RU2007067C1 - Shell-separating device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: device has a frame and receiving rollers, and shell rollers 3 mounted on it. The base of shell roller 3 is tube 5 of cylindrical cross section with longitudinal cuts according to the number of blades 6 fastened to tube 6 behind the cut down the roller rotation. Blade 6 ends in limiting platform 7. Adaptor 8 which front end carries projection 9 is fastened to tube 5 ahead of each cut. The front ends of adaptor 8 and projection 9 form combing edge 10. Slot 11 is a clearance between limiting platform 7 and combing edge 10. The structure stiffness is provided by guide plate 12 inclined to the plane of rotation of roller 3, the guide plate fastens together the back end of blade 6, tube 5 and the front end of adaptor 8. Guide strips 13 are fastened to the inner surface of tube 5 at an angle to the plane of rotation of roller 3. These guides are used for displacement of the shelled heap with grains along the axis of roller 3 and its discharge from the inner cavity of the roller. EFFECT: improved structure. 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, specifically to machines for harvesting seeds of panicle crops with tow.

 Known devices for threshing with tow, for example, a device for threshing crops on the vine [3], a method of threshing crops on the vine with vibration and a device for implementing this method [2], a machine for harvesting grain and seed crops [1].

 The closest to the invention in terms of technical nature and the achieved result is a threshing-separating device [4], containing a pair of receiving rollers and two rows of faceted threshing rollers installed in pairs behind them, on the surface of which screw coils are placed.

 The disadvantages of these devices are the low productivity of threshing, grain loss during threshing and energy costs for threshing grain and transporting it to the hopper.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the productivity of threshing and reduce grain losses.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that the threshing-separating device contains a pair of synchronously rotating rollers with elements for combing, separating and transporting grain, and each threshing roller is made in the form of a segment of a pipe of cylindrical section with several (two, three, four, five, six) longitudinal cuts evenly spaced around the circumference, with each of the cutouts provided with elements for the separation and transportation of grain. The transport element is made in the form of guide plates mounted on the pipe in front of the cutout at an angle to the plane of rotation of the drum. The second element of transporting the grain heap is represented by a guide bar fixed on the inner surface of the pipe also at an angle to the plane of rotation of the drum. The separation elements are formed by spacers attached at one end to the pipe behind the notch along the roll rotation to form a gap between the spacer and the pipe and the free end connected to the guide plates.

 Comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the implementation of the drum in the form of a pipe segment with longitudinal cuts, with blades mounted on the pipe, the implementation of the restrictive area and the protrusion on them, the implementation of the stripping edge and slit, the implementation of the guide plates and guide strips and the structural solution of the entire roller distinguishes The claimed technical solution from the prototype. Thus, the claimed threshing and separating device meets the criterion of "novelty."

 Analysis of the known technical solutions (analogues) in the studied area and related areas allows us to conclude that they lack features similar to the essential distinguishing features in the inventive threshing and separating device and recognize the claimed technical solution as the relevant criterion "significant differences".

 In FIG. 1 shows the proposed device, a top view; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 is a section BB in FIG. 1; in FIG. 4 - a fragment of the roller; in FIG. 5 is a view along arrow B in FIG. 4; in FIG. 6 - a fragment of a drum without a pipe; in FIG. 7 is a view along arrow D in FIG. 6.

 The device is a frame 1 with receiving rollers 2 mounted on it, threshing rollers 3 and a synchronizing gear 4. The basis of the threshing roller is a pipe 5 of cylindrical section with longitudinal cuts according to the number of blades 6, mounted on the pipe 5 behind the cutout in the direction of rotation. The blade 6 ends with a restriction pad 7. A spacer 8 is fixed to the pipe 5 in front of each notch, the front end of which carries a protrusion 9. The front ends of the spacer 8 and the protrusion 9 form a stripping edge 10. Slit 11 is the gap between the restriction pad 7 and the stripping edge 10. The rigidity of the structure is ensured by the guide plate 12 inclined to the plane of rotation, fastening together the rear end of the blade 6, that is, the restrictive area, the pipe 5 and the front end of the spacer 8 with a protrusion fixed to it 9. On the inside enney pipe surface 5 fixed at an angle to the plane of rotation of the guide bar 13.

 The device operates as follows.

 The receiving rollers 2 feed the plants with a panicle forward towards the threshing rollers 3. Most panicles fall into the gap between the threshing rollers 3 and the friction force extend forward. Panicles that deviate from the direction given by the intake rollers 2 are pulled into the gap by the threshing rollers 3. The threshing rollers 3 by the protrusions 9 impart oscillatory movements to the panicle while ironing it from the base to the top. The panicle is spread alternately along the blades 6 of one or another roller, and each grain is sunk into the slot 11 between the restrictive area 7 and the threshing edge 10, which breaks the stem of the kernel. The caryopsis separated from the plant by spacer 8 moves through the cut-out in the pipe into the pipe 5. At the same time, its trajectory is deflected first by the guide plate 12, and then by the guide bar 13 along the roll axis to one of its ends. The guide bars 13 act on grains that do not have contact with the guide plates 12.

 The threshing and separating device provides threshing of grain from panicles, its separation and transportation from the thresher.

 The increase in productivity is achieved by the design of the rollers, due to which the entire layer of grains that have fallen on the blade is stripped with the threshing edge of the blade.

 The flow of threshed grains is separated from the flow of leaf-stem mass, transported by receiving and threshing rollers in a straight line direction. All grains move inside the pipe, grain losses are excluded. (56) 1. USSR author's certificate N 1496690, cl. A 01 D 45/00, 1987. 2. USSR author's certificate N 87990, class. A 01 D 41/08, 1949. 3. USSR copyright certificate N1017209, A 01 D 41/08, 1981. 4. USSR copyright certificate N 1159508, cl. A 01 F 12/18, 1983. 5. Copyright certificate of the USSR N 1192689, cl. A 01 D 45/00, 1984.

Claims (1)

 THRESHING-SEPARATING DEVICE, containing a pair of receiving rollers and a pair of threshing rollers with stripping elements, characterized in that, in order to increase the threshing performance and reduce grain losses, each threshing roller is made in the form of a pipe section of a cylindrical section with several longitudinal cuts evenly spaced around the circumference , each of which is equipped with an element of separation and transportation of heap and grain, and each transportation element is made in the form of guide plates, fixed to the pipe in front of the cut at an angle to the plane of rotation of the drum, and a guide bar fixed to the inner surface of the pipe also at an angle to the plane of rotation of the roller, and the separation elements are formed by spacers attached at one end to the pipe behind the cut in the direction of rotation of the roller to form a gap between spacer and pipe and connected free ends with guide plates.

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