RU200258U1 - Combined particulate filter for diesel internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to engine building and can be used to clean exhaust gases in diesel internal combustion engines. The purpose of the utility model is to create a particulate filter design that excludes the use of consumables. A combined particulate filter for cleaning exhaust gases of diesel internal combustion engines, containing a primary inlet pipe. exhaust gas flow, outlet pipe, inlet swirling device, nozzle, housing, regenerator electric spiral, comb, fine filter, catalytic converter, receiver-distributor of the nozzle apparatus, inlet pipe of the secondary exhaust gas flow, baffle plate.

Description

The utility model relates to engine building and can be used for cleaning exhaust gases in diesel internal combustion engines.

Known particulate filter containing a housing with inlet and outlet pipes, a solid particle trap and perforated rods, filled with a catalyst solution and covered with a filter fabric material, in the design of which a partition is introduced, located between the rods and the outlet pipe perpendicular to the flow of exhaust gases, in which holes are made, the rods are directed towards the flow of exhaust gases and their bases close the holes in the partition, and the filter material covering the rods is located on the way of the exhaust gases between the particulate trap and the rods [RF Patent, IPC F01N 3/02. Particulate filter / Medvedev Y.S., Podchinok V.M., Savchenko V.A., Gordivsky V.N. - RU 2175392 C2; declared 01/05/2000; publ. 27.10.2001].

A device for purifying exhaust gases of a diesel internal combustion engine is known, comprising a housing with a filter cartridge installed therein, periodically regenerated by burning off soot. The cartridge is made with blind channels for gas flow. An air blower and an evaporating burner, made with the possibility of heating the filter cartridge, a control device for an evaporating burner and a blower are installed along the gas flow in front of the filter cartridge. A heat-insulating layer is applied to the body. Inside the inlet part of the body, there are guide vanes and a leveling grid. The filter cartridge is installed in the housing on an electromagnetic rod and is tightly pressed against the tapering inlet part of the housing by means of a return spring. In the inlet and outlet parts of the housing, pressure sensors of the control device are installed [RF Patent, IPC F01N 3/025. Device for cleaning the exhaust gases of a diesel internal combustion engine / Boyarenok A.G. - RU 2677745 C1; declared 12/19/2017; publ. 01/21/2019].

The disadvantage of these devices is the structural complexity of the device and the presence of perforated rods filled with a catalyst solution, which quickly fail due to contamination with soot particles.

Known is a combined particulate filter containing a housing with inlet and outlet nozzles placed in it in series downstream of the gas flow, a particulate trap made of porous material, and perforated hollow rods filled with a catalyst solution and covered with a filtering fabric material, the particulate trap is made in the form of a ball , the lower half of which is immersed in a solution for regeneration, and a partition is installed at the liquid-gas interface [RF Patent, IPC F01N 3/02. Combined particulate filter / Medvedev Yu.S. - RU 2202698 C2; declared 04/25/2001; publ. 20.04.2003].

The disadvantage of this device, taken as a prototype, is that perforated rods filled with a catalyst solution quickly fail due to contamination with soot particles and the presence of consumables such as regeneration solutions.

The purpose of the utility model is to create a particulate filter design that excludes the use of consumables.

The technical result is useful is to reduce the gas-dynamic resistance of the filter, increase the degree of cleaning and extend the service life of the filter.

This goal is achieved by the device of a combined particulate filter for cleaning exhaust gases of diesel internal combustion engines, containing an inlet pipe of the primary exhaust gas flow, an outlet pipe, an inlet swirling device, a nozzle apparatus, a housing, an electric coil of a regenerator, a comb, a fine filter, a catalytic converter, a receiver - distributor of the nozzle apparatus, inlet branch pipe of the secondary flow of exhaust gases, baffle plate.

These features are essential for achieving the goal and obtaining the technical result of the proposed utility model.

As a result of the symbatic application of the inlet swirling device and the nozzle apparatus, the exhaust gas flow acquires a powerful vortex movement, during which centrifugal forces begin to act on the soot particles contained in the exhaust gases, tending to throw the particles towards the walls of the housing.

The fine filter is a cylindrical body filled with a corrugated filter element, obtained by a combination of a woven filter layer made of thin wires made of corrosion-resistant chromium-nickel steel.

At the same time, to improve the retention of soot particles less than 1 micron, a combination of two types of meshes was chosen - plain weave and twill one-sided weave.

The implementation of the technical result is achieved by the device of a combined particulate filter for cleaning exhaust gases of diesel internal combustion engines (Fig. 1), containing an inlet pipe of the primary flow of exhaust gases (1), an outlet pipe (2), an inlet swirling device (3), a nozzle device (4 , 5), housing (6), regenerator electric spiral (7), comb (8), fine filter (9), catalytic converter (10), receiver - distributor of the nozzle apparatus (11), inlet pipe of the secondary exhaust gas flow ( 12), baffle plate (13).

The device operates as follows: the main primary flow of exhaust gases enters through the exhaust system of the diesel engine to the inlet pipe (1) of the particulate filter. The secondary flow of exhaust gases, passing through the inlet pipe (12) of the receiver - distributor of the nozzle apparatus (11), enters the converging nozzles (4, 5) of the receiver - distributor of the nozzle apparatus (11), while simultaneously acquiring a high speed and twisting.

At the same time, the main primary flow of exhaust gases entering through the inlet pipe (1) passes through the blades of the inlet swirling device (3) and also swirls, during which centrifugal forces begin to act on the soot particles contained in the exhaust gases, tending to throw the particles to the walls housing (6).

The rotating exhaust gas flow sequentially passes through the comb (8), while soot particles 3 ... 5 μm in size are retained in it under the action of centrifugal force, the exhaust gas flow rate drops, and the purified gases are sequentially fed to the inlet to the fine filter (9) and catalytic converter (10).

In the catalytic converter (10), the catalytic oxidation of fine soot particles occurs due to a decrease in the soot oxidation temperature from 600 ° C to 300 ... 400 ° C. In this mode, the proposed filter operates as a soot afterburner and a neutralizer of toxic gas components (CO, CH, etc.).

As a result of the afterburning of soot, the flow sections in the fine filter (9) increase to their original dimensions, as a result of which the gas-dynamic resistance of the filter decreases.

After cleaning the exhaust gases from fine soot particles and solids, the cleaned exhaust gases are fed through the outlet 2 to the atmosphere.

With a certain frequency, the electric coil of the regenerator (7) is connected to the 220 V electrical network, and soot particles are burned out within 2 ... 3 hours. In this way, stationary regeneration of the filter soot collector is carried out.

If necessary, regeneration can be performed using the vehicle's on-board electrical system or when powered by mobile power plants.

The size of the filter can be limited by the size of the engine compartment, as well as by the features of the installation of the particulate filter on a particular diesel engine.

Claims (1)

Combined particulate filter for cleaning exhaust gases of diesel internal combustion engines, containing an inlet pipe for the primary flow of exhaust gases, an outlet pipe, an inlet swirling device, a nozzle apparatus, a housing, an electric regenerator spiral, a comb, a fine filter, a catalytic converter, a receiver-distributor of a nozzle apparatus , secondary exhaust gas inlet, baffle plate.

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