RU1772791C - Device for hydraulic regulation of rotary machine rotor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of power engineering, in particular to a technique for controlling the torque characteristics of rotors of rotary machines. The purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency. The goal is achieved due to the fact that the device is equipped with an additional torque forming unit made in the form of two nozzle blocks located in the shaft cavity and symmetrically spaced in the radial direction. 4 silt.

Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering, in particular, to a device for the hydraulic control of the torque characteristics of rotors of rotary machines, mainly torque on the rotor shaft

Structural solutions are known, for example, of turbines (1), in which, when the load on the rotor shaft is sharply reduced, the maximum rotational speed is limited by the use of special structural elements in the engine flow section, i.e. obtaining a compensating moment, creating a braking effect and simulating the external load of the engine. In this case, the compensating moment on the rotor shaft is obtained due to the energy of the working medium of the engine itself and is actually an additional 1 torque opposite to the main torque developed by the engine on the rotor shaft. Such technical solutions make it possible to partially reduce the limiting rotational speed of the rotor and create additional load torque for the motor.

In individual rotary machines, the moment characteristics of the rotors are changed by adjusting the power of the motors regardless of the energy consumption. Such regulation is possible with a direct change in the available energy or in the flow rate of the working medium used in the engine, and requires mainly sophisticated equipment for automatic regulation and control, since usually engines with a sharp drop in moment load on the part of the energy consumer are prone to a sharp increase in speed. called theft, in which the dynamic stresses in the rotating parts are significantly increased, which become sources of emergency situations.

A device is known for automatic protection of a turbine with a decrease in the load moment and a sharp increase in the rotor speed, comprising a sensor made in the form of an enclosing motor shaft and a spring loaded load with a center of gravity displaced relative to the axis of rotation of the shaft, and a locking valve servomotor (L

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pan, the impulse line of which is connected to the sensor. In order to increase reliability, the load is made in the form of a frame with two Juice flat walls equipped with windows, flat bevels adjacent to the frame walls are made on the shaft from the outside. and inside the shaft - channels connected to the impulse line and interacting with the windows.

Disadvantages of the given device: Significant complication of the design, increased manufacturing cost, insufficient reliability in variable modes,

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of hydraulic control of the torque characteristics of the rotor of a horn machine by creating additional torque on the shaft due to the energy of the fluid filling the hollow shaft, when it is centrifugally flowing out through the narrowing nozzles.

The essence of the proposed device is to obtain additional torque on the rotor shaft, which coincides in direction with the main torque developed by the engine when the rotary machine reaches the rated or rated speed and, accordingly, the additional torque on the rotor shaft, opposite direction relative to the main torque of the engine, when the rotational machine exceeds the rated or calculated speed, i.e. providing rotor braking,

Distinctive features of the claimed decision are:

-use of an additional torque forming unit made in the form of two nozzle blocks located in the shaft cavity, the cross section of which is aligned with the longitudinal sections of the nozzles of the blocks;

- nozzle blocks are symmetrically spaced in the radial direction, which ensures a minimum of rotoa unbalance during rotation;

-each block consists of two oppositely and gangenzapno directed nozzles connected by a radial channel provided with an opening for supplying liquid, and from a cut-off of the fluid flow;

-heaters placed in the radial channel with the possibility of blocking the hole for supplying fluid during the reciprocating movement along the radial channel:

- cut-off fluid flow blocks puffed between each other by an elastic element,

and the highlanders of the nozzles of each block are brought to the outer surface of the shaft.

The author is not aware of technical solutions for hydroturning the rotor by

creating additional torque on the shaft, with the specified set of features, which allows us to suggest that the invention meets the criterion of significant differences,

0 The goal is achieved by the fact that in the hollow shaft of the rotor of a rotary machine filled with liquid, there is a unit for forming additional torque made in the form of two blocks

5 nozzles, the cross section of which is aligned with the longitudinal sections of the nozzles of the blocks. When the rotor rotates, the fluid located in the hollow shaft, under the action of centrifugal forces, accumulates energy,

0 the reaction of the jet expiring from the nozzle cavity beyond the outer surface of the shaft is used as a hydraulic control of the rotor. Each nozzle block consists of two oppositely directed and nozzle directed nozzles and a liquid flow shut-off device located in the radial channel connecting the nozzles. The radial channel is equipped with a fluid inlet.

0 When the engine speed is set and the engine reaches the rated or design mode of operation, the flow shutoff under the action of elastic coupling blocks the channel of one nozzle and the fluid flow under the influence of the field

5 centrifugal forces rush into the open channel of another oppositely directed tapering nozzle. The reaction of the liquid flowing out of the nozzle in this case creates additional torque

0 on the rotor shaft, coinciding in the direction with the main torque developed by the rotational machine, and the total torque on the rotor shaft increases, reaching its maximum

5 at rated or rated operating modes of a rotary machine with the corresponding rated or rated frequency of rotation of the 1st rotor.

With an increase in the rotation frequency of the rod above the nominal or calculated ones, the flow cut off under the action of centrifugal forces, overcoming the elastic bond resistance, occupies a new extreme position in the radial channel and

5G overlaps the inlet of a second nozzle radially further from the central axis of the shaft. The flow of fluid under the action of centrifugal forces rushes into the open channel of the nozzle, radially located closer to the central axis of the shaft. The additional torque created in this case by the outflow of fluid and the nozzle in the direction will be opposite to the main torque developed by the rotary machine, and the total torque on the rotor shaft will decrease, and the rotor speed will stabilize.

Fig. 1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an apparatus for hydraulically controlling a rotor of a rotary machine; in Fig.2, Fig.Z is a view along section A-A of Fig.1, and in Fig, 4 is a view along section B - B of Fig. 1.

No rotor rotation.

The device for hydraulic control of the rotor of the rotary machine consists of a hollow shaft 1. filled with liquid 2, and contains an additional torque forming unit made in the form of two blocks of oppositely directed nozzles 3 and 4, cutter 5, radial kayal 6 and elastic coupling 7. Hollow a shaft 1 with a clearance is installed in a stationary housing 8 containing a labyrinth-screw pump 9, an external seal 10, a high-pressure fluid collector 11 and a drain pipe 12.

A device for hydraulically adjusting the rotor of a rotary machine operates as follows.

When the frequency of rotation of the shaft 1 does not exceed the nominal or calculated, the flow cutter 5 under the action of elastic coupling 7 occupies an extreme position in the radial channel and overlaps the inlet part of the channel of the nozzle 4 located at a smaller radius (Fig. 2). The liquid 2 under the action of centrifugal forces accumulates energy that is expended to create additional torque on the rotor shaft as a result of centrifugal flow of liquid 2 from the nozzle 3. The waste fluid is ejected into the cavity between the housing 8 and the shaft 1. An additional torque in this case is summed up with the main torque developed by the rotational machine, since both torques coincide in direction. The liquid accumulating in the cavity 2 between the core 8 and the shaft 1 is pumped by means of a labyrinth screw pump 9 into a collector 11 made in the form of an annular collector and is again pumped through the drain pipes into the cavity of the shaft 1. To prevent leakages fluid housing 8 is provided with outer seals 10.

When the frequency of rotation of the shaft 1 is higher than the nominal or calculated, the cutoff flow 5 under the action of centrifugal

forces overcomes the resistance of the elastic bond 7 and takes a new extreme position, while blocking the input part of the channel of the nozzle 3 (Fig. 3). Liquid 2 under the action of centrifugal forces rushes into the channel of the nozzle 4. The reaction of the jet of liquid 2 leaving the nozzle 4 creates additional torque on the rotor shaft, which is oppositely directed to the main torque created by the rotary machine, which leads to braking the rotor speed and the rotational speed of the rotary machine is stabilized. The spent liquid accumulating in the cavity between the housing 8 and the shaft 1 is returned to the cavity of the shaft 1, as in the first case.

The energy consumed by the labyrinth-screw pump 9 is compensated by the energy of centrifugal fluid outflow from the nozzle 3 as a result of the action of additional torque on the rotor shaft when the rotary machine reaches its rated or rated operating mode. As the speed increases above the rated or rated labyrinth screw pump 9, it consumes energy and increases the additional torque on the rotor shaft, which in this case is opposite to the main torque developed by the rotary engine and the rotor stabilization efficiency increases.

Claims (1)

The change in the moment characteristics of the rotor of the rotary machine due to the energy of the fluid located in the shaft cavity is the main principle of hydraulic control of the rotor of the rotary machine, implemented in this technical solution to protect the design of the driving speed. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A device for hydraulically adjusting a rotor of a rotary machine, comprising a stationary body with a cavity filled with liquid, an elastic element, a shaft with a cavity mounted rotatably and filled with liquid in the body cavity, the shaft cavity communicating with the body cavity, furthermore that, in order to increase efficiency, the device is equipped with an additional torque generating unit made in the form of two blocks of nozzles located in the shaft cavity, the cross section of which combined with prodolny- misecheni misopel blocks, the blocks of nozzles spaced symmetrically in the radial direction, and each nozzle block comprises two oppositely directed nozzle and tangentially connected a radial channel provided with an opening for fluid supply, and from the cutoff fluid flow, placed in the radial channel with the possibility of blocking the hole for supplying fluid when radial channel, and the cutoffs of the fluid flow of the blocks are interconnected by an elastic element, and the ends of the nozzles of each block are displayed on the outer surface reciprocating movement along the 5th shaft. Fi.g AND  H 8 V-V g g / 70 V 16LZLLI V-v