RU198683U1 - A device (counter with Roman numerals) for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine in the field of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group sessions on restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic. The utility model contains a flat plastic base (1), on on the front and back sides of which there are numbers (2) formed by Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4) located above and below the Roman numerals (3) of each number, and Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4) are made in the form of depressions of the same depth, while the depressions are made with the possibility of highlighting them with water markers, and the front and back sides of the base are the same and differ only in the mark (7) located on the front side of the base (1), and an eyelet (5 ) with a through hole. Thus, "Devices o "due to its structural elements provides the comfort and convenience of long-term courses of group lessons for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in the neurological clinic, including patients with fine motor disorders and hand tremors. The stated" Device "brings into the process restorative lessons are an element of novelty, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients. Due to its simplicity of design and ease of use, the "Device" can find wide application in clinical practice.

Description

This useful model relates to medicine in the field of neurology and neuropsychology and can be used in neurorehabilitation departments of neurological and neurosurgical clinics when conducting group sessions on restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory in patients of a neurological clinic.

The forms of its organization used in the course of classes with patients of a neurological clinic with impairments of various mental functions play an important role for the effectiveness of restorative training.

Methods and forms of organization of restorative education should take into account the social nature of a person and create conditions for the maximum use of all the capabilities and abilities of a person, use of the influence of the social environment and other social factors on a sick person (Tsvetkova L.S.Aphazia and restorative education. M .; Moscow Psychology -social institute Voronezh: Publishing house NPO "MODEK", 2001, pp. 81, 82).

One of the forms of organizing restorative training, which is based on the use of the social environment and other social factors, is a group form of training, which contributes to the increase in the efficiency of restoration of impaired mental functions, expanding and supplementing individual training with a specialist and independent training of patients while they are in a neurological clinic ...

Group lessons allow realizing, first of all, the activity of communication and influence on the patient's personality through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competitiveness, etc. (Tsvetkova LS Aphasia and restorative education. M .; Moscow Psychological and Social Institute Voronezh: Publishing House NPO "MODEK", 2001, p. 9).

According to group dynamics specialist Marvin Shaw, a small social group is a community consisting of two or more interacting and influencing individuals (D. Myers Social Psychology. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 1997).

The use of a group form of training contributes to an increase in the effectiveness of restorative learning when working on the restoration of various types of memory in patients with neurological clinic, one of which is visual-spatial memory.

Various devices and simulators are used to conduct group lessons on the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory in patients of the neurological clinic.

So, from the existing prior art, the device "Trainer-plate with Roman numerals for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory" is known (RU 196445 U1 from 02.28.2020).

Structurally, this device is a rectangular base, on the end surfaces of which there are two handles, and on both sides of the base there is a row of numbers, each of which consists of Roman numerals, the elements of which are made in the form of recesses.

In the course of training with this device, one of the patients selects part of the elements of the numbers on the front side of the base by inscribing lines into them with a water marker, after which the other patient remembers the selected elements of Roman numerals, and from memory selects similar elements of Roman numerals on the other side of the base.

The disadvantages of this device when it is used in the course of group sessions for the restoration and preventive training of the visual-spatial memory of the clinic are:

a) the need to constantly transfer the device in the course of training from one patient to another;

b) the need to hold the device by the handle during exercise.

Also, from the existing prior art, the device "Quadrangular chip for group exercises to restore visual memory in patients of a neurological clinic" (RU 196218 U1 dated 02.19.2020) is known.

Structurally, this device is a flat plastic base of a quadrangular shape, on each side of which a recess cell is made, into which one of the patients enters an image, after which the other patient memorizes this image and writes it from memory into the recess cell on the other side of the base.

The disadvantage of this device when it is used in the course of group lessons for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory is that it is intended primarily for working with visual memory and is not intended for training sessions for restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above devices and simulators, as well as to expand the arsenal of devices intended for group exercises for restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory, a "Device for group exercises for restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory" has been developed (hereinafter referred to as " Device").

A feature of the claimed "Device" is that classes with it are based on the use of Roman numerals, which are one of the sign systems for recording numbers (Wikipedia. Numbers, found 03/05/2020 on the Internet at https: // ru. wikipedia.org/wiki/Numbers).

In this system of signs, various numbers are written by repeating Roman numerals. At the same time, if a large digit is in front of a smaller one, then they are added (the principle of addition), if the smaller one is in front of a larger one, then the smaller one is subtracted from the larger one (the principle of subtraction) (Wikipedia. Roman numerals, found 03/05/2020 on the Internet by address https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_numbers).

An important feature of Roman numerals, which ensures the possibility of their effective use in the course of recovery and preventive activities, is that both the Roman numerals themselves and the numbers formed by them are spatial structures that include one or more Roman numerals combined by two horizontal lines located above and below.

Therefore, the use of Roman numerals as a working material will enhance the interest of patients in the exercise process and increase the efficiency of recovery and preventive training of visual-spatial memory.

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) ensuring the possibility of conducting group sessions with patients of the neurological clinic aimed at restoring and preventive training of visual-spatial memory;

b) ensuring the comfort of training with the "Device" due to the absence of the need to hold it in the patient's hand, as well as the convenience of lifting it from a horizontal surface;

c) maintaining the interest of patients in the exercise process through the use of the new "Device";

d) providing the possibility of using the "Device" an unlimited number of times due to the fact that it is made of plastic, and graphic actions are performed on its surfaces by means of an easily erasable water marker;

e) ensuring the possibility of conducting long-term courses for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory due to an unlimited number of tasks, the formation of which is carried out by the patients themselves;

f) ensuring the possibility of conducting classes for patients with fine motor impairment and the presence of hand tremors due to the execution of Roman numerals in the form of indentations that do not allow the writing instrument to go beyond their limits;

g) the simplicity of the "Device" design, contributing to its widespread introduction into clinical practice.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the expansion of the arsenal of devices intended for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory, which helps to maintain the interest of patients in the exercise process and is ensured by the structural elements of the claimed "Device" that provide comfort and convenience for long-term group courses. classes on restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in the neurological clinic, including patients with fine motor impairment and hand tremors.

This technical result is provided due to the fact that the "Device" contains a flat plastic base, on the front and back sides of which there are numbers formed by Roman numerals and horizontal elements located above and below the Roman numerals of each number, and Roman numerals and horizontal elements are made in the form of depressions of the same depth, while the depressions are made with the possibility of highlighting them with water markers, and the front and back sides of the base are the same and differ only in the mark located on the front side of the base, and an eyelet with a through hole is made on the end surface of the base.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Appliance", the base is in the shape of a rectangle with rounded corners.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Apparatus", the base is in a circular configuration.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Device", the label is made in the form of a round hole.

In a preferred embodiment of the "Device", a white coating is applied to the surface of the recesses.

The essence of the utility model "Device for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory" is illustrated by drawings, which show:

in fig. 1 - General view of the "Device" from the front side;

in fig. 2 is a side view of the "Device".

The claimed "Device" (see Fig. 1, 2) is a flat plastic base (1), on the front and back sides of which are numbers (2) formed by Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4) located above and under Roman numerals (3).

In this case, Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4) are made in the form of recesses intended for their selection during exercise by means of easily erased water markers of the same or different color.

The dimensions of this particular "Device" indicated below are not signs that narrow the scope of legal protection, since they may change in the process of its creation.

Each number (2) consists of one or more Roman numerals (3) and two horizontal elements (4) that combine Roman numerals (3) into a specific number.

In this case, one of the horizontal elements (4) is located above one or more Roman numerals (3) denoting a number, and the other - under one or more Roman numerals (3) denoting a given number.

So, for example, the number "eight" (see Fig. 1) is formed by the Roman numeral "V", to the right of which there are three Roman numerals "I", and the horizontal elements (4) of this number are located above and below.

The width of the bars between Roman numerals (3), as well as between Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4) is 2-5 mm.

The depressions in the form of which the Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4) are made have the same depth, which is 1-2 mm.

The number of numbers (2) formed by Roman numerals (3) is the same on each side of the base (1) and amounts to 1-4 pieces, since with a larger number of numbers (2), the base (1) becomes excessively wide and inconvenient for conducting classes.

In this case, the front and back sides of the base (1) are the same and differ only in the mark (7) located on the front side of the base (1).

Thus, the design features of Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4), which are made in the form of indentations, provide the convenience of their selection with water markers and make the exercise process available for patients with fine motor impairment and hand tremors. At the same time, the shallow depth of the recesses does not prevent the removal of traces of the water marker by means of a sponge intended for erasing water markers.

The base (1) of the "Device" has the configuration of either a rectangle with rounded corners, measuring 40-80 × 30-60 mm, or a circle with a diameter of 40-80 mm.

An eyelet (5) with a through hole is made on the end surface of the base (1).

"An eyelet is a device on the side of various objects for more convenient lifting, holding, hanging, etc." (Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova. The meaning of the word ear, found on 03/05/2020 on the Internet at https://www.efremova.info/word/ushko.html#.XkdSQxtn3IU).

The thickness of the ear (5) is 2-4 mm less than the thickness of the base (1) of the "Device", and its width is 6-10 mm. The through hole diameter is 3-7 mm.

Thus, the eyelet (5) provides the following functions:

a) provides the spatial orientation of the "Device" on the desktop in the course of training;

b) allows you to install a metal ring in it, which provides additional convenience when lifting the "Device" from a horizontal surface;

c) provides the ability to thread a string connecting several "Devices" with each other, in the case of a group lesson with the simultaneous use of several "Devices".

For the convenience of lifting and holding the "Device" when it is turned over, notches (6) are made on the end surface of the base (1).

For the convenience of using the "Device" by patients, a mark (7) is located on the surface of the front side of the base (1), which can be made, for example, in the form of a round hole, on which a dark-colored coating is applied (for example, by means of paint).

For a better perception by patients of the colors of water markers, which distinguish Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4), a white coating is applied to the surface of the recesses.

Working with the useful model "Device for group exercises for restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory" is carried out as follows.

Before starting the classes, the specialist forms a group of two patients with approximately the same degree of visual-spatial memory impairment.

In this case, one of the patients in the group is appointed by the specialist who forms the task, and the other patient is assigned to the task.

Further, the patient forming the task, holding the "Device" located on the desktop by the edges of the base (1), using easily erased water markers of the same or different color, highlights one or more Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4) on the front side base (1) containing the label (7).

In this case, the number of allocated Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4), as well as the number of markers of different colors used is determined by a specialist and increases as patients achieve positive results.

Further, the patient performing the task, during the time interval specified by the specialist (from 20 seconds or more), remembers the colors and location of the highlighted Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4) on the front side of the base (1), and then turns the "Device" front side of the base (1) down and tries from memory to highlight with markers of similar colors the corresponding Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4) on the reverse side of the base (1).

In case of difficulty, the patient performing the task can turn the "Device" over for a short time, thus receiving a hint.

Checking the correctness of the task is carried out by direct comparison of the highlighted Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4) on the front and back sides of the base (1) of the "Device".

Further, all traces of water markers are removed with a sponge designed to erase them, the patient forming the task and the patient performing the task change roles, and the whole sequence of actions is repeated a number of times specified by the specialist.

Along with the above method, group lessons can be carried out in another method based on the simultaneous use of several (from 2 to 5) "Devices".

In this case, the patient forming the task highlights with one or more colors part of the Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4) on the front sides of the bases (1) of several "Devices" arranged in a row on the surface of the desktop, after which the patient, performing the task, within the time specified by the specialist (from 20 seconds or more) remembers the colors and location of the highlighted Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4).

Further, the "Devices" are turned over and the patient performing the task should try from memory to highlight with markers of similar colors the corresponding Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4) on the reverse sides of the bases (1) of the "Devices" used.

Checking the correctness of the tasks is carried out by comparing the highlighted Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4) on the front and back sides of the bases (1) of the used "Devices".

For the convenience of carrying out exercises for patients with the use of several "Devices" through the eyelet (5) of each "Device", a cord can be threaded connecting them with each other.

After mastering the use of the "Device" under the guidance of a specialist, patients have the opportunity to conduct independent group sessions with her.

The effectiveness of using the "Device" in the course of classes for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory is ensured by the fact that the process of training includes social factors of influence on the mental sphere of patients through the mechanisms of a small social group: interpersonal interaction, cooperation, cooperation, competitiveness, etc. Important it is also important that in case of lack of motivation to train in one patient group, there is his motivation to train from the other patient.

Along with lessons on restoration of visual-spatial memory, the "Device" is also intended for use in the course of preventive training of visual-spatial memory, the main difference of which is the greater number of allocated Roman numerals (3) and horizontal elements (4) and a smaller interval time to memorize them.

In addition, the "Device" can be effectively used in a number of other cases:

a) when carrying out correctional and developmental classes with children who have disorders in the formation of visual-spatial memory;

b) when conducting neurocognitive trainings with elderly and senile people;

c) as a chip of an educational game aimed at developing and training visual-spatial memory in healthy children;

d) as a memory trainer chip for healthy adults who want to improve their visual-spatial memory;

e) as a souvenir item, for example, a key ring or bag, which provides an opportunity to train visual-spatial memory in various conditions.

Thus, the "Device for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory" due to its structural elements provides comfort and convenience in conducting long-term courses of group sessions for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory with a wide contingent of patients in the neurological clinic, including patients with impaired fine motor skills and the presence of hand tremors.

The claimed "Device" introduces an element of novelty into the training process, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for patients.

Due to its simplicity of design and ease of use, the "Device" can be widely used in clinical practice.

Claims (5)

1. A device for group exercises for the restoration and preventive training of visual-spatial memory, characterized by the fact that it contains a flat plastic base, on the front and back sides of which there are numbers formed by Roman numerals and horizontal elements located above and below the Roman numerals of each number, moreover, Roman numerals and horizontal elements are made in the form of recesses of the same depth, while the recesses are made with the possibility of highlighting them with water markers, and the front and back sides of the base are the same and differ only in the mark located on the front side of the base, and an eyelet is made on the end surface of the base with a through hole. 2. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the base has the configuration of a rectangle with rounded corners. 3. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the base has a circular configuration. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the label is made in the form of a round hole. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a white coating is applied to the surface of the recesses.

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