RU1778433C - Searchlight-type device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the design of a floodlight type device and can be used in light signaling for devices with reduced glare. The purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency by reducing light loss. The device contains an irradiator, the optical axis QQ, which passes at an angle to its axis of symmetry 00, illuminating (along the axis (QQ1) without loss of light flux, sources of secondary directional (along axis 00) radiation made in the form of reflective prisms 4 on a common bearing surface 5, passing at an angle / to the QQ1 axis, smaller than to the 00 axis (angle p) so that the outlet openings of the prisms 4 are separated by non-radiating sections 9, which reduce the average (blind) brightness of the spotlight without decreasing its luminous intensity. F.-ly, 7 ill. IS3 Fig.

Description

The invention relates to lighting engineering and can be used primarily in light signaling at various levels of external illumination (day and night), for example, in traffic lights and traffic lights, as well as in floodlights designed to illuminate living objects.

The aim of the invention is to increase efficiency by reducing the loss of light flux in the device.

In FIG. 1 shows an optical diagram of a device in round-symmetric design; in FIG. 2 - 5 - profiles of catadioptric rings on the output optical element; in FIG. 6 is an optical diagram of a device with a non-circular symmetric output optical element; in FIG. 7 is a profile of the output non-circular symmetric optical element.

The device (Fig. 1) contains a circularly symmetric irradiator in the housing 1 with black walls, consisting of a light source 2 and an annular collecting lens 3, the axis of symmetry of which passes along the axis of the device 00, and the optical axis QQ1 - at an angle of 30 ° to it. The prism system 4 on a common bearing surface 5 is an output optical element of the device. The prisms 4 of total internal reflection in the form of catadioptric rings (profile options in Figs. 2-5) are sources of secondary radiation directed along the 00 axis, made on the rear side of the bearing conical surface 5, forming at least twice the angle p with the axis of the device exceeding the angle gr formed by surface 5 with the axis QQ1. In this case, ty - the Working face 6 of the total internal reflection of the prism 4 forms the same angle j3 x / 2 + ij) with the input refractive face 7 and the output refractive face 8 passing along the outside of the bearing surface 5 (and being along essentially the outlet of the secondary radiation source). The luminous portions 8 are separated by non-emitting gaps 9 through which the dark surface of the housing 1 is visible. The outer side of the bearing surface 5 can be covered by an opaque (e.g., black) screen 10 with holes against the luminous faces 8, the combination of which forms the light opening of the device.

The projections of the holes 8 in the reverse direction of the rays 11 completely overlap the output aperture of the lens 3 (light hole of the irradiator). This is achieved by the fact that the distance P between adjacent prisms 4 does not exceed bsiby / sin V, where L is the width of the working area of the input face 7. In order to exclude light losses associated with vignetting,

p b

sln VHTT

where Ј is the angular divergence of the irradiator rays in the meridional plane, due to the inaccuracy of the light source 2.

The non-radiating gaps 9 (and, consequently, the width of the holes 8 and the distance p between them) should be small enough so that the light of adjacent holes 8 is fused for the observer into a solid luminous surface 5. In a road signaling, preferably 5 mm.

Wide design possibilities are provided by simple prisms with a right angle between faces 7 and 8 (). 30 °

 x 90 °, / (x + 90 °) / 2. V 90 ° - (p. The ratio of the width b of the working area to

the full width of a face 7 is

slntft

B / a 1 Vn2-sin2

This embodiment is shown in FIG. 2.

The input face 7 can be fully activated () when the rays refracted by it go inside the prism 4 parallel to the output face 8 (variant of Fig. 3). This is achieved only when the relation

tg p sin l cos - 1 / p,

where n is the refractive index of the material of the output optical element (e.g., pr 70 °. V 6.8 °, R 63.2 °, p 38.4 °). A variant with a flat bearing surface 5, when the cone degenerates into a plane, is shown in FIG. 4. here

 p 90 ° - / 2: 90 ° -.

0

The bearing surface 5 can pass to the axis OO1 at an angle p of 90 °. If at the same time the angle # is larger than the straight one, then the output faces 8 and sections 9 can no longer pass in the same plane. In this case, the tangent plane to the bearing surface 5 extends at an angle ip to the instrument axis by an amount величину larger than the output faces 8. as shown in FIG. 5, and for the prismatic angle / 3 the more general formula

In the circuit of FIG. 5, the angle # between the axes of the irradiator and the device can reach 110 ° or more, if the refractive index is 5 or more; the faces 7 and 8 of prisms 4 are parallel to the axis ОО1 and QQ1, respectively

().

The bearing surface 5 may, for design or layout reasons, be more complex than conical or flat. So, it can be performed with curvature in the meridional section, i.e., have a variable p. It is possible to use lens 3 of lower optical power (the focus does not coincide with light source 2), which does not provide a constant angle. In this case, the use of the indicated ratios for the p, ft, p values for each prism 4 and the corresponding surface section 5 separately also makes it possible to calculate the device circuit with the maximum use of the light source 2 flux.

In FIG. 6 shows a variant of the device in which the irradiator is made in the form of a collimator. Moreover, the bearing surface 5 is made in the form of a stepped carrier layer of transparent material and also contains faces 6, 7, 8 of total internal reflection prisms 4 used as sources of secondary directional radiation. The axis of the QQ irradiator extends at a right angle to the radiation axis 00 of the device. The front side of the carrier layer 5 comprises alternating faces 7 and 8, perpendicular and parallel to the QQ axis, respectively; its rear side is formed by alternating faces b and 9, passing at an angle of 45 ° and parallel to the axis QQ1, respectively. Facets 7 are the input refracting faces of the prisms 4. The zones of the faces 8 located opposite the reflective faces 6 (when viewed along the axis ОО1 of the device) are the output refracting faces. The rest (large) part of the surface of faces 8, as well as the surface area of faces 9 is equal to it, is inoperative. In FIG. 7 shows the profile of the part 5 that is optimal from the point of view of material consumption (the thickness of the carrier layer is equal to the width of the projection of the face b onto the OO1 axis), however, it may not provide the necessary stiffness at a small distance p between the faces 6, which is easy to ensure if the layer thickness and face sizes 7, 8 can be set independently of the sizes of the faces 6. The parameter p and the width of the faces 6 can be very small and different in different parts of the surface 5, which allows varying the distribution of the overall brightness over the area of the outlet of the device. The light opening of the device of FIG. 6, 7 are elongated along the axis of the irradiator and has an elliptical million rectangular shape. It is possible to use 5 instead of a collimator an annular lens and annular faces 6–9 with a round one, like the device of FIG. 1, a light hole blocked by a protective glass 13

The device operates as follows.

The irradiator beams 11 pass d through the refracting faces 7, are reflected by the faces b and through the refracting faces 8 are emitted along the axis of the device. Medium-sized p5 bone is equal to the brightness of the light holes 8, multiplied by the ratio of the total area of these holes to the total area of the output optical element 5. Thus, the optimal choice of the specified

0 ratios can significantly reduce the glare effect of the device. The rays 12 of the external illumination are absorbed by the housing 1 of the device, as well as in the presence of the screen 10 by the black front surface of the latter.

5 Using the optical circuits of FIG. 1,

6 in light-signaling devices allows reducing the average size (dazzling at small distances in the dark), without deteriorating their visibility from far distances, since the luminous intensity is not only not reduced, but even increases in devices with a ring irradiator by increasing the total area of the light holes (in proportion to the diameter of the catadioptric rings) compared to the area of the exit pupil of the irradiator with a slight (due to Fresnel loss) decrease in the local brightness of the holes. External brightness diminishes

0 due to both the light-absorbing screen (Fig. 1) and the relative (compared to the glare area of the irradiator) increase in the absorbing surface of the housing. The first factor reduces the average

5, the brightness of the illumination is proportional to the decrease in the blinding brightness of the useful signal, and the second is the local brightness of the illumination through the holes. Thus, the contrast of signals in the daytime is also not only

0 is saved, but can be increased. The use of the carrier layer in the device of FIG. 6, 7 of a slightly colored material allows us to improve color contrast, since useful rays travel a significant distance inside the output optical element of this design and acquire a greater color saturation than light rays.

In addition to light-signaling devices, the invention can be used in lighting projectors designed to intensively illuminate people at close range, for example, in theater studios, in order to prevent blinding, In lighting projectors (as well as in light-signaling, but protected from external illumination), the efficiency can be further increased by increasing the angle of coverage of the source.

Claims (3)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 1. A searchlight type device comprising an irradiator and an output optical element made in the form of a bearing surface with a plurality of light holes separated by non-radiating portions, the projections of which in the reverse direction of the rays onto the irradiator outlet cover the latter, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency by reducing the loss of luminous flux, the light holes are made in the form of prisms of total internal reflection placed on a bearing surface, while the optical axis of the meridion of the cross section of the irradiator is directed at an angle to the axis of the device, and the bearing surface is oriented to the axis of 5 0 5 a cross section of the irradiator at an angle not exceeding half its angle formed by the bearing surface with the axis of the device. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical element and the irradiator are round-symmetric in shape, the irradiator being made in the form of an annular collecting lens with a light source, the bearing surface has a conical shape, and the prisms of total internal reflection are made in the form of catadioptric rings, the input and output faces of each of which are located on opposite sides of the output optical element. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the irradiator is made in the form of a collimator, its optical axis is oriented at right angles to the axis of the device, the bearing surface has a stepped profile, the input faces of the prisms of total internal reflection are turned towards the irradiator, reflected the faces form an angle of 45 ° with them, and the remaining parts of the bearing surface are parallel to the irradiator axis. 0 ° a / 8.2 FIAZ -XZ-Јg a