RU2009348C1 - Piston engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engine engineering. SUBSTANCE: crankshaft, which is kinematically interconnected with members 19,20 of four-link piston and pivotally connected to other members 21,22 of the piston kinematically coupled with an eccentric of the axle, is received in a case of the engine made of two parallel walls provided with ribs. Inner working chamber and two external compression chambers of alternative volume are interconnected through by-pass passages. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to piston engines (machines) and can be used in transport, agriculture, aviation and other fields.

 Known piston machines (engines), in which the main function of converting the energy of the working fluid performs the piston. During its movement, together with the change in the volume that it forms with the cylinder, the parameters (pressure, temperature, etc.) of the working fluid change. The inlet and outlet of the working fluid in the piston engine cylinders are controlled by a switchgear using valves, a spool or the piston itself. In most cases, the piston is connected to the crankshaft by a crank mechanism, with the help of which the reciprocating motion of the piston is converted into rotational movement of the shaft (TSB, t. 20, p. 1199, M., Soviet Encyclopedia, 1975).

 In the process of converting the reciprocating motion into rotational motion through the piston, lateral force is transmitted to the cylinder wall, causing wear on the pistons and cylinder.

 Known piston engine with a four-link piston (French patent N 2483518, class F 02 B 75/36), which consists of a housing formed by the cheeks, crank, shaft, connecting rod, bearings, flywheel, crank axis, connecting rod axle, inlet and outlet , candles, plates of a four-link piston, axes of plates, levers and wings. The change in working processes occurs by changing the internal volume of the four-link piston enclosed between the cheeks, one of the vertices of which is fixed on the axis perpendicular to the cheeks, the opposite vertex on the axis of the connecting rod, connected through a crank to the shaft, during the rotation of which, the shape of the four-link piston changes.

 The disadvantages of this engine are: lack of sealing between the lateral surface of the four-link piston and the cheeks, lack of sealing of the piston hinges, leakage of the crankcase, lack of gas distribution channels, which does not provide preliminary preloading of the working mixture. The presence of a movable backstage moving along the connecting rod, as well as additional levers that restrain the four-link piston from turning during a stroke of the working stroke increases the friction force, the mass of moving parts and complicates the design of the engine and its dimensions.

 One of the prototypes without a reciprocating piston engine that does not contain reciprocating motion is the F. Wankel rotary piston engine, in which a rotor with a gear wheel rolls around the gear. At the same time, its faces slide along the epitrochondal surface of the cylinder and cut off the variable volumes of the chambers in the cylinder.

 The sealing of the chambers is provided by radial and end sealing plates. The disadvantage of rotary piston engines is the imperfection of sealing between the cylinder and the tops of the rotary piston, the sealing of the ends of the piston, as well as the complexity of the equipment and manufacturing technology of the engine.

 The aim of the present invention is a piston rodless engine with two or more parallel walls, between which there is one or more articulated four-link pistons, the tops of which are fixed on eccentric axes perpendicular to the walls. Opposite vertices of the four-link piston are fixed by a shaft, during rotation of which the four-link pistons are able to change their volume and block the intake and exhaust channels of the working mixture in accordance with the engine’s strokes. The proposed design eliminates the action of lateral forces, improves the balance of the engine, increases the area of action of gases during expansion, improves the manufacturability of its design and maintainability.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that, unlike prototypes, the proposed engine does not have a connecting rod, and therefore the wings and holding levers. The function of the connecting rod is performed by the four-link piston itself, two links of which are pivotally connected to the crankshaft, and two opposite links are connected to the eccentric axis fixed perpendicular to the parallel walls, which ensures a change in the volume of the four-link piston during rotation of the crankshaft and excludes the possibility of its rotation. The presence of a sealed crankcase formed by the outer surface of the four-link piston, parallel walls and the casing of the crankcase, as well as the sealing of hinges and contacting surfaces of the four-link piston and side walls provide the possibility of preliminary compression of the working mixture. The presence of channels in the walls, which communicate between the two chambers of variable volume and are overlapped by a four-link piston in accordance with the engine cycles, provides gas distribution in the engine.

 The installation of a four-link piston on the eccentric axis allows you to adjust the internal volume of the four-link piston, i.e., change the compression ratio. Ignition of the working mixture and the beginning of the working stroke in the proposed engine starts from the bottom dead center, which allows to unload the main bearings of the crankshaft and improve their lubrication. Such adjustment allows the engine to work in ignition mode both from compression and from extraneous sources.

 The proposed engine provides for the possibility of adjusting the gaps between the sides of the four link and parallel walls as the engine wears, which makes it technologically advanced in the manufacture and repair and significantly increases durability.

 In FIG. 1 shows a proposed piston engine, a cross section; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1.

 The piston engine consists of a housing formed by two parallel walls with fins for heat removal 1 and 2, which are interconnected by pins 12 with adjustable bushings 11, the crankshaft 3, the bearing 4, the sealing elements of the hinges 5, 8, 29, springs 6, 7 , 30, pin 9, piston sealing elements 10, 14, springs 13, eccentric axis 15; the bypass channel 16, the candles 17, the flywheel 18, the elements of the four-link piston 19, 20, 21, 22, the channel for supplying the working medium to the crankcase 23, the channel for withdrawing the spent working medium 24, the channel for supplying the preloaded working medium to the piston chamber 25, the bypass valve window 27 , the casing of the crankcase 26, the sealing element of the crankcase 28, the nozzle 31.

 The piston engine device is made by two parallel walls 1 and 2 connected by studs 12 through adjustable spacer sleeves 11. Between the parallel walls on the bearings 4 is installed a crankshaft 3 and a four-link piston consisting of links 19, 20, 21 and 22, one of the vertices of which is fixed on the eccentric axis 15 located perpendicular to the walls, the opposite vertex of the four link is mounted on the crankshaft 3. The flywheel 18 is also fixed on the crankshaft. On parallel walls The channels 24, 23, 25, 27 and the bypass channel 16, through which the gas distribution phases are carried out during the movement of the four-link piston, are provided. A threaded hole for installing the spark plug 17 and nozzle 31 is also provided on the parallel wall. The sealing between the four-link piston and the walls is carried out by the sealing elements 10, 14. The joints are sealed with the help of plates 5, 8, 29 pressed by the springs 6, 7, 30. Internal the space between the walls is sealed by a casing of the crankcase 26 with a sealing element 28.

 The piston engine runs on a 2-stroke cycle. During the suction stroke (the four-link is compressed), the working mixture enters the crankcase through the channel 23 and fills the volume enclosed between the walls 1,2, the outer surface of the four-link piston and the crankcase 26. When the crankshaft rotates from the bottom dead center (working stroke), connected with it, the four-link piston increases in volume, since the opposite vertex of the four-link piston is fixed on the eccentric axis 15.

 With an increase in the internal volume of the piston, the link 22 closes the channel 23 and the preliminary compression of the working mixture begins. When passing the top dead center, the inlet channel 25 of the preloaded working mixture opens, which through the channel 27 and the bypass channel 16 from the crankcase falls into the internal volume formed by the four-link piston (the position of the four-link piston during expansion is indicated by a dotted line in Fig. 2). With further rotation of the crankshaft, the four-link piston begins to decrease in volume, while compressing the working mixture in the internal volume. When bottom dead center is reached at the end of the compression stroke, ignition of the working mixture from the candle 17 occurs. In the diesel mode, at the end of the compression stroke, fuel is sprayed through the nozzle. Gases, expanding, press on the entire inner surface of the four-link piston, one top of which is fixed on the fixed eccentric axis 15, and the other on the crankshaft 3, and drive the crankshaft 3 with the flywheel fixed on it 18. With a further change in shape, the piston link 22 closes the channel 23 of the inlet of the working mixture in the crankcase and opens the exhaust channel 24, and then the channel of the inlet 25, through which the compressed working mixture flows, displacing the remaining combustion products. With further rotation of the crankshaft, the channels 24, 25 are blocked by the piston links 21 and 22, and the working mixture inlet channel 23 opens, and the working mixture located in the internal volume of the four-link piston begins to compress under the influence of the kinetic energy of the flywheel 18.

 The compression ratio is adjusted by rotating the eccentric axis 15, which allows the engine to run on gasoline with different octane numbers, and when the nozzle is installed parallel to the spark plug, it will allow the engine to work in mixed cycles, i.e., start and warm up the carburetor engine, then switch to diesel engine cycle followed by turning off the gasoline supply to the carburetor and turning on the fuel pump.

 The simplicity of design, the absence of complex castings, make the engine technologically advanced in the manufacture and repair.

 Compensation for wear of the parallel walls and the piston is achieved by the selection of adjusting sleeves, and the possibility of grinding the planes of the guide walls on any flat grinding machine or manually increases the life of the engine and reduces its cost. (56) French Patent N 1379609, cl. F 02 B, publ. 1964.

Claims (4)

 1. A PISTON ENGINE containing a housing formed by two parallel walls, channels for supplying and discharging a working fluid, an output shaft, a piston made in the form of an articulated four-link with sealing elements, one top of which is pivotally connected to the axis, and the other to the output shaft, the working a chamber of variable volume formed by parallel walls and the inner surfaces of the four-link placed with the ability to move the links relative to the parallel walls, characterized in that, in order to increase e ciency, the engine is provided with a cover placed between the parallel walls to form a variable volume chamber between the outer surfaces of the piston and the edge of the four-axis is designed as a rotary cam, and an output shaft - eccentric in the form of a disk.  2. The engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cameras of variable volume are communicated using bypass channels.  3. The engine according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the sealing elements are located in grooves made on the end surfaces of the four link.  4. The engine according to paragraphs. 1 to 3, characterized in that a nozzle is installed in the wall of the working chamber.

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