RU2029463C1 - Animal farm - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: farm has a building with rooms for animals, a residential building, and technological structures. The farm is applicable for management of various farm livestock species. The building for animals has three floors - one for cows, one for in-calf heifers and steers, and the top floor is divided into two compartments - one for pigs and the other for calves. EFFECT: improved livestock management conditions. 5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to dairy farms.

 Modern dairy farms are built on a livestock of 800 to 5,000 cows. Two animal husbandry systems are used on farms: a stall-pasture or year-round stall (non-walking) and two methods of keeping: tethered and loose (box, without bedding or on a deep non-removable bedding), see S.V. Melnikov "Mechanization and automation of livestock breeders. farm .-- L .: Kolos, 1978, pp. 5-9-32.

 It is also known a device for keeping animals, containing a closed corridor made in the form of paired with each other the upper and lower ends of the descending and ascending spiral parts, rails located on the floor along the corridor, on which a conveyor is mounted from platforms with boxes placed on them having stall partitions with feeders and drinking bowls, means for removing manure into the collector and conveyor movement mechanism having an electric drive with recovery [1].

 The disadvantages of these farms are: 1) irrational use of manure, the main component of soil fertility, as a result of the need to transport manure over long distances; 2) irrational use of pastures; 3) complexity and high cost, in view of the high transportation costs, the provision of animal feed; 4) the complexity of organizing mechanized milking and mechanized cleaning of manure, frequent breakdowns of manure collection units, due to intense corrosion of mechanisms; 5) a large land area occupied by the farm; 6) violation of environmental standards, due to the overproduction of livestock waste that does not have sales.

 In the proposed farm, these shortcomings are eliminated by the fact that: 1) manure is exported daily, after harvesting the farm, in the field; 2) the livestock of productive cows is 200 animals, which makes it possible to organize normal grazing of cows; 3) a small livestock allows for the construction of farms near the production of feed; 4) the simplicity and organization of mechanical milking, without untying the cows from the feeders, and without the use of conveyors for cleaning manure, the latter is removed with a bulldozer in a trailer in a niche; 5) a three-story farm structure, located on the upper floors of calves and heifers, reduces the occupied area by three times; 6) full compliance with environmental standards by means of waste-free production, burning garbage, transporting manure into the field to a specially designated place for storage, and pumping the liquid fraction of manure through sewer pipes to a special pool on the field, followed by the use of manure and liquid fraction to fertilize the fields in a radius of approximately 5 km.

 The design of the proposed livestock farm is presented in figures 1-4.

 The main structure of the farm (see figure 4) is a three-story livestock complex 1, made of reinforced concrete blocks. On the first floor there is a productive herd, on the second floor there are heifers, fattening bulls and a maternity ward, and on the third floor there are calves and pigs, the farm orderlies. Common to all floors is the division of each floor into three main sections: the middle with the central passage, where animals are attached to the tethered keeping in two rows (the animals are combined on the third floor) and two extreme sections for the passage of the feeder. On each floor there is a gate 2 for passage of the feeder, feeders 3, windows 4. On the lower floor there is an additional middle gate 5 for passage of the milking unit. In addition, on the ground floor there are two trenches 6 with ventilation pipes 7 for storing root crops. In the middle floor slabs, holes 8 are made for the drain of liquid through the lattice windows. The floors are interconnected by stairs 9. In the upper floors there are lockable windows 10, railing for raising feed and newborn calves to the upper floor by means of a crane 11. The foundation is made indented so that the first floor is half below the ground surface. Animals enter and exit on the first floor through the middle gate 5 and the fenced passage 12. On the second floor, animals exit through the extreme gate 2 and the fenced straight downhill 13. On the third floor, animals exit through the outer gates 2 and the fenced radial downhill 14 Dumping manure from each floor is carried out by a bulldozer in a trolley 15 located in a niche having a sash 16. On the second and third floor, inclined planes 18 are installed in the window 17 for dumping manure 18. On the third tazhe mounted boiler plant 19 supplying farm clock hot water. The floor is divided in the middle by a movable partition 20.

 The layout of the farms is presented in figure 4. The livestock breeding complex 1 is framed by walking areas 21 - for cows, 22 - for heifers, 23 - for gobies with feeders 24, 25, 26 and a walking area partially enclosed in half, 27 - for calves and pigs. Across area 28, there is a two-story residential building 29 with all conveniences for farm and office workers, with basements for cellars on one side and a red corner, a library on the other ... self-service. To the right of area 28 there is a milk processing station 30, a warm garage for milking unit 31, a warm garage for milk tanker 32. A storage for fodder and animal feed 33, a room for change houses with showers and a steam bath 34, a forage house 35 with a room for a zootechnician, veterinarian, pharmacies. On the left side of the site 28 there are garages 36 for private and public vehicles and agricultural machinery, a mechanical workshop 37 and a diesel-electric station 38. In addition to the diesel power station, wind power plants 39 located on the roofs of the livestock complex 1 will create electricity for the farm, about 50-75% of the energy consumed. and a residential building 29. Heating of the farm premises is carried out using electric heaters. In the presence of power lines on the farm should be a transformer substation. The farm has a water tower 40 with a pumping unit and a tower for burning household waste and collecting ash 41. Food waste is used to feed pigs. The farm is planted on the north side with trees, at the latitude of Kharkov and to the south - with nut and linden, at a latitude north of Kharkov - with cedar, linden, birch. Area 28 has grass cover.

 On the part of the livestock breeding complex 1, the farm has trenches for storing root crops, silos and, in a fire-safe manner, a stack of straw bales. From the side of apartment building 29 there are garden plots of farm workers with the necessary buildings for keeping pets and birds.

 Farms are located in such a way that only one farm is located on an area limited to a radius of 5 km. It is advisable that the farm is located only in places convenient for grazing cows, but also picturesque from the point of view of human habitation - most often these places correspond to the so-called unprofitable villages, from which the inhabitants moved to the central estates. Communication between the farm and the central estate or the district center is carried out daily with the help of a milk tanker with a cabin for 6 passengers.

 The farm is as follows.

 On the lower floor of the livestock complex 1 there are productive cows in the amount of 200 animals, 100 animals in each row for tethered keeping. Cows are served by two teams of two people per row.

 On the second floor there are heifers and bulls for fattening in a total of up to 200 heads, when there are no pregnant cows. Heifers and gobies are served by a team of two people.

 On the third floor there are calves and pigs in a total of 400-600 heads. They are served by a team of three people.

 Manure is cleaned with one bulldozer on all floors in tractor trailer 15 with daily removal to the field during animal walking. Feeding animals is carried out with the help of 1-2 feed dispensers, depending on the distance to the location of the feed. Milking cows is carried out using 1-2 milking mobile units (operated by one operator), and depending on the productivity of the cows, three times a day: at 6 a.m., at 12 p.m. and at 6 p.m. Milk is transported to the dairy 2-3 times a day. In addition to the indicated brigades, the farm is engaged in servicing: a brigade of two people in a feed mill 35, a brigade of 2 people in a milk processing station 30, a mechanic and an electrician on duty, a storekeeper, accountant, watchman, livestock manager - the farm manager. The work of the farm takes place in one shift: the beginning - at 6 o’clock in the morning, the end - at 8 o’clock in the evening. The next day shift teams work. Thus, in total, approximately 50 people will be required to service the farm, taking into account holidays, holidays, sick days. This means that the maintenance staff needs at least a 28-apartment building, taking into account 2 apartments. hotel type and office.

 Sewerage waste from a house using sewage pumps is pumped together with the liquid fraction of manure outside the farms to a field collector, from where it is transported to the fields, or fed into the irrigation system, if any.

 Thus, from the environmental point of view, the farm has carried out a full range of technical measures that allows for the complete utilization of waste, which in turn will contribute to increasing soil fertility, at least in the farm's area of operation.

 The value of the proposal is not only technical, but also social and environmental. The social value of the proposal is the return of a person to long-lived places and the habitat of new places. Environmental value - the complete utilization of waste, while contributing to the improvement of soil fertility. The technical value of the proposal is to increase labor productivity, production culture, create waste-free production in animal husbandry, and reduce the land area occupied by the farm.

Claims (5)

 1. ANIMAL FARMING, including a building with animal welfare premises, a residential building and technological buildings, characterized in that, in order to increase productivity and culture of work and create waste-free production, the animal welfare premises are located on three floors, one of which is made in in the form of a barn, another in the form of a den for heifers and gobies, and the upper one is divided into two parts, one of which is made in the form of a pigsty, and the other - in the form of a calf.  2. The farm according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to ensure mechanization of the feeding and milking processes, three aisles with gates are made on the lower floor, two of them are the last for the feeder, and the central one is for the milking machine, on the second floor made two passes with a direct inclined descent, and on the third floor - two passes with a radial inclined descent.  3. The farm according to claim 2, characterized in that, in order to provide animals with feed in the winter months, trenches with ceilings and ventilation pipes for storing root crops are made in the extreme passages of the lower floor.  4. The farm according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to provide hot water for a residential building, utility buildings and a building for keeping animals, its third floor is equipped with a boiler installation and an electric water heater.  5. The farm according to claim 1, characterized in that, for the purpose of uninterrupted supply of electricity, it is equipped with a diesel electric installation and wind electric installations installed on the roofs of the building for keeping animals and a residential building.

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