RU175199U1 - POTATO digger - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for harvesting potatoes. A potato digger contains digging plowshares, high-speed, main and cascading separating bar elevators, support wheels and running wheels. Above the plowshares and a high-speed separating bar elevator, a layer cultivator is installed, made in the form of a shaft, on which pins are located, located along a helical line with right and left windings. The ripper pins are bent in the direction of rotation of the ripper shaft.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for harvesting potatoes.

Known elevator semi-mounted potato digger KST-1.4, equipped with active plowshares, high-speed, main and cascade elevators, running and supporting wheels. The depth of the plowshares is regulated by a screw mechanism. Elevators are located one after the other with a height difference and are designed to move and grind the tuberous stratum, to separate the soil from tubers and to screen it. Bar elevators are lattice cloths with a closed circuit, the upper (working) branches of which move from plowshares to the exit. The upper branch is shaken by elliptical stars during movement. The plowshares are mounted on suspensions pivotally connected to the frame and oscillate by connecting rods with an amplitude of 14 mm and a frequency of 8.3; 9.4; 10.5 s ^-1 . The frequency of oscillation of the shares is regulated by replacing the sprockets on the gearbox shaft. The oscillating plowshares crumble the formation well, stick less to the soil, exclude soil unloading in front of the elevator, and reduce the traction resistance of the digger. The folding fingers mounted on the plowshares form a grid for sifting the soil and prevent stones from jamming between the plowshare and the elevator. The elevator canvas is formed by rods whose ends are embedded in chain links. The adjacent bars of the high-speed elevator are connected by trims and bent in opposite directions, forming pockets that prevent the tubers from rolling. The cascade elevator rods are coated with rubber, which protects the tubers from damage. The canvas of the first elevator moves at a faster speed than the potato digger. Therefore, the layer entering it is pulled apart and intensively crushed, which facilitates the isolation of tubers. The layer, moving from one elevator to another, falls and is further crushed. Fine soil is sifted between the rods, and tubers, undeveloped lumps and tops go from the cascade elevator to the swath. The width of the roll is adjusted by turning the flap (Khalansky V.M., Gorbachev I.V. Agricultural machines. - M: KolosS, 2004. - 624 pp., Ill. - (Textbooks and manuals for students of higher educational institutions) )

Known semi-mounted elevator potato digger KST-1.4 has disadvantages.

The low efficiency of the separation of the tuberous layer on the bar elevators of the potato digger, since the tuberous layer is unevenly distributed along the width of the bar elevators.

Tuberous soil accumulates on a ploughshare in front of a high-speed bar elevator.

Also known is a potato harvesting machine containing a ploughshare, a bar elevator blade, over which a screw-leveling device is installed with a spring-loaded pendulum lever with a clearance relative to the surface of the elevator belt. The leveling screw has the ability to move in the vertical and horizontal directions, depending on the operating conditions (Utility Model Patent RU 47167, IPC A01D 33/00, published on 08.27.2005. Bull. 24).

A well-known potato harvester operates as follows.

During the ploughshare, the ridges are dug up and transferred to a high-speed bar elevator. The combined auger-equalizer installed in the front of the elevator, the first and third parts of the auger shifts the soil of the tops of the beds to the left, and the second and fourth parts of the auger with the right winding - shift to the right. Thus, the layer is leveled with a thin layer over the entire width of the elevator. This increases the separation surface and improves soil separation.

Known potato harvesting machine has disadvantages.

The screw-leveling device of the known potato harvester does not provide crushing of the tuberous layer, since its screw surface shifts the soil alternately in different directions and does not sufficiently crush the soil lumps, although the tuberous layer is aligned along the width of the bar elevator.

The leveling screw cuts into the tuberous layer, which leads to possible damage to the potato tubers.

Also known is a potato digger containing digging plowshares, high-speed, main and cascading separating bar elevators, support and running wheels. Above the plowshares and a high-speed separating bar elevator, a layer cultivator is installed, made in the form of a shaft on which pins are fixed. The outer surface of the pins is made of rubberized material. The pins are located on a helix with right and left coils. The speed of rotation of the shaft of the cultivator of the formation is greater than the speed of the high-speed separating bar elevator. (Patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 170887, IPC A01D 17/22, published on 05/12/2017 Bull. No. 14).

During the work of the well-known potato digger, the tuberous layer dug up by plowshares is moved to a high-speed bar elevator, on which it is exposed to the cultivator of the formation, made in the form of a shaft, on which pins are fixed along a helical line with right and left coils. The pins capture the upper part of the tuberous layer and move it along the width of the bar elevator. In this case, the soil crust and soil lumps located on the surface of the tuberous layer are destroyed, and the tuberous soil is distributed along the width of the high-speed bar elevator.

The rotational speed of the cultivator of the formation is greater than the speed of the high-speed rod elevator, therefore, the tuberous formation does not accumulate on the digging plowshares.

The well-known cultivator, made in the form of a shaft on which pins are fixed along the helical line with right and left coils, prevents the tuberous layer from accumulating on the potato plowshares, destroys the soil crust and soil lumps, and also moves the tuberous heap along the width of the high-speed bar elevator. This improves screening of the soil on the bar elevators of the potato digger.

Known potato digger has disadvantages.

During the operation of the potato digger, the roots of the weeds and stolons of potatoes are wound on the pins fixed on the shaft of the cultivator.

The task to which the technical solution is directed is to improve the quality of soil separation by bar elevators during the work of a potato digger.

The technical result consists in the fact that improving the quality of soil separation by bar elevators is carried out by preventing winding the roots of weeds and stolons of potatoes on the working bodies of the cultivator of the formation.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the potato digger containing digging plowshares, high-speed, main and cascade separating bar elevators, supporting and running wheels, a plow cultivator is installed over the plowshares and high-speed separating bar elevator, made in the form of a shaft on which the pins are fixed, an external the surface of the pins is made of rubberized material, located along a helical line with right and left windings, and the ripper pins are bent in the direction of rotation of the shaft cultivator.

Compared analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "Novelty", as it differs from the prototype.

The pins are bent in the direction of rotation of the shaft of the cultivator.

To grind the soil lumps above the plowshares and a high-speed rod elevator, a tuberiferous cultivator is mounted in the form of a shaft on which the pins are fixed.

In order to prevent winding of the roots of weeds and stolons of potatoes on the working bodies of the cultivator, the pins are bent in the direction of rotation of the cultivator shaft.

In FIG. 1 shows a potato digger, side view; in FIG. 2 - the same, top view; in FIG. 3 - layer cultivator.

The potato digger contains a frame (not shown), support wheel 1, plowshares 2 and 3, high-speed 4, main 5 and cascade 6 elevators, running wheels 7. Above the plowshares 2 and 3 and high-speed bar elevator 4, a cultivator 8 tuberous layer is installed. The cultivator 8 of the formation is made in the form of a shaft 9, on which pins 10 are fixed along the helical line with right and left coils. The pins 10 are bent in the direction of rotation of the shaft 9 of the cultivator 8. The outer surface of the pins 10 is made of rubberized material.

Potato digger works as follows.

The tuberous layer undermined by shares 2 and 3 is exposed to the ripper 8, made in the form of a shaft 9, on which pins 10 are made along the helical line with right and left windings, made in the form of a shaft 9, on which pins are fixed along the helical line with right and left winding 10. The pins 10, made bent in the direction of rotation of the shaft 9, capture the upper part of the tuberous layer and shift it along the width of the bar elevator. When this occurs, the destruction of the soil crust and soil lumps located on the surface of the tuberous layer, and its distribution along the width of the high-speed rod elevator 4. The pins 10, made bent in the direction of rotation of the shaft 9, prevent winding the roots of weeds and stolons of potatoes.

In addition, the rotation speed of the cultivator 8 of the formation is greater than the speed of the high-speed rod elevator 4, therefore, the tuberous formation does not accumulate on the plowshares 2 and 3.

The proposed potato digger, equipped with a tuber-bearing cultivator, prevents the tuber-bearing formation from accumulating on the plowshares of the machine, destroys the soil crust and soil lumps and moves the tuber-like heaps over the entire width of the high-speed bar elevator. The implementation of the pins 10 bent in the direction of rotation of the shaft 9 prevents winding on the pins 10 and the shaft 9 of the roots of weeds, stolons of potatoes and other weeds. This improves the screening of the soil on the bar elevators.

Claims (1)

A potato digger containing digging plowshares, high-speed, main and cascading separating bar elevators, supporting and running wheels, a plow cultivator is installed above the plowshares and a high-speed separating bar elevator, made in the form of a shaft, on which pins are located, located along the helical line with the right and left on the left characterized in that the ripper pins are bent in the direction of rotation of the ripper shaft.

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