[go: up one dir, main page]

RU2005102710A - Система реакторов с несколькими параллельными реакторными блоками - Google Patents

Система реакторов с несколькими параллельными реакторными блоками Download PDF

Info

Publication number
RU2005102710A
RU2005102710A RU2005102710/15A RU2005102710A RU2005102710A RU 2005102710 A RU2005102710 A RU 2005102710A RU 2005102710/15 A RU2005102710/15 A RU 2005102710/15A RU 2005102710 A RU2005102710 A RU 2005102710A RU 2005102710 A RU2005102710 A RU 2005102710A
Authority
RU
Russia
Prior art keywords
reactor
reactor system
common
heat exchange
section
Prior art date
Application number
RU2005102710/15A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ханс Георг ЛЕФФЕР (DE)
Ханс Георг ЛЕФФЕР
Original Assignee
Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. (NL)
Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. (NL), Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. filed Critical Шелл Интернэшнл Рисерч Маатсхаппий Б.В. (NL)
Publication of RU2005102710A publication Critical patent/RU2005102710A/ru

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
    • C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
    • B01J19/004—Multifunctional apparatus for automatic manufacturing of various chemical products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/001—Controlling catalytic processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0242—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/025—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical in a cylindrical shaped bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
    • B01J8/067—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/20—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium
    • B01J8/22—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium gas being introduced into the liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/18—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
    • B01J8/24—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
    • C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
    • C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
    • C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
    • C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
    • C10G2/34—Apparatus, reactors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00168—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with heat exchange elements outside the bed of solid particles
    • B01J2208/00212—Plates; Jackets; Cylinders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/02—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles
    • B01J2208/021—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles comprising a plurality of beds with flow of reactants in parallel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
    • B01J2219/00004—Scale aspects
    • B01J2219/00015—Scale-up
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
    • B01J2219/00027—Process aspects
    • B01J2219/00038—Processes in parallel

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Система реакторов, подходящая для выполнения химических реакций, содержащая одну или более общих линий подачи реагентов, две или более реакторных секций, работающих как единый блок, и одну или более общих линий выгрузки продукта, при этом каждая реакторная секция содержит один отдельный реактор.
2. Система реакторов по п.1, при этом система содержит 3-8 реакторных секций, работающих как единый блок, предпочтительно 4, при этом каждая реакторная секция является отдельным, индивидуальным химическим реактором.
3. Система реакторов по любому из п.1 или 2, в которой каждая реакторная секция содержит один или более слоев катализатора, предпочтительно такая система реакторов, в которой каждая реакторная секция содержит многотрубную систему с неподвижным слоем катализатора.
4. Система реакторов по любому из п.1 или 2, в которой каждая реакторная секция содержит систему опосредованного теплообмена, при этом системы теплообмена работают совместно, предпочтительно система реакторов, в которой система теплообмена содержит термосифонную систему.
5. Система реакторов по любому из п.1 или 2, при этом система содержит одну общую линию подачи газообразного реагента.
6. Система реакторов по любому из п.1 или 2, при этом система содержит одну общую линию разгрузки газообразного продукта.
7. Система реакторов по любому из п.1 или 2, при этом система содержит одну общую линию разгрузки жидкого реагента или система содержит одну общую линию разгрузки жидкого продукта.
8. Система реакторов по любому из п.1 или 2 для использования в синтезе Фишера-Тропша, предпочтительно система реакторов, в которой реакторные секции содержат кобальтовый катализатор.
9. Способ получения углеводородов посредством реакции монооксида углерода и водорода в присутствии катализатора при повышенной температуре и давлении, в котором используют систему реакторов по любому из п.1 или 2.
RU2005102710/15A 2002-07-04 2003-06-20 Система реакторов с несколькими параллельными реакторными блоками RU2005102710A (ru)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02254697 2002-07-04
EP02254697.2 2002-07-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
RU2005102710A true RU2005102710A (ru) 2006-01-20

Family

ID=30011233

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
RU2005102710/15A RU2005102710A (ru) 2002-07-04 2003-06-20 Система реакторов с несколькими параллельными реакторными блоками

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20060002831A1 (ru)
EP (1) EP1531926A1 (ru)
JP (1) JP2006518327A (ru)
CN (1) CN1332744C (ru)
AU (1) AU2003246557B2 (ru)
CA (1) CA2491021A1 (ru)
MY (1) MY140981A (ru)
RU (1) RU2005102710A (ru)
WO (1) WO2004004884A1 (ru)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101228253B (zh) * 2005-07-20 2012-11-14 国际壳牌研究有限公司 费-托方法和反应器组件
DE102007024934B4 (de) 2007-05-29 2010-04-29 Man Dwe Gmbh Rohrbündelreaktoren mit Druckflüssigkeitskühlung
BRPI0817571A2 (pt) * 2007-10-02 2019-09-24 Compactgtl Plc planta para processar gás natural, aparelho método de processar gás associado com um ou mais poços de petróleo, e, sistema de controle para operar uma planta
US8497310B2 (en) * 2008-12-22 2013-07-30 Shell Oil Company Integrated process and reactor arrangement for hydrocarbon synthesis
CN102050751A (zh) * 2009-11-05 2011-05-11 浙江新安化工集团股份有限公司 一种亚氨基二乙酸盐的合成尾气处理工艺及装置
CA2839904C (en) * 2011-06-23 2020-09-01 Dow Technology Investments Llc Production of oxidized olefins
CN104262077B (zh) * 2014-09-29 2016-08-24 中国海洋石油总公司 并联环管型直接氯化生产1,2-二氯乙烷的装置
US9955802B2 (en) 2015-04-08 2018-05-01 Fasteners For Retail, Inc. Divider with selectively securable track assembly
EP3714973A1 (en) * 2018-07-26 2020-09-30 Doosan Lentjes GmbH Methane synthesis method

Family Cites Families (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE885242C (de) * 1948-10-01 1953-08-03 Leo Corp Verfahren zur Steigerung des Ausbrandes von Kohlenstoffbrennstoffen
GB701215A (en) * 1949-12-02 1953-12-23 Hercules Powder Co Ltd Furnace for treatment of fluid reactants
US2852545A (en) * 1954-02-15 1958-09-16 Frank J Jenny Method and apparatus for synthesizing hydrocarbons
US3334971A (en) * 1964-08-18 1967-08-08 Chemical Construction Corp Catalytically reforming hydrocarbon and steam mixtures
FR1571927A (ru) * 1967-07-10 1969-06-20
FR2246028B1 (ru) * 1973-10-02 1979-05-04 Electricite De France
US3890142A (en) * 1973-10-16 1975-06-17 Fierro Esponja Method for gaseous reduction of metal ores
US4046556A (en) * 1976-01-02 1977-09-06 Fierro Esponja, S.A. Direct gaseous reduction of oxidic metal ores with dual temperature cooling of the reduced product
US4279830A (en) * 1977-08-22 1981-07-21 Mobil Oil Corporation Conversion of synthesis gas to hydrocarbon mixtures utilizing dual reactors
NL191022C (nl) * 1978-01-20 1994-12-16 Shell Int Research Inrichting geschikt voor het katalytisch hydrogenerend behandelen van zware koolwaterstofoliën.
US4152139A (en) * 1978-02-09 1979-05-01 Hylsa, S.A. Method for cooling sponge metal
US4375983A (en) * 1979-04-26 1983-03-08 Hylsa, S.A. Method of making sponge metal
DE2918405A1 (de) * 1979-05-08 1980-11-20 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur erzeugung von kohlenmonoxid und wasserstoff aus methanol
US4789528A (en) * 1983-04-26 1988-12-06 Mobil Oil Corporation Technique for sequential rotation of reactors in a multi-reactor catalytic conversion system
US4482772A (en) * 1983-11-03 1984-11-13 Mobil Oil Corporation Multistage process for converting oxygenates to hydrocarbons
JPS60106527A (ja) * 1983-11-14 1985-06-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 二重管式発熱反応器
US4801573A (en) * 1987-10-23 1989-01-31 501 Den Norske Stats Oljeslenskap A.S. Catalyst for production of hydrocarbons
US5266281A (en) * 1989-09-16 1993-11-30 Xytel Technologies Partnership Catalytic reactor
US5202517A (en) * 1989-10-27 1993-04-13 Medalert Incorporated Process for production of ethylene from ethane
US5043057A (en) * 1990-06-25 1991-08-27 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Removal of sulfur from recycle gas streams in catalytic reforming
GB2281224B (en) * 1993-08-24 1998-02-11 Norske Stats Oljeselskap Solid/liquid slurry treatment apparatus and catalytic multi-phase reactor
US5489726A (en) * 1994-04-26 1996-02-06 Mobil Oil Corporation Highly selective N-olefin isomerization process using multiple parallel reactors
DE4416425A1 (de) * 1994-05-10 1995-11-16 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Methanol
US5750823A (en) * 1995-07-10 1998-05-12 R.F. Environmental Systems, Inc. Process and device for destruction of halohydrocarbons
AUPN758496A0 (en) * 1996-01-17 1996-02-08 Australian Magnesium Corporation Pty Ltd Calcination
US6482998B1 (en) * 1998-04-29 2002-11-19 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents, Inc. Process for converting oxygenates to olefins with direct product quenching for heat recovery
US6300505B1 (en) * 1999-05-19 2001-10-09 Huntsman Petrochemical Corporation Method and apparatus for improving the uniformity of distribution of a phosphorus-containing agent throughout a maleic anhydride catalytic reactor
DE10032304A1 (de) * 2000-07-04 2002-01-17 Basf Ag Reaktor mit einem Bündel von Kontaktrohren
FR2818990B1 (fr) * 2000-12-28 2004-09-24 Total Raffinage Distribution Procede et dispositif de desulfuration d'hydrocarbures charges en derives thiopheniques
US20030068260A1 (en) * 2001-03-05 2003-04-10 Wellington Scott Lee Integrated flameless distributed combustion/membrane steam reforming reactor and zero emissions hybrid power system
US7118917B2 (en) * 2001-03-07 2006-10-10 Symyx Technologies, Inc. Parallel flow reactor having improved thermal control
FR2824755B1 (fr) * 2001-05-15 2003-08-15 Physiques Et Chimiques Reacteur a plaques et son fonctionnement dans un procede catalytique exothermique
US6936082B2 (en) * 2001-10-22 2005-08-30 Haldor Topsoe A/S Very large autothermal reformer
FR2832416B1 (fr) * 2001-11-20 2004-09-03 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede de conversion de gaz de synthese dans des reacteurs en serie
US6914082B2 (en) * 2001-12-14 2005-07-05 Conocophillips Company Slurry bubble reactor operated in well-mixed gas flow regime
US6989131B2 (en) * 2002-03-12 2006-01-24 Uop Llc Catalytic reactor with integral evaporator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1332744C (zh) 2007-08-22
CA2491021A1 (en) 2004-01-15
US20060002831A1 (en) 2006-01-05
EP1531926A1 (en) 2005-05-25
AU2003246557B2 (en) 2006-09-28
CN1691978A (zh) 2005-11-02
MY140981A (en) 2010-02-12
WO2004004884A1 (en) 2004-01-15
AU2003246557A1 (en) 2004-01-23
JP2006518327A (ja) 2006-08-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
AU2006229865B2 (en) Process and apparatus for thermally integrated hydrogen generation system
Khademi et al. A novel configuration for hydrogen production from coupling of methanol and benzene synthesis in a hydrogen-permselective membrane reactor
CN112105593B (zh) 高能量效率的二氧化碳转换系统及方法
EP3132009B1 (en) Process
RU2003128600A (ru) Способ получения синтез-газа
TW200300703A (en) Catalytic reactor and process
CA2442491A1 (en) Process for the production of synthesis gas
CA2451416A1 (en) Catalytic reactor
CA2610290A1 (en) Synthesis gas production and use
JP2006508234A (ja) 触媒反応器及び方法
JP2008502766A5 (ru)
GB2536997A (en) Process
Rahimpour et al. Enhancement of hydrogen production via coupling of MCH dehydrogenation reaction and methanol synthesis process by using thermally coupled heat exchanger reactor
WO2016094482A1 (en) Methods of producing ethylene and synthesis gas by combining the oxidative coupling of methane and dry reforming of methane reactions
RU2005102710A (ru) Система реакторов с несколькими параллельными реакторными блоками
AU2012319146A1 (en) Process for providing hydrogen to a synthesis gas conversion reaction
Farsi et al. Methanol production based on methane tri-reforming: Process modeling and optimization
Avcı et al. Microreactor catalytic combustion for chemicals processing
US11666879B2 (en) Small channel short fixed bed adiabatic reactor for oxidative coupling of methane
Farsi et al. Dynamic modeling and operability analysis of a dual-membrane fixed bed reactor to produce methanol considering catalyst deactivation
Rahmani et al. A comparative study of two different membranes applied for auto-thermal methanol synthesis process
EP3265545B1 (en) Process for producing a substitute natural gas
CN102311096B (zh) 一种乙烯和合成氨工艺中深度脱除co和co2的方法
US20240017235A1 (en) Systems, Devices and Methods for Intensification of Reformers and Downstream Chemical Synthesis
Patcharavorachot et al. Using a membrane reactor for the oxidative coupling of methane: simulation and optimization