RU1793171C - Outer fence - Google Patents

Abstract

1luse: in housing and civil engineering. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: An external enclosure using an IMO: 4 J M: Anteea Solar radiation for heating consists of two walls 1 and 2 with an air gap 4 between them. The inner wall 1 is opaque, the thickness is determined based on the heat engineering requirements. In addition, the inner wall has a window opening 3 of horizontally extended shape located in the upper half. The outer wall 2 is completely transparent for the penetration of sunlight. Moreover, both walls are made with inlet and outlet ventilation holes 5 and b, located in the lower and upper parts of the walls. Between walls 1 and 2, heat accumulators are located in the wall of ribs 7 made of heavy concrete with metal rods, which can be replaced by pipes in which the heat carrier (water, air) is heated. 3 ill. fe

Description

The invention relates to building thermophysics, in particular to the use of heat from solar radiation to reduce heat consumption for heating buildings, and can be used in housing and civil engineering.

There is a wide variety of structural solutions for external walling (walls) using the heat of solar radiation with passive techniques.

A solar cell is also known for capturing the thermal energy of sunlight.

The marked solar cell is formed by a panel containing two walls, one of which (outer) is transparent for transmitting sunlight. Between the walls, located at a certain distance from each other, there are several opaque ribs designed to penetrate the sun's rays and capture their thermal energy. Energy transfer is provided by air circulating between two walls.

A drawback of said solar cell is that there is no window opening on the inner blind wall for direct penetration of the heat of solar radiation, which also serves as a source of natural light.

The prototype consists of a vertical solar collector and a heat storage wall. When sunlight hits the blackened surface of the collector wall, concrete absorbs some heat. At the same time, another part of the heat heats the air, which rises along the collector and enters the room.

The disadvantage of the prototype is:

the absence of additional heat accumulators of solar radiation in the form of ribs;

the absence of a window opening on the inner blank wall through which the heat of solar radiation enters the room and which serves as a source of natural light ....

An object of the invention is to increase the energy efficiency of an exterior building envelope.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the air gap heat accumulators painted in dark color are located in the form of ribs (cylinders or parallelepipeds) made of heavy concrete with internal metal rods and a window opening device on the inner blind wall for direct penetration of solar radiation heat and serving as a source of natural light, heat accumulators can be replaced by pipes in which a heat carrier, for example water, is heated by solar heat,

air.

The alleged invention differs from the prototype in two ways:

in a ventilated layer between an opaque wall with a window opening in

heat accumulators for collecting and storing the heat of solar radiation are arranged on the upper part and a transparent outer layer;

 inner opaque cushion - the wall has a window opening through which the heat of solar radiation also enters, which is an additional source of heat and natural light.

The essence of the alleged invention. nor is it possible to control the microclimate, i.e. additionally heat, ventilate and protect against overheating

depending on environmental conditions.

Figure 1 shows the enclosure side of the room; figure 2 is the same, a view from the outside; Fig. 3 - section aa

figure 2. .

The outer enclosure (panel), which uses solar radiation for heating, consists of two walls 1 and 2. The inner wall 1 is opaque, the thickness is determined based on thermal engineering requirements. In addition, the inner wall has a window opening 3 of horizontally extended shape located in the upper half.

The outer wall 2 is completely transparent to the penetration of sunlight.

The ventilation device is made in the form of an inner wall 1 with a window opening 3, an outer transparent wall 2 s

an air gap between them 4. Moreover, both walls are made with inlet and outlet openings 5 and b having valves. The holes can be solid or channel type.

For the unhindered passage of air into or out of the air gap, the area of the openings must be equal to each other. With a different shape of the holes, their reduced areas should be equal.

Due to this, the required air exchange in the room is provided.

Between walls 1 and 2, heat accumulators are located in the form of ribs 7 made of heavy concrete with metal rods,

which can be replaced by pipes, in

which heat carrier (water, air) heats up.

; The device operates due to the pressure difference between the inside and the gap between the walls, as well as due to the heat supply that the air in the interlayer is heated due to the net solar radiation, raises ck up and enters the room through the upper ventilation hole on the inner wall.

Air from the room through the lower air inlet enters the hole. Thus, heat enters the room. The ventilation openings are closed at night. The heat transfer resistance of the fence increases, heat loss decreases. In the cold season, the ventilation openings on the outer wall are closed. In summer, the outer guard is ventilated with outside air through the outside ventilation holes. In addition to tob, at high sunshine the distance a between; the walls serves as a sun protection for the window opening .. ...;.

The alleged invention reduces energy for heating and air conditioning. .....-, ..: /.

Heating energy is reduced:

due to direct heat of solar radiation entering the room through a window opening on the inner wall 3: due to the entry of warm air from the air gap 4;

by increasing the heat transfer resistance at night, turning the ventilated layer into non-ventilated one by closing the ventilation openings on the inner wall,

Based on the example of a typical project for a kindergarten with 140 seats, calculations were made to determine the reduction of heat consumption for heating using the alleged invention on the 1st floor of one of the south-facing facades. Scope IV climatic region, calculated outside temperature (-7) ° C, geographical latitude 42 ° C. M. The calculation shows that the heat consumption for heating is reduced by 8%.

The conditioning energy is reduced by ventilating the air gap with outside air and by the sun visor a.

FORMULA POSITION An external fence using solar radiation for heating, including-. further the inner wall with window openings, the outer transparent wall and the air gap between them, which are the inlet and outlet ventilation openings located in the lower and rhih parts, on the other hand. with that

X in order to increase the energy efficiency of the external building envelope, heat accumulators are painted in the air gap, painted in the dark color, in the form of ribs (cylinders) made of Heavy concrete with internal metal rods or in the form of pipes with a coolant, and on the inside a blind opening is provided with a window opening for direct penetration of the heat of solar radiation and serving as a source of natural light.

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Figure 1