RU1782744C - Chopping machine - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in the woodworking industry for processing at 5 ri (-st-Lg / 7/7 &% Ј /. T-tf. LJ waste chips. The machine has a receiving funnel 1, housing 3, casing 4, pipeline 5 for removal of wood chips, a conical screw 6 with a cutting edge 7 located in the casing is mounted on the casing, and two blades are mounted on the shaft behind the screw. The wood supplied by the screw b is cut by its cutting edge, moving along it to the wood chip. The longest pieces of branches, based on a counter-knife, are chopped off with blades, the whole chips are mixed and fed into the pipes 5. wire 2 z.p.f BACKGROUND yl 7. VI GO VJ FIG IPL

Description

The invention relates to equipment for the production of wood chips, mainly substandard, from branches, bushes, fine wood (diameter up to 15 cm). The machine is used in forestry, land reclamation, as well as in the woodworking industry in the processing of its waste,

Chip production facilities are known which are similar to those proposed in their structural embodiment.

A known chip mill device is a drum chipper designed to produce chip chips. The machine consists of an impeller and a knife drum covering it, placed in a housing having a loading hopper and a chip output cartridge. The impeller is provided with axial beams and radial knives, fixed by strips on the blades x. The device also includes two types of counter-knives, radial and mounted at an angle to them.

When using such a device for producing substandard chips, significant disadvantages are revealed: structural complexity, the need for forced feeding, large metal consumption, large dimensions due to the large diameter of the drum, the complexity of installation and maintenance due to the large number of cutting elements and additional blades. It is known that, compared with drum crushers, when using a screw with a cutting edge as a working body, two to four times energy saving and simplification of the design are possible. Due to the presence of shock loads, a known drum machine requires, in addition, frequent regrinding of knives.

Closest to the invention in purpose and design is a chipper, including a receiving funnel for trees, a housing, a casing, a pipe for chip removal, a conical screw with a cutting edge (a conical screw-shaped element, part of the outer edge of the spiral surface of which has a cutting knife edge). The auger is equipped with a pushing blade, behind which an impeller is mounted on the shaft. The body is equipped with a transverse cutting counterknife and at least one additional counterknife.

A disadvantage of the known machine is its structural complexity. First of all, the screw has a variable geometry:

the angle of inclination of the cutting edge increases in the feed direction of the wood being chopped (from 3 to 8 °), the cutting angle of the knife / 3 changes accordingly (from 40 to 45 °).

which makes it difficult to manufacture a screw. The complexity is also due to the presence of a corrugated guide surface located opposite the knife and the cutout on the last turn of the screw (its radial

edge). The transverse-cutting counterknife is located on the body behind the helical surface below the inner surface of the bottom of the body, which does not provide an emphasis on it segments of branches, i.e. additional

splitting them in a simple way. Therefore, the machine is equipped with at least one additional counter-knife. As you can see, the minimum number of counterknives in the installation is two. The complexity of the machine and its dimensions are determined by the insertion of an impeller into it to remove chips into the pipeline. The purpose of the invention is to simplify the design of the chopping machine while reducing the size spread of the chips, i.e. improving the quality of the chips. The proposed chipping machine, as is known, includes a receiving funnel, a housing, a casing, a conduit for removing chips, a conical screw located in the casing

with a cutting edge, a counter-knife on the body in the lower inner part of it behind the helical surface, a pushing blade, a chip supply unit in the pipeline. In contrast to the well-known chipper, a screw with

the cutting edge has constant angles, including the angle of inclination of the cutting edge and the cutting angle of the knife. The counterknife protrudes above the inner surface of the bottom of the housing; its thickness (size parallel to the shaft) does not

exceeds auger pitch. The pushing blade is located in the same way as in the prototype, and has a notch enveloping the counterknife. The blade is designed to push the produced chips, as well as chopping and

pushing pieces of branches not cut by the cutting edge of the screw, in particular, due to the gap between the screw and the guide body (such trimmings are also obtained in a known machine, especially since

corrugated surface as it increases the gap). Symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation of this blade is a second blade with a corresponding cutout. The introduction of the second blade, also chopping

the length of the branches makes it possible to reduce their length (the spread of the length of the chips), since chopping occurs when the shaft is rotated through an angle of radians. A second blade is also introduced to improve balancing of the machine. Wherein

both blades function as an impeller, i.e. feeding chips into the pipeline: when they are rotated, the chips are fed into the pipeline by centrifugal forces. In order to prevent possible (as in the prototype) wrapping around a shaft by a branch, for example, when a branch or a bundle of branches is fed along the shaft, the casing can be equipped with an additional counter-knife mounted vertically parallel to the cone forming screw.

The goal is achieved by simplifying the screw (including simplifying its radial edge of the last turn), which determines the size and position of the counter-knife, which sets the shape of the blade, as well as by introducing a second blade that combines the functions of the blade and the impeller, etc. e. simplifies the car. Reducing the size spread of the chips is achieved by the fact that the pieces of wood are broken at each rotation of the shaft by Jt radian.

In FIG. 1 shows a chipper, general view; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 - auger with a cutting edge; in FIG. 4 - cutting edge of the screw; in FIG. 5 - section BB in FIG. 2, in FIG. 6 - counter-knife, in isometry; in FIG. 7 is a section BB of FIG. 3.

The chipper includes a receiving funnel 1 for trees 2, a casing 3, a casing 4, a pipe 5 for removing chips, and also a screw 6 with a cutting edge 7 located inside the casing 3. is 15 °, the cutting angle f $ is constant and equal to 45 °, the sharpening angle y is 43 ° (Fig. 4). The casing 3 is equipped with a counterknife 8, having a L-shaped in longitudinal section (Fig. 6), which protrudes above the inner surface of the bottom of the casing (Figs. 2, 5). On the shaft (Fig. 3) with a flywheel 13 there is a pushing blade 9 with a notch 10, designed to chop and push pieces of branches that are not cut by the cutting edge of the screw. Symmetrically of the pushing blade 9 relative to the axis of the shaft (Fig. 7) is a blade 11 with a cut-out, which is cut off with the help of which the shaft is rotated through an angle l radian. In the housing 3 can be installed an additional counter knife 12.

The machine operates as follows. Wood 2, branches or other fine wood is horizontally fed into the receiving funnel 1 for processing. Tree 2

captured by the cutting edge 7 of the first turn of the screw b, the edge 7 is increasingly embedded in the wood, cutting part of the fibers, the screw 6 simultaneously carries the tree to

5 until the cutting edge of the largest radius has finished dividing the wood into wood chips. The size of the chips produced depends on the pitch, diameter and conical tapering of the screw. Parts of branches whose length

0 is equal to (or greater than) the pitch of the screw, cut off with blades using a counter-knife into pieces. As a result of the rotation of the blades 9, 11 under the action of centrifugal forces, the chips are fed into the pipe 5 for removal of the chips.

5 Simplification of the design of the machine is due to the simplification of interrelated elements (for example, a screw), the rejection of complex units while maintaining their functions (corrugated surface, counter knife,

0 impeller). The introduction of the second blade allows to reduce the maximum length of the chips (which is important when using it in pre-furnaces), to improve the balancing of the machine. The exclusion of the impeller makes it possible to reduce the dimensions of the installation. The economic effect is derived from the technical and derives in part from simplifying the manufacture of the screw.

Claims (3)

1. A cutting machine, including a receiving funnel, a housing, a casing, a pipe for removing chips, placed in the casing of a screw that changes the cutting edge, 5 counter-knives on the housing behind the screw, a shaft, a pushing blade with a cutout and a chip supply unit in the pipeline, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the chips, the machine is equipped with an additional 0 blade, which is mounted on the shaft of a symmetrically pushing blade, while in the additional and pushing blades are made U-shaped cuts, and the angles of inclination of the cutting edge of the cutting and 5 the sharpening of the screw is made constant along its entire length, the counter-knife in the longitudinal section is made L-shaped and goes around the U-shaped cut of the pushing blade, 2. Machine pop 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional counter-knife, which is fixed in the lower part of the body and is parallel to the cone forming auger 3. A machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the cutting edge of the screw is 15 °, the cutting angle is 45 °, and the grinding angle is 43 °. Fig C / 3 6 Fig b FIG. 5 Bb