RU1786263C - Method for formation of entry pillar - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the development of steep ore bodies. The goal is to increase work safety by increasing the bearing capacity of the sub-track pillar. The passage of the drift is carried out with the leading breaking of the rock part to a height corresponding to the total height of the drift and the underlying cavity, intended to form a sub-floor pillar. After harvesting the broken rock, the ore body is beaten with breaking it within the cross-section of the drift, cavity and notch lying below the bottom of the cavity. The broken ore is removed to the level of the sole of the cavity. The entirety is formed with a gap behind the chest of the drift by dumping the beaten off waste rock, and before that the sole of the cavity is covered with an insulating layer. 2 ill.

Description

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The invention relates to mining and can be used to form a sub-track pillar in the process of mining steeply falling ore bodies, preferably thin veins.

A known method of forming a sub-track pillar, including conducting drifts on the ore body with the grasp of the enclosing rocks and leaving the ore sub-track pillar.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low safety of the treatment pit and the high loss of ore in the block.

There is also known a method of forming a sub-track pillar, including separate excavation of the ore body and the host rocks of the design contour of the drift by drilling and breaking the massif in the ore and rock sections by charges of explosives (HE), shipping the beaten ore from the bottom, forming a cavity below the sole

drift with a height equal to the height of the pillar of the excavation of the ore with a notch of the enclosing rocks and the formation of the pillar by filling the cavity with the beaten rock from its sole to the bottom of the drift with subsequent grouting of the dumped rock.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the decrease in the bearing capacity of the pillar, which is directly exposed to the seismic impact of blasting operations when the reserves of the underlying floors are blown off, which in turn reduces the safety of operations.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the safety of work by increasing the bearing capacity of the sub-track pillar.

To achieve this goal, in a method of forming a sub-track pillar, including separate excavation of the ore body and the host rocks within the design contour of the drift by drilling and from VI

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a blasting massif in the ore and rock parts with fences by explosive charges, shipment of the beaten ore from the slab, formation of a cavity below the drift sole with a height equal to the height of the pillar of the excavation ore of the notch of the enclosing rocks and the formation of the pillar by filling the cavity with the beaten rock from its sole to the foot of the drift followed by tamponage of the dumped rocks, the drift is carried out in conjunction with the formation of the cavity with one face, while first the rock is blasted within the cross-section of the drift and cavity, then after removing the rock from the face, they include ore excavation with an ore body notch below the joint head of the drift and cavity, moreover, the ore part is broken at the same time along its entire height, the beaten ore is shipped from the face to the bottom of the cavity, and it is filled with broken rock to the beat ore at - a section whose surface at the level of the sole of the cavity is isolated.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a general cross-sectional view of the drift in a tunnel; in FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the drift in the light.

The diagrams show drift 1, ore body 2, sole 3 of drift 1, notch 4 is filled with broken ore, cavity 5 is used to form the pillar 6, the insulating layer 7, the rock part of the slaughter face 8.

The method is carried out in the following order. The required height of the cavity 5 is determined, which is equal to the height of the sub-floor pillar 6 (calculated according to the strength conditions — Nc). The height of the drift 1 in the light (Ns) is taken in accordance with the dimensions of the treatment equipment that will be operated with the drift. Next, knowing the required height of the drift in the light (Hs), the height of the drift in the penetration (Hp) is determined by the expression Hp SC + HC.

The passage of the drift 1 is carried out with the leading rock breaking part of the face 8: it is drilled with a set of holes that are charged with explosive charges.

Initially, advanced drilling and blasting is carried out at the rocky 8 part of the face, while at the same time the rocky part of the face of the drift 1 and the cavity 5, intended to form the sub-track pillar 6, are beaten off.

After harvesting the chipped rock, the ore part of the bottom of the drift is broken, while the ore part of the bottom of the cavity 5 and within the section of the notch 4 (below the bottom of the cavity 5) are broken. Wherein,

the notch of notch 4 is carried out with a width corresponding to the excavating power of the ore body, for which the indicated volume is drilled with downhole boreholes (wells), moreover, for breaking the volume of the notch 4, explosive charges of lower power are used (based on camouflage).

After harvesting the beaten ore, the described drift driving operations are repeated.

The whole 6 is formed with a lag behind the chest (it is advisable to take this lag no less than the size of the ore (rock) rejection zone. Moreover, the bottom of the cavity 5 is covered with an insulating layer 7 (at least the surface of the notch 4), after which the layer is chipped off rocks to the level of the design upper boundary of the under-track pillar 6 (design level of the sole 3 drift 1).

Then they plug with a hardening mortar (for example, cement-sand) a layer of broken rock.

To ensure the movement of the loading and delivery machine, the bulk of the loose waste rock from the side of the side of the drift 1 is sloped no more than 12 °.

To increase the strength of the pillar, it can be reinforced, for example, with a metal mesh applied to the surface of the insulating layer (made, for example, of rolled material: tol, ruberoid, polyethylene, etc.).

The surface of the pillar is leveled with a spray of concrete, in order to exclude the loss of ore fines during cleaning operations,

On the soil of the drift, from the side of the ore body, a slope is formed from waste rock, which excludes (hereinafter, during treatment) the entrapment of the beaten ore in this corner and thereby excludes manual (non-mechanized) work to extract ore from this corner.

As a result of the described operations, a sub-track pillar is formed which is separated from the underlying ore mass by a damping layer of loosened ore, which eliminates the intense destructive effect on the pillar during blasting operations in the underlying subfloor.

Compared with the prototype, the inventive solution provides increased stability of the pillar when exposed to explosions carried out during the development of the underlying reserves. In addition, the general organization of work is simplified, the drilling operations for the face are carried out in the development of a sufficiently large cross section, which allows the use of powerful drilling equipment.

Compiled by M. Zvonarev Editor B. Fedotov Tehred M. Morgenthal Corrector S. Yusko

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VNIIIPI of the State Committee for Inventions and Discover at the USSR State Committee for Science and Technology 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Rauska nab., 4/5