RU2027512C1 - Grain and groats product peeling and grinding machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food-processing industry. SUBSTANCE: machine has spiral-shaped stator and rotor formed as steel tube with longitudinal tubular members welded at an angle of 5-7 deg. relative to tube cylindrical surface generatrix. EFFECT: increased efficiency and simplified construction. 3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the grain processing industry, in particular to the processing of grain cereals and legumes (oats, barley, peas, etc.), and can be used for the most complete removal from the grain and its large-scale products of the shell, the germ and thereby improve the quality of the finished cereals and flour.

 Known peeling and grinding machine of domestic production of the brand A1-3ShN-3, including a perforated cylinder, inside of which is placed a vertical shaft with horizontally abrasive wheels mounted on it; there are inlet and outlet pipes.

The disadvantages of such a machine are:
large wear of abrasive wheels with the inevitable clogging of grain and ingress of particles of abrasive hard material into the cereal;
decrease in grain processing intensity during wear of abrasive wheels;
the lack of a working gap in the regulator machine on the go, as in a stationary position;
intensive wear of abrasive wheels and a perforated cylinder necessitates frequent replacement, which increases the cost of operating the machine;
increased machine vibration due to wear of abrasive wheels and their high location at a large number of revolutions (850 per minute);
high consumption of drive energy - 6 kW / t˙h.

 The closest to the proposed technical essence and the achieved result is a machine for separating the embryo from the grain of corn. In this machine, grain is crushed to separate the embryo.

 The disadvantage of the machine is that the lower, most distant from the loading nozzle stator section is made smooth, and the rotor is drawn from gas pipes located close to each other. The disadvantages of the machine are: the difficulty of manufacturing a rotor from a set of integral gas pipes, insufficiently peeling grain occurring between the rotor and the smooth section of the stator, insufficiently intensive mixing of the product in the peeling zone, which occurs when the gas pipes are connected together on the rotor, and the metal is very heavy in the rotor whole tubes, the complexity of the device and the action of the races to move the product along the length of the machine, the absence of a sedimentation chamber in the machine for collection s from grain and carried away by air from the working area of the light shells.

 The aim of the invention is a more complete separation of the shells from the grain of cereal crops and large products, giving the latter a better presentation, as well as simplification and improvement of the design of the machine.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a machine comprising a spiral-shaped stator, consisting of four sections, a rotor located inside the stator, mounted on a shaft, devices for receiving grain into the machine, a mechanism for regulating the size of the working gap, a sedimentation chamber for collecting light detachable shell products , collapsible hoppers and nozzles, the rotor is made of a cylindrical welded steel pipe, on the surface of which races are made, made of halves cut along the gas pipe under 5-7 ^of scrap to the cylinder. Racing is used to advance the processed product through the working gap around the rotor and along the length of the machine from receiving the product to the exit. The machine has a sedimentation chamber for collecting detachable shells. To intensify the separation of the shells, the peeling section of the stator is made corrugated from a set of gas pipes.

The slope of races 5-7 ^{о was} taken from the calculation so that the processed product with a rotor length of 700 mm had a five-fold revolution around the rotor, necessary, according to the experiments, to achieve the maximum removal coefficient from the grain shells.

 With the number of races around the circumference of the rotor with a diameter of 426 mm 30 pieces, a width of 30 mm, the gap between the races is 14.59 mm.

 Experimental studies have shown that such a gap between races intensifies the peeling process and increases the productivity of the machine. In FIG. 1 shows the proposed machine cross section; figure 2 is the same longitudinal section; figure 3 - rotor, two projections; figure 4 - construction of a spiral stator; figure 5 is a design diagram of the movement of the product in the car.

 The proposed machine consists of a rotor 1 made of a steel gas pipe with a diameter of 426 mm. On the outer surface of the pipe, races 2 are welded, arranged in a circle with a pitch of 45 mm. The rotor is mounted on the shaft 3 by a keyed connection with two crosses 4. The rotor cylinder is connected to the crosses by screws at the contact point of the spokes with the cylinder.

 The stator surrounding the rotor consists of the following suction sections 5, sieve 6, peeling 7 and grinding 8.

The working edge of the stator surrounding the rotor and forming a spiral curve is described for each section by separate radii r ₁ - r ₂ - r ₃ - r ₄ , drawn from four points on a circle in the center with a radius of 5 mm. The point where the curves of each section are drawn from is located on this circle between horizontal and vertical lines with radii r ₁ = 240, r ₂ = 250, r ₃ = 260, r ₄ = = 270 mm. Due to the different sizes of the radii of the sections between the stator as a whole and the rotor, a gradually narrowing working gap 9 is formed from the suction section to the grinding inclusively with dimensions between the inner edges of the stator and the outer edges of the rotor tubes along the horizontal and vertical radii of the rotor 38-28-18-8 mm (Fig. 5). The narrowest working gap is located at the place 10 of the product outlet to the suction section (on average 8 mm), it forms between the upper edge of the grinding section and the rotor races and can vary depending on the desired degree of processing of the material within 4-12 mm. This is achieved using the mechanism for regulating the width of the working gap at the output of the product from this gap by rotating the steering wheel 11. Supporting the grinding section on the hinge 12 allows this operation to be carried out while the machine is running.

 The machine has a nozzle 13 for introducing grain into the machine and a nozzle 14 for releasing it from the machine.

 The machine has a device for dust removal of its work. For an organized entry of air into the machine in the exhaust pipe 14, a channel 15 is arranged (Fig. 4). Dusty air is sucked out of the machine with separated shells through the suction channel 16. For primary cleaning of dusty air from light particles carried away from the machine, a sedimentation chamber 17 is installed in the machine with two exhaust pipes 14 and 18 and exhaust shutters 19. A pre-cleaned dusty air from the sedimentation chamber is sucked into the cyclone by a separately installed fan.

 For suction and removal from the machine of small products generated in the machine during grinding, a screen section 6 and collection and discharge bins 20 are used. The screen section is hinged on a hinge 21. The husking section 7 is corrugated from a set of gas pipes to intensify peeling.

 The machine operates as follows.

 The grain through the nozzle 13 is fed into the working gap 9, where it is picked up by the rotating rotor 1 and moves into the gap between the peeling section 7 and the rotor, and then between it and the grinding section 8. On this path, the grain is peeled and then ground. In the case of passing cereals instead of grain, shell particles are separated from it, and then the grains are ground with smoothing of the surface faces to give them a better presentation.

 The product leaving the narrow final working gap 10 into the widened gap is aspirated with the entrainment of small particles through channel 16 into the sedimentation chamber 17.

The aspirated product enters the sieve section 6, moving along the rotor length by 134 mm, due to the longitudinal inclination of the races 2. Small particles separated from the grain (grains) during processing are screened from the product on the sieve section 6. After this, the product is picked up again by the rotor and passes the second time along the indicated path, but moving along the car by the same amount (134 mm). The length of the rotor and stator (respectively 700 and 750 mm) are calculated based on the inclination of the race ^about 5 to fivefold product revolution around the rotor with a total processing path length of 7994 mm.

 On this way, the grain of membranous crops is freed from flowering films and shells in one pass with a peeling coefficient of 0.9-0.95 and a kernel integrity of 0.90-0.95.

 The technological efficiency coefficient of grinding a large product (separation of shells) is 0.90-0.95.

 For comparison, the peeling coefficient of barley with a moisture content of 12.5-13% on A1-3ShN-3 machines, the peeling coefficient on machines currently used in industry is 0.84-0.88, and the technological efficiency is 0.78-0 , 83.

Claims (3)

1. MACHINE for PEELING AND GRINDING GRAIN AND LARGE PRODUCTS, comprising a stator with a spiral working surface, a cylindrical rotor placed along it with axial longitudinally mounted races mounted on its surface, a loading nozzle, characterized in that the cylindrical rotor is made of steel pipe and the races are welded to it at an angle of 5 - 7 ^o to the cylindrical surface forming it with a gap from each other and a constant step.  2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that 1/4 of the inner surface of the stator, the most remote from the loading nozzle and forming a peeling section together with the rotor, is made corrugated by a set of gas pipes.  3. The machine according to claim 2, characterized in that for the primary cleaning of dusty air from light particles carried away from the machine, it is equipped with a sedimentation chamber with two outlet pipes mounted on the side of the location of the loading pipe.

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