processes in a comprehensive manner.

At present, various devices and simulators are used for training in the restoration of counting operations in patients of a neurological clinic.

So, from the existing level of technology known device "Trainer-tablet for the formation of tasks in the course of training on the restoration of counting and writing in patients with neurological clinic" (Patent RU 176049 U1 from 27.12.2017).

Structurally, this device is a case in which a worksheet with arithmetic operations is installed, fixed from above by a plate containing through slots with sliders installed in them, each of which covers one number or sign of each arithmetic operation.

The patient needs to determine the numbers or signs closed by the slider, based on the fragments of arithmetic operations visible in the slots.

The disadvantages of this device when used for group exercises to restore counting operations and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) this device is not intended for use in group exercises;

b) this device is not intended for lessons on restoration of visual-spatial memory;

c) the need to use additional elements in the form of worksheets containing tasks in the form of arithmetic operations.

Also known is the printed simulator "1000 exercises for the development of logic, attention, memory" on one of the pages of which a task is presented in the form of a series of squares with numbers, under which there are similar squares without numbers, each of which is located between two squares with numbers. The student must enter the numbers in the squares so that the number in each lower square is equal to the sum of the numbers of the two upper squares (Dmitrieva V.G. 1000 exercises for the development of logic, attention, memory. For children from 3 to 6 years old . - M: Publishing house AST, 2017. - P. 28).

The disadvantages of this task of the printed simulator when used for group exercises to restore counting operations and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic are:

a) this activity is not intended for use in group sessions;

b) this task is not intended for lessons on restoration of visual-spatial memory;

c) the possibility of only one-time use of the printed materials of the simulator;

d) a small amount of working material, which is insufficient for conducting long courses of study;

e) the difficulty of entering numbers into small-sized squares for patients with fine motor impairment and the presence of hand tremors.

Along with impaired counting operations, patients in a neurological clinic with lesions of the parietotemporal-occipital cortex (which ensures the implementation of the process of spatial perception) may experience impairment of visual-spatial memory, for the restoration of which various simulators and devices are used.

So, from the existing level of technology known device "Trainer for training to restore intellectual activity and spatial memory in patients with neurological clinic" (Patent RU 186679 U1, published on January 29, 2019).

Structurally, this device is a plate-shaped plastic base, on the bottom of which there are square recessed cells designed to fit various images into them.

In the course of training with this device, work cards are used containing cells of the same size and number with various images (symbols, geometric shapes, etc.), which the patient must remember and write from memory with a water marker in the recessed cells of the device.

The disadvantages of this device when used for group exercises to restore counting operations and visual-spatial memory in patients with a neurological clinic are:

a) this device is not intended for use in group exercises;

b) this device is not intended for training in the restoration of counting operations;

c) the need to use additional elements in the form of work cards containing memorization tasks.

Also known from the prior art is a device "Trainer-triangle for group exercises for restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory by memorizing images in triangular cells" (Patent RU 192681 U1 dated 09.25.2019).

Structurally, this device is a triangular plastic base on one of the side faces of which a handle is located, and on the front and back surfaces of the base there are triangular recessed cells.

In the course of training with this device, one of the patients inscribes various images into the groove cells on the front surface of the base, after which the other patient memorizes the image data and writes them into the groove cells on the back of the base from memory.

However, this device is intended for lessons on the restoration of visual-spatial memory, and does not provide the possibility of conducting lessons on the restoration of counting operations.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above simulators and devices, a "Triangle simulator for group exercises to restore counting operations and visual-spatial memory" (hereinafter referred to as "Triangle simulator") has been developed.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) ensuring the possibility of conducting classes aimed at both restoring counting operations and restoring visual-spatial memory;

b) ensuring the possibility of conducting group sessions with patients of the neurological clinic;

c) ensuring the possibility of conducting long courses of study due to the fact that the formation of tasks is carried out by the patients themselves in the process of class;

d) ensuring the possibility of conducting exercises for patients with fine motor impairment and the presence of hand tremors due to the fact that the cells are made in the form of indentations that do not allow the water marker rod to go beyond their limits;

e) no need to use additional elements in the form of worksheets or cards with tasks;

f) the simplicity of the design of the "Trainer-triangle", contributing to its widespread implementation in clinical practice.

The technical result of the declared useful model is to provide the possibility of conducting group lessons on the restoration of counting operations and visual-spatial memory, provided by the structural elements of the declared "Trainer-triangle", which allow conducting long-term courses of group lessons on the restoration of counting operations and visual-spatial memory with a wide a contingent of patients in a neurological clinic, including patients with fine motor disorders and hand tremors.

This technical result is provided due to the fact that the "Trainer-triangle" contains a plastic plate having the shape of an isosceles triangle, located with the base upwards, on the front and back surfaces of which identical cells-recesses are made, and a handle is made in the lower corner of the plate; in this case, the cells-recesses are made with the possibility of inscribing numbers and images into them with a water marker, and are located on each of the surfaces of the plate as follows: in the lower part of the plate there is a base cell-recess, above which rows of cells-recesses are located in such a way that the number of cells -deepths in each row located above increases by one cell-depression in comparison with the row located below; in this case, the shape, number and location of the cells-recesses on both surfaces of the plate is the same.

In a preferred embodiment of the Triangle Trainer, the depression cells are in the form of quadrangles.

In a preferred embodiment of the Triangle Trainer, the indentation cells are in the form of hexagons.

In a preferred embodiment of the Triangle Trainer, the indentation cells are in the shape of octagons.

In a preferred embodiment of the Triangle Trainer, the indentation cells are circular in shape.

In the preferred embodiment of the Triangle Trainer, the indentation cells are highlighted in a color different from the color of the plate.

The essence of the useful model "Trainer-triangle for group exercises for the restoration of counting operations and visual-spatial memory" is illustrated by the drawing, which shows:

FIG. 1 is a general view of the Triangle Trainer.

The declared "Trainer-triangle" (see Fig. 1) is a plastic plate (1) in the form of an isosceles triangle, located with the base upwards, on the front and back surfaces of which identical cells-recesses (3) are made, designed to fit into them water marker of various numbers in the course of lessons on the restoration of counting operations, and various images (symbols, geometric shapes, multidirectional arrows) in the course of lessons on restoration of visual-spatial memory.

“An isosceles triangle is a triangle whose two sides are equal. These sides are called lateral, and the third side is called the base "(Wikipedia. Triangle, found on 17.12.2020 on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle).

For the convenience of holding the "Trainer-triangle" during exercise, a handle (2) is made in the lower corner of the plate (1).

The dimensions of this particular "Triangle Trainer" indicated below are not indications that narrow the scope of legal protection, since they may change in the process of its creation.

The length of the base of the triangle, the shape of which the plate (1) has, can be 70-180 mm, the height - 50-120 mm, and the thickness of the plate (1) is 4-6 mm.

The depth of all the recessed cells (3) is the same and is 1–2 mm.

In this case, the recessed cells (3) can be in the form of quadrangles (including a diamond-shaped one), hexagons, octagons or circles.

Cells-recesses (3) are located on each of the surfaces of the plate (1) in the same way: in the lower part of each of the surfaces of the plate (1) above the handle (2) there is a basic cell-recess (3), above which there are rows of similar cells- recesses (3) so that the number of recessed cells (3) in each row located above increases by one recess cell (3) compared to the row located below.

That is, above the base cell-recess (3) there is a row of two cells-recesses (3), above which there is the next row of three cells-recesses (3), etc.

The number of rows of recessed cells (3) on each of the surfaces of the plate (1) can be from three rows of recessed cells (3) located above the base recess cell (3) to eight or more rows of recessed cells (3), located above the base cell-recess (3).

Thus, the number of recessed cells (3) on each of the surfaces of the plate (1) can be: 10 pcs., 15 pcs., 21 pcs., 28 pcs. and more pieces.

In this case, the shape, number and location of the cells-recesses (3) on both surfaces of the plate (1) is the same.

The minimum distance between adjacent recessed cells (3) is 1-3 mm.

The dimensions of the recessed cells (3) are the same and depend on the dimensions of the plate (1), the number of recessed cells (3) on each of the surfaces of the plate (1) and the distance between adjacent recessed cells (3).

Thus, the design features of the recessed cells (3) provide the convenience of entering numbers and images into them, making the exercise process convenient and accessible for patients with fine motor impairment and hand tremors.

At the same time, the small depth of the cells-recesses (3) does not prevent the removal of the numbers and images inscribed in them by means of a sponge intended for erasing water markers.

The handle (2) made in the lower part of the plate (1) can be flat, with a thickness equal to the thickness of the plate (1), and also have a cylindrical or conical shape. The length of the handle (2) is 80-100 mm.

To ensure the safety of training with the "Trainer-triangle", the upper corners of the plate (1) can be made rounded.

To ensure the convenience of holding the "Trainer-triangle" during exercise, notches with a depth of 0.25-1 mm can be made on the surface of the handle (2) (not shown in the figure).

For the convenience of conducting lessons on restoring visual-spatial memory, a mark (4), made, for example, in the form of a circle, can be applied (for example, with dark paint) to the front surface of the plate (1).

For a better perception by patients of the cells-depressions (3), they are highlighted with a color (for example, by means of paint), which differs from the color of the plate (1).

Work with the "Trainer-triangle for group exercises for the restoration of counting operations and visual-spatial memory" is carried out as follows.

Before starting the classes, the specialist forms a group of two patients with approximately the same degree of impairment of counting operations and visual-spatial memory.

If the lesson is aimed at restoring counting operations, one of the patients holding the "Trainer-triangle" by the handle (2), inscribes various numbers with a water marker in the upper row of cells-depressions (3) on the front surface of the plate (1).

Further, the "Trainer-triangle" is transferred to another patient, who holding it by the handle (2) in the same way, sequentially adds the numbers of adjacent cells-depressions (3) of the upper row, entering the results of addition into the cells-depressions (3) of the row below. In this case, the sum of the digits of two adjacent indentation cells (3) fits into the indentation cell (3) located under two adjacent indentation cells (3).

If the sum of the digits of two adjacent indentation cells is a two-digit number, then the number of tens is not taken into account, and only the number of units is entered into the indentation cell (3) located below.

So, for example, if the adjacent indentation cells (3) of the upper row contain the numbers "6" and "9", the sum of which is the number "15", then the number "5" is inscribed in the indentation cell (3) located below them.

After the patient has entered all the numbers in the indentation cells (3) of this row, another patient checks the correctness of the task, after which, in the same way, he sequentially adds the numbers of the adjacent indentation cells (3) of the given row, entering the resulting numbers into the indentation cells (3) another, located bottom row.

Further, the above steps are repeated by both patients until all the recessed cells (3) on the front surface of the plate (1) are completely filled.

After that, all the numbers inscribed in the recessed cells (3) are removed with a sponge for erasing water markers, and the above-described sequence of actions is repeated a number of times specified by a specialist.

As the patients achieve positive results in the restoration of counting operations, the tasks become more complicated, which consists in the fact that the patients perform the subtraction of the numbers of the adjacent cells-depressions (3), not taking into account the negative value of the numbers obtained when they are entered into the cells-depressions (3) located below row.

At the later stages of the lesson, multiplication of the numbers of neighboring cells-depressions (3) can be carried out, with the exclusion of the number of tens when the numbers obtained are entered into the cells-depressions (3) of the row below.

When working on the restoration of visual-spatial memory, one of the patients is appointed by the specialist who forms the task, and the other patient is assigned to the task.

Further, the patient forming the task, holding the "Trainer-triangle" by the handle (2), inscribes with a water marker in separate cells-recesses (3) of the front surface of the plate (1) images of symbols (letters of numbers), geometric figures or multidirectional arrows, general the number and type of which are set by a specialist.

After the "Trainer-triangle" is transferred to the patient performing the task, which, during the time interval specified by the specialist (from 20 seconds or more), remembers the images written into the recessed cells (3) and their location on the front surface of the plate (1).

Next, the patient performing the task turns the "Triangle Trainer" face down, after which he tries to reproduce the images he has memorized, inscribing them into the corresponding groove cells (3) on the back surface of the plate (1).

In case of difficulty, the patient performing the task can turn the "Trainer-triangle" for a short time, thus receiving a hint.

Checking the correctness of the task is carried out by comparing the images inscribed in the cells-recesses (3) on the front and back surfaces of the plate (1) due to one or more turns of the "Trainer-triangle" held by the handle (2).

Further, all images inscribed in the recessed cells (3) are removed with a sponge to erase water markers, the patient who forms the task and the patient who performs the task change roles and the whole sequence of actions is repeated a number of times specified by the specialist.

As patients achieve positive results in the restoration of visual-spatial memory, tasks become more complicated by:

a) increasing the number of images that fit into the recessed cells (3) on the front surface of the plate (1);

b) reducing the time during which the memorization of images in the recessed cells is carried out (3).

After mastering the work with the "Trainer-triangle" under the guidance of a specialist, patients get the opportunity to conduct independent group lessons with him.

Thus, the effectiveness of using the "Triangle Trainer" in the course of classes to restore counting operations and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic is ensured by the fact that the process of training includes social factors of influence on the mental sphere of patients through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competitiveness, etc. It is also important that in case of lack of motivation to train in one patient group, there is his motivation to train from the other patient.

Along with lessons on the restoration of counting operations and visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic, "Trainer-Triangle" can be effectively used:

a) when conducting correctional and developmental classes with children who have disorders in the formation of counting operations and visual-spatial memory;

b) when conducting neuropsychological trainings with elderly people;

c) as an educational game aimed at developing and training counting operations and visual-spatial memory in healthy children.

Thus, the Triangle Trainer, due to its structural elements, provides an opportunity to conduct long-term courses of group sessions to restore counting operations and visual-spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in the neurological clinic, including patients with fine motor disorders and hand tremors.

The declared "Trainer-triangle" introduces an element of novelty into the process of recovery exercises, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients.

Due to its simplicity of design and ease of use, "Trainer-triangle" can be widely used in clinical practice.

Claims (6)

1. Trainer-triangle for group exercises for the restoration of counting operations and visual-spatial memory, characterized by the fact that it contains a plastic plate in the form of an isosceles triangle, located with the base upwards, on the front and back surfaces of which identical cells-recesses are made, and in the lower a handle is made in the corner of the plate; in this case, the cells-recesses are made with the possibility of inscribing numbers and images into them with a water marker, and are located on each of the surfaces of the plate as follows: in the lower part of the plate there is a base cell-recess, above which rows of cells-recesses are located in such a way that the number of cells -deepths in each row located above increases by one cell-depression in comparison with the row located below; in this case, the shape, number and location of the recessed cells on both surfaces of the plate is the same. 2. Trainer-triangle according to claim 1, characterized in that the cells-recesses have the shape of quadrangles. 3. Trainer-triangle according to claim 1, characterized in that the cells-recesses have the shape of hexagons. 4. Trainer-triangle according to claim 1, characterized in that the cells-recesses have the shape of octagons. 5. Trainer-triangle according to claim 1, characterized in that the cells-recesses have the shape of circles. 6. Trainer-triangle according to claim 1, characterized in that the cells-recesses are highlighted in a color that differs from the color of the plate.

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