RU174274U1 - Gear box - Google Patents

Abstract

The hydromechanical gearbox contains a housing, shafts with gears, bearings, friction clutches fixed to them, and a hydraulic control system. The drive is carried out by supplying a hydraulic flow in the channels inside the friction shafts. The inertial brake of the gearbox is made using a brake drum caliper located on the output of the gearbox output shaft. The hydraulic control system contains two bypass valves, a flow interruption valve and a hydraulic control valve. The transmission pump is located on the gearbox housing and is driven when the engine starts. General hydraulics, steering pumps and a transmission pump are located on the gearbox housing and are activated when the engine starts. The transmission includes eight pressure couplings. The gearbox housing is made of two cast parts. The hydromechanical gearbox has the ability to change gears and cable / electromagnetic / pneumatic / hydraulic modes, so that the governing body can be positioned remotely. Improving the efficiency and reliability of the device is achieved. 1 s.p. f-ly, 12 ill.

Description

The technical solution relates to the field of transport engineering.

Gearbox, type 714ZST.07.16.01.01.00.000 (hereinafter referred to as the gearbox) is designed for use in transport, agricultural engineering, machine tools, and water transport.

 Gearbox with gearshift with hydraulic compressive friction clutches (utility model of the Russian Federation No. 164414, declared 12/12/2015, published 08/27/2016), consisting of a housing in which there are shafts with friction clutches and gears, as well as a suction oil filter, shaft covers friction clutches with through channels for supplying oil to friction clutches of the hydraulic control system and oil supply channels for the lubrication system of friction disks, suction pipe, hydraulic transmission wasp, control valve block, gear change mechanism for hydraulic clutch friction clutch gearbox, oil supply hoses from the accumulator to the mechanism for switching hydraulic clutch friction couplings, oil supply hoses from the control valve block to the accumulator, oil supply hoses for turning on and off the friction clutches, friction lubrication system hoses couplings connecting the lubrication channel of the control valve block with the shaft covers of the friction couplings, and the sleeve of the accumulator drainage system, characterized in that o the hydraulic transmission pump is installed outside the housing of the hydromechanical gearbox, the oil channels of the control valve block, consisting of a bypass valve, a safety valve and a drain valve, the oil channels of the accumulator, the gear change mechanism and the friction shaft covers are connected to each other and the oil transmission channel of the hydraulic transmission pump by flexible hoses located outside the gearbox housing using flange or threaded connections.

However, this box has the following limitations:

 there is no brake mechanism of inertial rotation of the shaft, the range of gear shifting is limited, the range of reverse movement is limited.

Additional information on this model:

Website with description: http://agrocen.ru/kolesnyye-traktory-svyshe-300-l-s-k-704-4r-stanislav.

The invention is known according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2294465 multi-plate friction clutch (claimed 19.08.2005, published 27.02.2007).

The invention relates to the field of automotive engineering. A multi-plate friction clutch contains a drum connected to the hub, two or more friction friction disks located inside the drum with the possibility of rotation relative to each other around the longitudinal axis of the clutch, a piston for compressing the friction disks and a spring returning the piston to its original position. The drum is rigidly connected to the hub, in which a circlip is installed, which is a support for a disk spring located on the side of the friction discs and resting on the piston. At the same time, in the hub there are channels for supplying oil to the cavity between the drum and the piston, and for draining this oil. An annular channel is made in the drum for installing a retaining ring to limit the movement of the friction disks along the longitudinal axis, and a pressure disk is installed between the piston and the friction disks, in which oblong holes are made, equally spaced around the circumference and from the longitudinal axis of rotation of the clutch. In this case, the drum is made with protrusions that are located on the end surface of the drum and on the inner surface of which slots for friction disks are made, and the protrusions of the drum are arranged to be located in the holes of the pressure disk. In addition, the drum is installed in the shield screen in the form of a disk made in steps and on the inner surface of a larger diameter an annular groove is made in which a thrust ring is mounted resting on the pressure plate to limit the movement of the shield screen relative to the longitudinal axis of the coupling, while between the step disk an outer surface of the drum is formed a cavity for supplying oil under pressure in the absence of oil pressure in the cavity between the drum and the piston. The technical result consists in improving the operational characteristics of the coupling by ensuring its guaranteed non-inclusion in the absence of a planned working pressure and a decrease in overall dimensions.

However, this coupling has the following limitations:

the design is complicated by the installation of the hub of the friction drum, which leads to additional production costs.

The design involves the manufacture of a feed hole in the hub, which leads to a limitation of the designed friction drum in its dimensions.

Additional source of information:

online reference http://teh11.ru/news/frikcionnye_predokhranitelnye_mufty_konstrukcija_i_princip_dejstvija/2016-01-15-267.

The invention is known according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2305642 (claimed on 01/27/2006, published on 09/10/2007) the hydraulic system of the vehicle gearbox.

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to step transmissions with a hydraulic drive for controlling friction clutches of gearboxes of tractors, road-building machines. The hydraulic system of the vehicle gearbox contains a pump connected to a pressure reducing valve and to the power cylinders of the friction clutches. The hydraulic system of the gearbox is additionally equipped with a safety-control unit containing a balancing and drain channels, a temperature regulator having sensitive and actuating elements, and connected by highways to the cooling systems for the working fluid and lubrication of the transmission assembly units. The technical result is to increase the efficiency and reliability of the gearbox.

However, this system has the following limitations:

the pressure in this circuit is regulated only by a pressure reducing valve in the section of the clamping clutch cylinders, respectively, the pressure supplied to the cooling and lubrication of the shafts has no adjustment, which leads to restrictions in the selection of a cooling body (radiator).

Additional source of information:

site with a description: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/230/2305642.html.

The invention is known according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2381398 (claimed on 10/28/2008, published on 02/10/2010). The invention relates to the field of transport engineering, in particular to gearboxes of tractors. The kinematic connection of the elements of the gearbox is divided into a group containing friction elements for switching all operating speeds on the go, and a group without clutches for switching with a stop. The clutchless group contains hydraulically controlled gear couplings with a hydraulic synchronizer, which provides switching of the ranges of technological, transport, working and reverse speeds. When transmitting power, the specified operating speed range is provided by at least four friction hydraulic clamping couplings located only on the primary and secondary shafts. Achieved simplification of the design of gearboxes of tractors, mainly for agricultural purposes, increasing efficiency.

However, this gearbox design has the following limitations:

 This scheme has a limited set of gear changes without changing the operating mode, which limits the switching range without stopping the tractor.

Additional information: “Tractors and Agricultural Machines” magazine, No. 7, 2009, p. 54-56.

Known gearbox 700A. 17.00.000 manufactured by Petersburg Tractor Plant LLC (http://www.k-700a.ru/catalog_k701u/02_02.html).

The limitations of this gearbox.

1. The location of the input and transfer shafts, which excludes the possibility of use in vehicles that do not have a design similar to tractors manufactured by Petersburg Tractor Plant LLC.

2. The design of this transmission includes stationary placement of levers, which excludes the possibility of use in vehicles that do not have a design similar to tractors manufactured by Petersburg Tractor Plant LLC.

3. The gear ratio is large, which leads to greater fuel consumption.

4. Starting the gearbox is possible only from the first speed, then switching is linear, which eliminates the possibility of starting immediately from the desired gear.

5. The transmission pump is located in the gearbox pan, which eliminates the possibility of replacing it without disassembling the gearbox housing.

6. The steering pumps, the general hydraulics and the hydraulic system of the gearbox are driven by an additional element (pump gearbox).

7. The gearshift range is four gears without interrupting the power flow, the inclusion of another mode of operation is performed only when the intermediate shaft of the transmission is stopped, which reduces the possibility of smooth operation in a wider range.

8. The complexity of manufacturing the case.

The objective of this utility model is to eliminate the disadvantages of this box, the transmission efficiency should not be less than the efficiency of this utility model.

 The technical result of this utility model is that the gearbox operates in a wide range of gear changes that do not require a stop.

 The solution to the problem in this utility model.

1. The necessary gear ratios were selected, the diameters of the coupling elements were calculated, thus the interaxal distance of the input and output shaft was changed (increased).

2. Shifting gears and modes - cable / electromagnetic / pneumatic / hydraulic is provided, thus the governing body can be positioned remotely.

3. The gear ratio of the transmission is reduced to 1.1.

4. Thanks to the system of pneumohydraulic valves, it is possible to engage from any necessary gear.

5. The transmission pump is located on the gearbox housing and is driven when the engine starts.

6. The pumps for general hydraulics, steering and the transmission pump are located on the gearbox housing and are activated when the engine is started.

7. The design of the transmission includes eight pressure clutches, which allows you to create a gear shift range of eight.

8. The gearbox housing consists of two cast parts and the design is made in such a way that the number of operations is minimized during manufacture and processing.

The inventive gearbox is presented in the drawings:

FIG. 1 - General view of the checkpoint in front with cut lines,

FIG. 2 - General view of the checkpoint from the back with cut lines,

FIG. 3 - gearbox in section along the axes aa of figure 1,

FIG. 4 - transmission in the context of the axes BB of figure 1,

FIG. 5. - transmission in the context of the axes D-D and EE of figure 1,

FIG. 6. - gearbox in the context of the axes CC of figure 1,

FIG. 7 - input shaft assembly,

FIG. 8 - Transmission friction shaft,

FIG. 9 - Transmission friction shaft,

FIG. 10 - Transmission friction shaft,

FIG. 11- Transmission friction shaft,

FIG. 12 - Transmission transfer shaft.

The numbers in the drawings indicate:

1 - input transmission shaft (Fig. 3, 6, 7), 2 - friction shaft (Fig. 3, 4, 8), 3 - friction shaft (Fig. 3, 4, 9), 4 - intermediate shaft (Fig. 3 , 4, 5, 6), 5 - pump drive shaft (Fig. 4), 6 - transmission reverse shaft (Fig. 4), 7 - pump drive shaft (Fig. 5), 8 - transfer shaft (Fig. 3, 4, 5), 9 - transmission friction shaft (Fig. 5, 6, 10), 10 - transmission friction shaft (Fig. 5, 6, 11), 11 - friction drum housing (Fig. 8, 9, 10, 11 ), 12 - demultiplier mode enable clip (Fig. 12), 13 - demultiplier mode gear (Fig. 12), 14 - demultiplier mode gear (Fig. 12), 15 - clip demultiplier mode (Fig. 12), 16 - gear of the demultiplier mode (Fig. 12), 17 - brake drum support (Fig. 3).

Gearbox Operation Description

The input shaft of the transmission 1 (Fig. 3) is connected directly to the engine shaft. The input shaft of the transmission 1 (Fig. 3) is in constant engagement with the four drive shafts of the friction clutches 2, 3 (Fig. 3) and 9, 10 (Fig. 5) and the two drive shafts of the pumps 5 (Fig. 4) and 7 ( Fig. 5). When the engine is turned on, the torque is transmitted through the input shaft of the gearbox 1 (Fig. 3) to the drive shafts of the pumps 5 (Fig. 4) and 7 (Fig. 5) and the shafts of the friction pressure clutches 2, 3 (Fig. 3) and 9 , 10 (Fig. 5), respectively, the hydraulic equipment pumps and the gearbox hydraulic pump are driven. When the valve for interruption of flows is in the neutral position, it is impossible to turn on the pressure clutches, but when the open channel mode is turned on, pressure clutches are turned on to the distributor. The switch-on switch opens one of the flows (optionally) of switching on the pressure clutches, thereby activating the transmission of the gearbox. After turning on the clamping clutch of the gearbox, the torque from the shaft of the clamping clutches is transmitted to the intermediate shaft of the gearbox 4 (Fig. 3). All gears of the intermediate shaft are in constant gearing.

Enabling reduced operation mode.

The yoke 12 (Fig. 12), located on the transfer shaft of the gearbox 8 (Fig. 3, Fig. 12), enables or disables the gear of the reduced forward driving mode 13 (Fig. 12). When you turn on the selected mode of the multiplier, the torque from the intermediate shaft of the gearbox 4 (Fig. 3) is transmitted to the transfer shaft of the gearbox 8 (Fig. 3), and then the rotation is transmitted to the movement of the wheels.

Enabling increased mode of operation.

The yoke 15 (Fig. 12), located on the gearbox shaft of the gearbox, enables or disables the gear of the increased forward mode 14 (Fig. 12) or the reverse mode. When you turn on the selected mode of the multiplier, the torque from the intermediate shaft of the gearbox 4 (Fig. 3) is transmitted to the transfer shaft of the gearbox 8 (Fig. 3), and then the rotation is transmitted to the movement of the wheels.

Turn on reverse mode

The cage 15 (Fig. 12), located on the transfer shaft of the gearbox, enables or disables the gear of the increased forward mode or the gear of the reverse mode 16 (Fig. 12). When you turn on the selected mode of the multiplier, the torque from the intermediate shaft of the gearbox 4 (Fig. 3) is transmitted to the reverse shaft 6 (Fig. 4), after which the torque is transmitted to the transfer shaft of the gearbox 8 (Fig. 3), and then rotation transmitted to the movement of the wheels.

Lubricating the shafts and lubricating the gears is realized by spraying the working fluid from the housings of the friction drums 11 (Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11), also the discharge parts from the control valves into the holes in the housing (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). The pressure in the circuit is adjusted by installing two pressure reducing valves. The supply of working fluid to the friction drum is carried out through the hole in the shafts of the gearbox clutch. The gear change is provided without interrupting the power flow, that is, when switching to the next gear, the pressure clutch still works, since the energy accumulator is triggered.

Advantages of the proposed solution (applicant's checkpoint type 714ZST.07.16.01.01.00.000).

In the claimed model gearbox combines the above advantages of analogues. It consists of a housing, inside there are shafts with gears, bearings and friction clutches fixed on them, as well as a governing body. Lubrication of the shafts and the function of switching on the clamping couplings is carried out by supplying the working fluid under pressure through the channels located inside the shafts. Hydraulic clamping couplings provide optimal torque transmission during their inclusion and interruption of the power flow when completely disconnected. The location of the transmission pump outside the gearbox housing, the pressure in the gearbox circuit is regulated by two pressure reducing valves, the distribution of flows to the friction clutches is carried out by switching the channels of the valve, and a drain valve is also provided.

The gearbox is easy to install on any vehicle and installation, regardless of frame design. A smaller difference in gear ratios allows you to choose and achieve the desired mode of operation with less fuel consumption.

The supply of hydraulic flow in the channels inside the friction shaft makes it possible to minimize labor costs for the manufacture of components, as well as reduce the number of technological operations in the manufacture.

An eight-speed gearshift range has been implemented in two different forward operating modes and an eight-speed reverse gearshift range, which exceeds the analog range by half.

The inertial brake of the gearbox is implemented using a brake drum caliper located on the gearbox intermediate shaft flange, which allows changing the mode with the smallest wear of the clip.

The hydraulic system of the gearbox contains two bypass valves, an interruption valve and a hydraulic control valve. Thanks to this set of valves, unlike analogues, pressure regulation is implemented in the necessary areas, including the working fluid cooling section, which allows you to choose a cooling radiator of virtually any type.

Unlike analogs, this gearbox provides for the installation and drive of pumps not only of the hydraulic circuit of the transmission, but also of other hydraulic working elements.

Unlike analogues, this model, due to the difference in interaxal distances, allows mounting on the frames of machines and equipment that are not tied to a specific manufacturer.

The ease of manufacturing of this utility model greatly speeds up the production process.

Claims (2)

1. A gearbox comprising a housing inside which there are shafts with gears, bearings, friction clutches fixed to them and a control member, characterized in that the pressure clutch is driven by supplying hydraulic flow in the channels inside the friction shafts, there is an eight-speed gear shift range gearboxes in two different operating modes forward and an eight-speed reverse gear range, inertial gearbox brake made by a brake drum caliper located on the output of the gearbox output shaft, a hydraulic transmission system containing two bypass valves, a flow interruption valve and a hydraulic control valve, a transmission pump is located on the gearbox housing and is driven when the engine starts, the transmission design includes eight pressure clutches, which allows you to create a gear shift range of eight, the gearbox housing is made of two cast parts. 2. The hydromechanical gearbox according to claim 1, characterized in that it is possible to change gears and cable / electromagnetic / pneumatic / hydraulic modes, so that the governing body can be positioned remotely.

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