RU2007755C1 - System for decease diagnostics - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: automation and computer engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has direct voltage power supply 1, commutator 2, decease name indicator 3, matrix 4 having coefficients of decease symptoms, symptom input unit 5, correcting capacitor 6, analog commutator 7, decease probability indicator 8, clock 9, first pulse counter 10, digital comparator 11, OR gate 12, memory unit 13 for storage of threshold values of decease risk factors, reference voltage supply 14, switch 15, AND gate 16, counting pulse generator 17, second counter 18 and unit 19 for determination of more precise decease symptoms having memory unit for storage of decease symptoms, switches of first and second groups, decoder and symptom indicator. Device provides new possibility to input information about decease symptoms which need verification from more precise diagnosis. EFFECT: increased functional capabilities. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to automation and computer technology and can be used for automatic differential diagnostics in medicine to classify various objects according to the totality of signs, for example, microorganisms, animals, as well as to clarify diagnostics in primary health care (feldsher-obstetric centers, medical outpatient clinics in rural terrain, health centers of industrial enterprises, mobile medical ambulances); training diagnostics for students of secondary and higher medical educational institutions; training of maintenance workers; training novice specialists in diagnosing malfunctions of radio equipment; diagnostics of diseases by astronauts who are on long space flights when radio communication with the Earth is excluded.

 Known electronic machine for automatic differential diagnosis, containing a constant voltage source, switch, disease name indicator, programmable resistor matrix, symptom input device, a threshold device including a comparator and a memory device, a disease probability indicator and a clock pulse generator. The diagnostic result is determined by the scale of the current meter in relative units of probability of the disease as the sum of the currents flowing simultaneously in parallel matrix circuits.

 The disadvantage of this device is its low accuracy, due to the use of pointer measuring instruments or operational amplifiers for the summation of currents, to the input of which a large number of diode-resistor circuits are connected, as well as the effect of changes in ambient temperature on the parameters of the diode-resistor circuits of the programmable matrix.

 The closest technical solution to the proposed one is a disease diagnosis system containing an indicator of the names of diseases, an indicator of the probability of a disease, a clock pulse generator and a constant voltage source, output connected to the input of the switch, the outputs of which are connected to the corresponding inputs of the rows of the programmable resistor matrix, to the inputs of the columns of which are connected the outputs of the input device for the symptoms of diseases, and the output of the storage device is connected to one input of a digital comparator a, as well as an analog comparator, a correction capacitor, a key, a reference voltage source, an AND element, a first counter, a counting pulse generator, an OR element and a second counter, the counting input of which is connected to the output of a clock pulse generator, with a key control input and with a first input AND element, overflow output - with the first input of the OR element, and bit outputs - with address inputs of the storage device, with control inputs of the switch and with inputs of the indicator of disease names, the first input of the analog comparator connected to the output of the programmable resistor matrix and through the correction capacitor and the key to the zero bus, the second input of the analog comparator is connected to the output of the reference voltage source, and the output is connected to the second input of the I element, the third input of which is connected to the output of the counter pulse generator, and the output to by the counting input of the first counter, the second input of the digital comparator is connected to the discharge outputs of the first counter and to the inputs of the indicator of the probability of disease, and the output is connected to the second input of the OR element, the output is connected Foot to stop entry of the clock, the trigger input of which is the trigger input of the device.

 A disadvantage of the known system is the relatively low functionality due to the lack of information about the symptoms that accompany the indicated diseases (malfunctions), but are not entered into the symptom input device, which reduces the reliability of the diagnosis.

 The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the functionality of the system for diagnosing diseases (malfunctions), namely obtaining information about the symptoms of diseases (malfunctions) that need to be checked to clarify the diagnosis.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that in a disease diagnosis system containing an indicator of disease names, an indicator of disease probability, a clock pulse generator, a constant voltage source, a switch, a matrix of disease symptom coefficients, a symptom input device, an analog comparator, a voltage reference source, capacitor, key, first and second pulse counters, AND element, counting pulse generator, OR element, digital comparator and memory block of boundary values of disease risk factors moreover, the output of the constant voltage source is connected to the information input of the switch, the control inputs of which are connected to the discharge outputs of the second pulse counter, inputs of the indicator of the names of diseases and address inputs of the memory block of the boundary values of disease risk factors, the outputs of the switch are connected to the corresponding inputs of the rows of the matrix of disease symptom coefficients, to the inputs of the poles of which the outputs of the device for inputting the symptoms of diseases are connected, the first input of the analog comparator is connected to the output of the matrix of disease symptom coefficients and through a correction capacitor and a key to the zero bus, the second input of the analog comparator is connected to the output of the reference voltage source, and the output of the analog comparator is connected to the first input of the element And, the second input of which is connected to the output of the counter pulse generator, and the third input - with the output of the clock generator, the counting input of the second pulse counter and the control input of the key, the output of the element And is connected to the counting input of the first pulse counter, the e outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the disease probability indicator and the first input of the digital comparator, the second input of which is bitwise connected to the output of the memory block of the boundary values of the disease risk factors, the output of the digital comparator is connected to the first input of the OR element, the second input of which is connected to the overflow output of the second pulse counter , the output of the OR element is connected to the stop input of the clock generator, the starting input of which is the starting input of the system, an additional block is introduced the specification of disease symptoms, the information inputs of which are connected to the discharge outputs of the second counter, and the control inputs are connected to the outputs of the device for the input of disease symptoms, and the unit for determining the disease symptoms to be specified contains a disease symptom memory unit, keys of the first and second groups, a decoder and symptom indicator, output the disease symptom memory unit is connected to the first inputs of the keys of the first group, the second inputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the specifying symptoms definition unit diseases, the information inputs of which are connected to the combined first inputs of the keys of the second group, the second inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the keys of the first group, the outputs of the keys of the second group are connected to the corresponding inputs of the decoder, the output of which is connected to the input of the disease name indicator.

 When analyzing well-known technical solutions, no solutions were found having features similar to the totality of the distinguishing features of the present invention. Based on the analysis, we can conclude that the claimed technical solution has significant differences.

 The presence of a set of essential features will ensure the expansion of the system's functionality.

 In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a system; in FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a block for determining qualifying symptoms of diseases; in FIG. 3 - time diagrams explaining the operation of the system.

 The system for diagnosing diseases (malfunctions) contains a constant voltage source 1, switch 2, an indicator 3 of disease names, a matrix of 4 disease symptom coefficients, a symptom input device 5, a correction capacitor 6, an analog comparator 7, a disease probability indicator 8, a clock pulse generator 9, the first counter 10, digital comparator 11, OR element 12, block 13 of the boundary values of disease risk factors, reference voltage source 14, key 15, element 16, counting pulse generator 17, second count uk 18 and block 19 determination specifying disease symptoms comprising 20 memory unit disease symptoms, the first keys 21 and second groups 22, decoder 23 and display 24 symptoms. The capacitor 6 has a temperature coefficient of capacitance equal in magnitude and opposite in sign to the temperature coefficient of resistance of the resistors of the matrix 4.

The values of the risk factors for diseases corresponding to the boundary values, upon reaching which it is possible to qualify the presence of this disease, are entered into the memory unit 13 of the boundary values of the risk factors for diseases. Using the symptom input device 5, the values of R _{ji of the} resistances of the resistors of the matrix 4 are set (including zero values) in proportion to the coefficients K _ij with which the symptoms of B _i enter the disease A _j . These coefficients are determined a priori by the analysis of a large amount of statistical data. The probability of illness (malfunction) And _{j are} defined as the sum of the coefficients K _j1 . . . To _jn .

K_jiК_ji (1) и идентифицируется суммарным сопротивлением R_j соответствующей строки матрицы
R_j = R_j=

R_ji R_ji . (2)
Пользуясь тем, что коэффициенты К_ji определены заранее, целесообразно составить матрицу 4 из жестко запаянных резисторов, величины сопротивления которых пропорциональны К_ji. При этом автоматический ввод симптомов из устройства 5 ввода симптомов в матрицу 4 коэффициентов симптомов болезней обеспечивается использованием клавиатуры с фиксацией положения клавиш. Клавишные переключатели S_i содержат m секций S_ji по числу строк матрицы 4, контакты которых замыкают соответствующие резисторы R_ji. Поскольку однократное нажатие клавиш S_i обеспечивает одновременное включение всех резисторов R_j по столбцу B_i, этим способом гарантируется мгновенная готовность матрицы 4 сразу по всем видам болезней (неисправностей) А_j. Таким образом, применение групповых клавишных переключателей позволяет ускорить набор симптомов и запомнить этот набор на неограниченное время.P (A _j ) = P (A _j ) =

K _ji K _ji (1) and is identified by the total resistance R _{j of the} corresponding row of the matrix
R _j = R _j =

R _ji R _ji . (2)
Taking advantage of the fact that the coefficients K _{ji are} determined in advance, it is advisable to compose a matrix 4 of rigidly sealed resistors whose resistance values are proportional to K _ji . In this case, the automatic input of symptoms from the device 5 input symptoms in the matrix 4 of the coefficients of the symptoms of diseases is provided using the keyboard with the fixation of the keys. Key switches S _i contain m sections S _ji according to the number of rows of matrix 4, the contacts of which close the corresponding resistors R _ji . Since a single press of the keys S _i ensures the simultaneous inclusion of all resistors R _j in the column B _i , this method guarantees the instant availability of the matrix 4 immediately for all types of diseases (malfunctions) A _j . Thus, the use of group key switches allows you to speed up the set of symptoms and remember this set for an unlimited time.

Series resistor circuit R _ji . . . R _{jn of the} matrix 4 forms a controlled RC circuit with a capacitor 6, which, together with a constant voltage source 1, the corresponding switch key 2 and the discharge key 15, is an exponential voltage generator.

 The device operates as follows.

1-exp

-

, (3) где С - емкость конденсатора 6.The cycle of the machine begins by applying the "Start" signal to the input of the generator 9 clock pulses. The first clock pulse increases the contents of the counter 10 by one, after which the first channel of the switch 2 opens. The voltage of the constant voltage source 1 through the closed key of the first channel of the switch 2, the series resistor circuit of the matrix 4 charges the capacitor 6 (see U _c in Fig. 3). The bit key 15 at this time is open as a result of exposure to its control input signal U _g from the output of the generator 9 clock pulses. The voltage across the capacitor 6 increases exponentially U _with (t) = E

1-exp

-

, (3) where C is the capacitance of the capacitor 6.

R_1iC ln

, (4) а число импульсов, подсчитываемых счетчиком 10
N₁= f_n·T₁=

R_1i , (5) где α= f_nCln α= fnC ln

= const= const . (6)
Принимая во внимание выражение (1) и (2) устанавливаем пропорциональность цифрового кода N₁, вероятности Р(А_j) заболевания болезнью А_j. С выходов первого счетчика 10 цифровой код N₁ подается на первые входы цифрового компаратора 11, на другие входы которого поступает из запоминающего устройства 13 цифровое граничное значение N_1гр фактора риска заболевания болезнью A_j. Выбор нужного значения фактора риска из запоминающего устройства 13 гарантируется поступлением на его адресный вход цифрового сигнала с выхода второго счетчика 18. В случае, если N₁ < N_1гр, цифровой компаратор 11 вырабатывает сигнал останова, который через элемент ИЛИ 12 поступает на вход останова генератора 9 тактовых импульсов, запрещая его работу. При этом машина останавливается, индикатор 3 индицирует название болезни, блок 24 - симптомы, сопутствующие данной болезни (неисправности), но не введенные в устройство 5, а индикатор 8 - цифровое значение N₁ вероятности заболевания этой болезнью. Устройство 5 ввода симптомов (признаков неисправностей) обеспечивает блокирование индикации на индикаторе 24 уже введенных симптомов (признаков неисправностей) В_к болезни (неисправности) А_j. Таким образом, если болезни А_j соответствуют симптомы В_j, то на индикаторе 24 индицируются названия (l - K)симптомов, которые не введены в устройство 5, но целесообразны для проверки с целью уточнения диагноза. Дальнейшая работа системы при такой ситуации возможна только при повторной подаче сигнала "Пуск".The analog comparator 7 captures the moment of equality of the voltage U _c (t) and the reference voltage U _o (t) from the output of the reference voltage source 14 and provides a signal U _t to the first input of the element And 16. At the third input of the element And 16 from the generator 17 pulses are received from repetition rate f _n . At the output of element And 16, a signal U _{16 is formed} in the form of a burst of pulses, the number of which is calculated by the counter 10. The duration of the burst of pulses is determined by the formula
T ₁ =

R _1i C ln

, (4) and the number of pulses counted by the counter 10
N ₁ = f _n · T ₁ =

R _1i , (5) where α = f _n Cln α = fnC ln

= const = const. (6)
Taking into account the expression (1) and (2) we establish the proportionality of the digital code N ₁ , the probability P (A _j ) of the disease with disease A _j . From the outputs of the first counter 10, the digital code N ₁ is supplied to the first inputs of the digital comparator 11, to the other inputs of which the digital boundary value N _1gr of the disease risk factor A _j comes from the memory 13. The choice of the desired value of the risk factor from the storage device 13 is guaranteed by the receipt of a digital signal at its address input from the output of the second counter 18. In the event that N ₁ <N _1g , the digital comparator 11 generates a stop signal, which through the OR element 12 is fed to the generator stop input 9 clock pulses, inhibiting its operation. At the same time, the machine stops, indicator 3 indicates the name of the disease, block 24 indicates the symptoms associated with the disease (malfunction) but not entered into device 5, and indicator 8 indicates the digital value N _{1 for the} probability of the disease. The device 5 for the input of symptoms (signs of malfunctions) provides a block indication on the indicator 24 already entered symptoms (signs of malfunctions) In _the disease (malfunction) And _j . Thus, if the disease A _j corresponds to the symptoms of B _j , then the indicator 24 displays the names (l - K) of the symptoms that are not entered into the device 5, but are suitable for verification in order to clarify the diagnosis. Further operation of the system in such a situation is possible only with the repeated start signal.

The duration of the pulse at the output of the generator 9 clock pulses should be greater than the maximum possible duration of the time interval T, determined by the formula (4) at the maximum resistance values R _ji , followed by a pause during which the discharge key 15 closes, discharging the capacitor 6, and the corresponding switch 2 key opens, disconnecting source 1.

The second pulse at the output of the clock generator 9 appears when there is no inhibitory signal from the output of the comparator 11 (for N <N _gr ) or when the Start signal appears. This opens the second channel of the switch 2, connecting the second series circuit of resistors corresponding to the second row of the matrix 4 to the constant voltage source 1. Next, all processes are repeated similarly to the first channel, as a result of which decisions are made about the probabilities of disease A ₂ , A ₃ ,. . . . . . And _j . . . . . And _m .

When a condition N _j > N _jr arises for any disease, the system stops and displays the name of the disease and the magnitude of the probability (risk factor) of the disease with this disease. If necessary, the name of the disease and the corresponding risk factors can be recorded on technical media.

A contact control mode may be provided in the machine, in which the clock generator 9 generates one pulse when the Start signal is given, in order to indicate risk factors provided that N <N _gr .

 The machine stops also at the end of the operation cycle, that is, after polling the last m-th row of matrix 4. At the same time, the counter 18 clock pulses is overflowed, the overflow signal passes through the OR element 12 to the stop input of the generator 9 clock pulses.

 The proposed system for diagnosing diseases has a new quality - obtaining information about the symptoms of diseases (signs of malfunctions) that need to be checked to clarify the diagnosis.

 (56) Copyright certificate of the USSR N 181830, cl. G 06 F 15/42, 1965.

 USSR copyright certificate N 1140132, cl. G 06 F 15/42, 1983.

Claims (1)

 DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM OF DISEASES, containing an indicator of disease names, an indicator of disease probability, a clock pulse generator, a constant voltage source, a switch, a matrix of disease symptom coefficients, a symptom input device, an analog comparator, a voltage reference source, a correction capacitor, a key, first and second pulse counters, element AND, counter pulse generator, OR element, digital comparator and memory block of boundary values of disease risk factors, and the output of the source is post the voltage is connected to the information input of the switch, the control inputs of which are connected to the discharge outputs of the second pulse counter, inputs of the disease name indicator and address inputs of the memory block of the boundary values of disease risk factors, the outputs of the switch are connected to the corresponding inputs of the rows of the matrix of disease symptoms coefficients, to the column inputs of which the outputs of the disease symptom input device are connected, the first input of the analog comparator is connected to the output of the coefficient matrix symptoms of diseases and through the correction capacitor and the key to the zero bus, the second input of the analog comparator is connected to the output of the reference voltage source, and the output of the analog comparator is connected to the first input of the element And, the second input of which is connected to the output of the counter pulse generator, and the third input is connected to the output clock generator, the counting input of the second pulse counter and the control input of the key, the output of the element And is connected to the counting input of the first pulse counter, the bit outputs of which are connected to the inputs the probability indicator of the disease and the first input of the digital comparator, the second input of which is bitwise connected to the output of the memory block of the boundary values of the risk factors for diseases, the output of the digital comparator is connected to the first input of the OR element, the second input of which is connected to the overflow output of the second pulse counter, the output of the OR element is connected to the stop input of the clock generator, the start-up input of which is the start-up input of the system, characterized in that a block for determining the clarifying symptoms of pain is introduced Autumn, the information inputs of which are connected to the discharge outputs of the second counter, and the control inputs are connected to the outputs of the device for inputting the symptoms of diseases, and the unit for determining the clarifying symptoms of diseases contains a block of memory for symptoms of diseases, keys of the first and second groups, a decoder and indicator of symptoms, the output of the block of symptoms memory diseases is connected to the first inputs of the keys of the first group, the second inputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the unit for determining the clarifying symptoms of diseases, information inputs to They are connected to the combined first inputs of the keys of the second group, the second inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the keys of the first group, the outputs of the keys of the second group are connected to the corresponding inputs of the decoder, the output of which is connected to the input of the disease name indicator.

Images