RU1794140C - Foundation plate - Google Patents

Abstract

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: in a foundation slab under the columns of the building frame, the blocks in two mutually perpendicular directions in plan form ribbons passing along the center axes of the columns and consisting of intermediate unreinforced concrete or stone blocks and supporting blocks made of concrete or stone height greater than or equal to the height of the intermediate blocks. or reinforced concrete biaxially reinforced with a height greater than or equal to the height of unreinforced intermediate blocks, or intermediate blocks reinforced with reinforcement redistributed from the supporting blocks, and at the intersection points of the intermediate blocks of mutually perpendicular tapes, interconnected unarmored, joined with them and by means of keyed couplings blocks the dimensions of which in plan are equal to the width of the intersecting intermediate blocks; in this case, all key connections are made unarmoured, and the surfaces of the intermediate, supporting and connecting blocks contacting each other are separated by an insulating layer. The dependencies of the ratios of the parameters of the foundation blocks are given. 4 s, par., 8 ill. ate with

Description

The invention relates to construction, namely, the construction of foundation slabs for columns of a building frame, a structure being built on relatively weak soils and inhomogeneous foundations.

A well-known foundation plate for columns of a building frame, a structure including porous and intermediate blocks, interconnected by means of key connections formed on the interfaced lateral surfaces.

The well-known foundation slab can be made precast, monolithic, precast-monolithic and requires, in any embodiment, a large flow of reinforcement distributed over the entire area of the slab inextricably in two directions in the plan. Including fittings

for supporting frames providing the design position of the working rods, the total metal consumption for known solid foundation slabs is significant.

In addition, the presence of inextricable in two directions in terms of reinforcement significantly increases the complexity of construction and installation works carried out directly on the construction site.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the metal consumption, the complexity of the construction and construction time.

This problem is solved due to the fact that in the base plate under the columns of the frame of the building, the structure, including supporting and intermediate blocks, interconnected by means of formed at% 1 h

4

S

with

of the buckled lateral surfaces of the key bonds, the blocks in two mutually perpendicular directions in the plan form ribbons passing along the alignment axes of the columns and consisting of intermediate unreinforced concrete or stone blocks and supporting, made of concrete or stone a height greater than or equal to the height of the intermediate blocks, or reinforced concrete biaxial reinforced heights greater than or equal to the height of the unreinforced intermediate blocks, or intermediate blocks reinforced redistributed from the support blocks Cove armature, and the intersection nodes intermediate blocks mutually perpendicular bands placed and stacked them together by keyways bonds connecting blocks were not reinforced, the magnitude | e | ey which are equal in terms of width intersecting intermediate blocks; in this case, all key connections are made unarmoured, and the surfaces of the intermediate, supporting and connecting blocks contacting each other are separated by an insulating layer.:. :;. . ,:. : -.-..-;

In this case, the key connections between the intermediate, supporting and connecting blocks can be made with the ratio of the height 1 hshp of the key to its reach Ishp, determined from the dependence

2 - 3

 Ishp. .

For concrete or stone support blocks, the ratio of the height Hf of the concrete or stone support block to the distance 1c from the edge of the support block to the nearest face of the column or kneecap, as well as the height hshp of the concrete or stone support block above the key to the distance Icshp from the edge of the column or kneecap to the edge of the nearest key, the dependencies m are defined:

m, m

with icshp

where 1 m 2.

The base plate may be made of precast blocks or alternating precast and monolithic blocks. Concrete or stone support blocks of tapes can be stepwise, and the ratio of the height hvi of the step to its departure Ivi, while maintaining the above relations between Hf and 1C, hshp and Icshp, is determined by the dependence:

t /

Ivi

where 1 t 2.

0

5

0

5

0

5

0

5

0

5

Figure 1 shows the foundation plate in plan; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; Fig. 3 shows a node for intersecting blocks of mutually perpendicular ribbons in plan; in Fig.4 - node B in Fig.Z; Fig. 5 is a key-link, longitudinal section; figure 6

- section A-A in Fig. H, a variant of mating unequal-high blocks - supporting and intermediate; in Fig.7 is a section a-a in Fig.Z, an option for matching equally high blocks

- reference and intermediate; on the. Fig. 8 is a section along A-A1 in Fig. 3, a variant of the conjugation of the support block - step, concrete or stone with intermediate blocks.

The foundation plate includes supporting 1 and intermediate 2 blocks forming tapes in two mutually perpendicular directions in the plan. The tapes run along the center axis of the columns 3. The supporting 1 blocks are located under the columns 3 of the building frame, structure, and the intermediate 2 blocks are located between the supporting 1 blocks. The intermediate 2 blocks are made of unreinforced concrete or stone, and the supporting 1 - concrete or stone height greater than the height of the intermediate 2 blocks or equal to it, or reinforced concrete, biaxially reinforced with anne height greater than or equal to the height of the unreinforced intermediate blocks, or the intermediate blocks are made of reinforced , at least within the boundaries of monolithic blocks redistributed from the support blocks by reinforcement (not shown in the drawings), At the intersection nodes of the intermediate 2 blocks of mutually perpendicular ribbons of size the joints are joined with them by means of key links 4 connecting unarmoured blocks 5, the dimensions of which in plan are equal to the width of the intersecting intermediate 2 blocks, All the blocks are interconnected by key links 4, which are made unarmoured. The key connections are formed on the adjacent side surfaces of the blocks 1,2 and 5. In this case, the interconnected side surfaces of the blocks are separated by an insulating layer 6.

The blocks of the base plate can be made prefabricated or alternating with prefabricated and monolithic. For the monolithic version, the key connections 4 between the intermediate 2, supporting 1 and connecting 5 blocks are made with the ratio of the height hshp of the key to its reach Ishp, determined from the dependence:

2 JlshЈ s

Ishp.

For concrete or stone support blocks, the ratio of the height Hf of the concrete or stone support block to the distance Ic from the edge 7 of the support block to the nearest face of the column 3 or the kneecap 10, as well as the height hshp of the concrete or stone support block above the key to the distance Icshp from the edge of the column or the kneecap to the edge of the nearest key are determined by the dependencies:

Hfhshp m -t- m, t-2: m,

Iccshp

where 1 m 2.

Moreover, in the presence of a kneecap 10 with a bottom 11 of a distance lc, Icshp are received up to a face 8 of the kneecap.

If there is no kneecap 10 or if it is made without a bottom 11 and the column rests directly on the support block of the base plate, the distance lc. Icshp are received to the verge 9 of column 3.

Concrete or stone supporting blocks of tapes can be made stepwise, and the ratio of the height hvi of the 1st stage to its departure Ivi while maintaining the above relations between Hf and lc, hshpn Icshp is determined by the dependence:

t

 VI

where t 2

The value of the coefficient m depends on the foundation material and the stress state under its sole. For concrete, regardless of the stress state under the sole, it is sufficient.

The insulating layer 6 on the mating lateral surfaces of the blocks can be formed by applying adhesive coating or painting, e.g. bitumen, mastic in one layer.

Unreinforced keyed links 4 between blocks are capable of transmitting lateral and spacer forces from block to block, ensuring their joint operation in the structure. Reactive soil repression,. perceived by the intermediate blocks, is transmitted through the keys of the key links as a transverse force to the supporting blocks. The dimensions of the support blocks, as well as the width of the tapes, are determined by the shear strength of the keyway between the support intermediate blocks. The dimensions of the intermediate blocks determining the division of the slab into elements should exclude the possibility of cracking in the connecting blocks, as well as cracking in the intermediate concrete blocks of the tape due to forces acting in the plane of its longitudinal sections.

Crack formation in intermediate concrete blocks due to forces acting in the plane of the cross sections of the tape (with spans equal to its width) is controlled by the corresponding reinforcement of the reinforced concrete support blocks.

In this case, if it is necessary to create more favorable conditions for limiting the width of crack opening, it is recommended to distribute part of the reinforcement concentrated in the supporting blocks along the tapes between the monolithic intermediate blocks, coordinating the direction of the reinforcing bars and the orientation of the monolithic blocks.

It is advisable to distribute the reinforcement of this direction between the support and intermediate monolithic blocks along the tape in proportion to their width.

0 Mutual insulation of the contacting surfaces of the blocks, carried out during the construction of the slab, allows, subsequently, during operation, to combine crack formation in the slab with the constructive division of it into blocks, preventing the formation of cracks that can change the nature of the design inherent in the design and bring it to destruction.

0 In some cases, it is advisable to use non-shrinking cements for cast concrete for the proposed construction.

A variant of the slab that completely eliminates the use of reinforcement involves the installation of unreinforced supporting blocks operating on the basis of stone. foundations, i.e. mainly for compression. Such a favorable stress state of the support blocks, which causes the momentlessness for the rest of the slab, is created by performing the intended purpose. nii parameters of these blocks, the corresponding design requirements,

5 presented standards for stone foundations.

The claimed ratios of the parameters prevent the development of tensile stresses in the reference blocks.

0 Armless, momentless foundation slab of stone blocks can be made of the same height or variable height. In the first case, the key links 4 of the loaded support block, which accept the maximum lateral force, can be shifted to the sole 12 to increase the area and, consequently, the bearing capacity of the cut surfaces.

In variants with a variable height of blocks, when the height of the supporting blocks exceeds the height of the intermediate blocks, the key bearing strength of the blocks adjacent to the supporting block can be achieved due to the higher class of concrete of these blocks. A variable height variant can also be used for reinforced concrete support blocks.

Claims (5)

1. The base plate under the columns of the frame of the building, structure, including support and intermediate blocks, interconnected by means of key links formed on the mating lateral surfaces, and the blocks are in two mutually perpendicular directions in the plan form ribbons passing along the alignment axis of the columns and consisting of intermediate unreinforced concrete or stone blocks and supporting made of concrete ilm stone height greater than the height of the intermediate blocks or equal to it, or reinforced concrete biaxially reinforced with a height greater than or equal to the height of unreinforced intermediate blocks, or intermediate blocks reinforced with reinforcement partially or completely redistributed from the supporting blocks, and at the intersection points of the intermediate blocks of mutually perpendicular tapes, unreinforced connecting blocks joined to them by means of key connections are placed, dimensions which are equal in plan. to the width of the intersecting intermediate blocks, while all the key links are. are filled with unreinforced, and the surfaces of the intermediate, supporting and connecting blocks contacting each other are separated by an insulating layer, 2. The plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the key connections between the intermediate, supporting and connecting blocks are made with the ratio of the height of the key hshp to its reach Ishp, determined from the dependence hshc 2 fshp , 3 5 0 5 0 1C t 3. Slab pop 1 and 2, characterized in that for concrete or stone support blocks, the ratio of the height Hf of the concrete or stone support block to the distance c from 0 face of the support block to the nearest face of the column or kneecap, as well as the height hshp of concrete or stone support block above the key to the distance Icshp from the face of the column or knee to the face of the nearest key are determined by the dependencies hshp icshp where 1 m- 2. 4. Slab pop. 1, characterized in that it is made of prefabricated blocks or of alternating prefabricated and monolithic blocks. 5. The slab according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the concrete or stone support blocks of the tapes are made stepwise, and the ratio of the height hvi of the 1st step to its reach lvi is determined by the dependence t. -g  VI where 1 m 2.; 21 IZ T lvf Jlt  A i YES Fi-gb Editor Compiled by R. Aivazov Tehred M. Morgenthal Proofreader E. Papp