RU172282U1 - DEVICE FOR STORAGE AND DELIVERY OF BULK MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to means for storing with the subsequent issuance of bulk materials. The device for storing and issuing bulk materials contains a body equipped with a removable lid, the cavity of which is designed to load bulk material. The device is equipped with an insert made in the form of a tape spiral wound around the rod, and the shape of the outer contour of the spiral is identical to the shape of the inner forming surface of the case, the insert is placed in the cavity of the case to form its working volume, which is formed by the space between the working surfaces of the turns of the spiral tape and the inner surface The technical result of the utility model is to improve the storage conditions of the material placed in the cavity of the housing, ensuring a decrease in caking during storage and excluding bridging. 3 s.p. f-ly, 2 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to storage means with the subsequent issuance of bulk materials, in particular components for the preparation of various compositions, salt, spices, drugs, fertilizers, grains, and can be used both in everyday life, for example, as salt shakers, and in industry, for example, as bins for storing bulk components of a wide range of industries, including in agriculture in silos of elevators.

A device is known for storing and dispensing bulk materials, comprising a body with a cylindrical neck, a stopper elastically mounted in the neck and a grip for manipulating it, and a hole on the side surface that can overlap with a similar hole made on the side surface of the body neck. The hole in the cork can be made in the form of a figured cut-out or a guide channel with a bell (funnel) from the side of the inner part of the housing. The housing can be made cylindrical at the same time with the neck and can be divided into compartments by additional stopper plugs, which are connected to the aforementioned stopper by a rod located in the cavity of the housing. The capture can be made in the form of an exhaust loop, a protrusion, a protrusion with a hole, a hook. The bottom of the device is closed by a septum plug.

The product is loaded into the body cavity through the neck with the plug removed from the neck. The opening or overlapping of the hole in the area of contact between the neck and the cork is carried out by axial movement of the cork - by pressing or drawing by the grip, or by turning the cork relative to the neck. It is possible to free-overlap the holes by turning and moving the plug. After opening the hole, the product spills out through it when shaking the device in an inclined or inverted position. Removing the product is also possible by pressing on the cork-septum of the bottom. Pouring out contents is facilitated if there is a channel with an internal bell or an inclined section of the cork. When using additional holes, they are released and adjusted to change the rate of precipitation by turning and / or axial displacement of the plug. To facilitate adjustment, the hole may have a curved shape, for example a triangle shape (see RF patent No. 2095016, CL A47G 19/24, 1997).

As a result of the analysis of the design of the known device, it should be noted that it relates to household, characterized by ease of manufacture, ease and reliability in handling. However, taking into account that the body cavity is not sealed, moreover, it is open when loading and unloading material from (from) it, the probability of agglomeration (caking) of the material placed in the device is very high, which makes it difficult to unload material from it and the impossibility of dosing it. Shaking the device recommended before unloading does not always ensure proper loosening of the material placed in its body.

Known bunker dispenser for bulk materials, consisting of a housing having an upper cylindrical part, a middle conical part and a lower part, which houses a screw mounted on a shaft equipped with a rotation drive. In the cylindrical part of the casing are installed destructive elements.

Arch destructive elements are located one above the other along the entire height of the upper cylindrical part of the hollow body. Each of the collapsing elements is rigidly fixed to the corresponding hollow drive shaft, while all the hollow shafts of the collapsing elements are located in one another coaxially to each other and to the shaft of rotation of the screw, which is located inside all the hollow shafts, collapsing elements.

The dispenser is equipped with a receiving tray, which is pivotally mounted under the lower part of the housing with the possibility of rotation under the action of the flowing bulk goods from the hopper.

The number of collapsible elements is selected depending on the volume of the hollow body of the dispenser, as well as on the size and shape of the particles of the dosed material, which determine its flowability, caking, and ability to form. Bulk-destroying elements are made in the form of plates of a rhomboid, or curved shape, or any other, suitable for breaking arches of a dosed bulk material, but always with pointed edges or edges.

The bulk material loaded into the hollow body by means of a rotating screw is fed to the receiving tray, which tilts under the weight of the bulk material entering it and the bulk material is poured into the container intended for it. In the case of arching and freezing of bulk material in a hollow body, its flow to the receiving tray stops and the tray rotates under the influence of the counterweight, returning to its original position. At the same time, the position sensor of the receiving tray gives a signal to turn on the drive of the destructive elements, which starts to rotate the shafts with the installed destructive elements that loosen the material.

(see RF patent No. 2282158, class G01F 11/00, 2006).

As a result of the analysis of the known solution, it should be noted that in order to ensure work in case of caking of the material, destructive elements are provided by means of which the caking material in the bunker is fragmented, which, in part, solves the problem of its delivery from the bunker. However, fragmentation of the material with the use of destructive elements cannot solve the problem of dosing, especially accurate, which greatly limits the scope of use of this device. At the same time, the design itself is complex, it is necessary to use an engine, a drive in it, which also significantly limits the scope of use of this device. The use of a hopper dispenser is associated with significant energy consumption.

A device for storing and issuing bulk materials containing a housing with a cylindrical neck, in which a shutter with a removable cover is located. The case has a parallelepiped shape. Reinforcing belts in the form of tides are made in the upper and lower parts of the body. The shutter comprises a fixed lower partition and a movable upper partition made to rotate about a vertical axis. The partitions are divided into three sectors, and ribs for capture are made in the upper partition along the borders of the sector.

One of the sectors of each partition is made in the form of a triangular hole with an arched side to fill the bulk product, and in the other sector of the lower partition, metering holes are made for dispensing (pouring) of bulk material.

To load bulk material, the cover is removed, the upper partition is turned over the ribs until the holes of the partitions are aligned. Download material into the cavity of the housing. Turn the upper sector to the position at which the holes of the sectors are disconnected. Close the lid. The device is loaded with material and ready to use.

To dispense the loaded material, the lid is removed, the upper partition is rotated until its opening coincides with the discharge openings of the lower partition, the device is turned neck down and the material is dispensed from the body cavity. The dosage of the poured material can be adjusted due to the number of openings of the lower partition. At the end of the metered discharge, the upper partition is turned until its opening is disconnected with the holes of the lower partition, the throat is closed with a lid (see RF patent for utility model No. 19729, class A47G 19/24, 2001) - the closest analogue.

As a result of the analysis of the known device, it should be noted that its use due to the presence of the lid and shutter reduces the likelihood of moisture entering the cavity of the housing and its impact on the stored material, which somewhat reduces its caking during storage. However, during storage of the material placed in the cavity of the housing, its upper layers are pressed against the lower, which leads to caking of the material mainly in the lower and middle parts of the device.

The technical result of this utility model is to improve the storage conditions of the bulk material placed in the cavity of the housing, ensuring a decrease in caking and elimination of arch formation during storage.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for storing and dispensing bulk materials containing a body equipped with a removable cover, the cavity of which is designed to load bulk material, it is new that the device is equipped with an insert made in the form of a tape wound onto the rod, and the shape of the outer contour of the spiral is identical to the shape of the inner forming surface of the housing, the insert is placed in the cavity of the housing to form its working volume, which is formed by the space between p bochimi surfaces windings coiled ribbon and the inner surface of the housing, the holes may be formed on the tape on its working surface and / or projections, and the rod may be a fastening member insertion in the housing.

The essence of the claimed utility model is illustrated by graphic materials on which:

- in FIG. 1 - a device for storing and issuing bulk materials, General view, axial section;

- in FIG. 2 - insert, general view.

A device for storing and dispensing bulk materials contains a hollow body 1. The body cavity is closed by a removable cover 2. The bottom of the body is indicated by 3. The body cavity is designed to load bulk material.

The housing may have various sizes and shapes, which are dictated by the purpose of the device. So, for example, when implementing a device for household storage of salt in the form of a salt shaker, it naturally has a small size and shape that is round, oval, faceted (square, rhombic, etc.).

If the device is intended for storage of bulk components on an industrial scale, for example, for storage of powder modifiers or grain, the casing is a hopper, preferably with a discharge device - dispenser (not shown) in its lower part, as is done, for example, in silos elevators.

The material for the body can be different - steel, alloys, ceramics, plastic, etc. For all materials used, one requirement must be met - it must not allow moisture to pass into the body cavity, the presence of which contributes to caking of the bulk material placed in the body cavity. Additional requirements for the material of the case can be dictated by the purpose of the device. For example, when used for storing bulk food products, the material must have the necessary permissions for such use.

It is known that most bulk materials stored in storage devices are prone to caking while they are in such devices. Caking occurs due to the presence of moisture in the material and the action of pressure forces, namely the mass of the upper layers of the material on the lower. The greater the height of the body of the device in which the bulk material is placed, the higher the material column, and the higher the pressure with which its upper layers press against the lower, and the more it is prone to caking. The agitators and destructive elements used in the constructions of known devices for solving this problem, mixing the material and destroying its integrity due to caking, significantly complicates the design of the storage devices, increase their dimensions, and most importantly, do not allow to restore the completely original state of the material, since in the process of tedding and destruction of the material, it is fragmented into rather large fragments, which often complicates its unloading and makes it impossible to accurately dose vanie.

To solve this problem, in the claimed solution, an insert 4 is placed in the housing 1. The insert 4 has the form of a tape 6 wound endwise onto the rod 5. The outer contour of the spiral follows the shape of the inner forming surface of the housing 1. The dimensions of the insert must be such that it is tight placed in the cavity of the housing 1, and the gap between the inner surface of the housing and the outer screw surface of the tape should be minimal, at least it should be less than the particle size of the bulk material placed in the cavity of the housing. This eliminates the possibility of moving the material between the wall of the housing and the outer surface of the tape. When the insert is installed in the body cavity, it abuts against the bottom 3 and its upper part is located in the area of the cover 2. The technology for producing such inserts is similar to the technology for producing screws, they are known and do not require additional explanation. The insert is manufactured on standard equipment. For silos or silos, the insert can be part of a single structure with a housing.

One of the important requirements for an insert is its rigidity. The insert must not deform (compress under the action of the load - the mass of the material placed in the housing, and its tape 6 should not bend). Otherwise, it is not possible to exclude the pressure of the upper layers of the material placed in the housing on the lower, and, therefore, reduce its caking. The calculation of the strength parameters of the insert is carried out in a known manner and is not difficult. As the tape used for winding on the rod, a wide range of materials available in the form of tapes, for example, steel, plastics, etc. can be used.

The insert can be made integral, in the form of a single part, obtained, for example, by casting or assembly, in which the tape is attached to the rod. The fastening of the tape 6 to the rod 5 can be carried out in various known ways. It (fastening) can be one-piece (welding, soldering) or detachable (using screws or through grooves made in the rod). The profile of the helical surface of the tape (blade) may be flat, concave, or some other shape. The step (t) of the turns of the tape 6 can be different - both constant and variable, but it, of course, cannot be less than the particle size of the bulk material stored in the cavity of the housing.

Through openings 7 can be made in the working surface of the tape 6 along its entire length 7. The shape of the holes does not matter much. Under the working surface should be understood the surface on which the bulk material placed in the housing is located. The number of holes should be such that one or more of them are located on each turn of the spiral tape.

On the working surface of the tape 6, along its entire length, protrusions 8 of various shapes (conical, pyramidal, etc.) can be made.

The number, size and location of the holes and protrusions on the tape are not strictly regulated and their number, as a rule, depends on the size of the tape and its necessary stiffness.

On the rod 5, a fastening element (not shown) of the insert to the bottom of the housing 1 can be made. This can be a thread made at the end of the rod, screwed into the threaded hole in the bottom 3 of the housing, if the housing has a circular cross-section. This can be a threaded end, passed through a smooth hole made in the bottom (without thread) and fixed on the outside of the bottom with a lock nut (if the case has a cross-section other than a circle). Such fastening is necessary if the material is discharged from the body cavity through the upper part with the cover 2 removed, so that the insert does not fall out of the body together with the material being unloaded.

A device for storing and issuing bulk materials works as follows. We will consider the operation of the device by the example of its implementation in the form of a household salt shaker, whose body has a cylindrical shape.

To load the cavity of the device case with bulk material (in this case, salt) into the device case 1 with the upper cover 2 removed, install and, if necessary, fix the insert 4 by means of the fastening element (if the case and the insert are not a single unit). The presence of the insert changes the shape of the working volume of the body cavity. If without using an insert, the working volume is characterized by the volume of the cylindrical cavity of the housing 1 and the bulk material loaded into it is in the shape of a cylinder, then with the insert, the working volume has a spiral shape, at the end it is limited by the inner surface of the housing, and above and below the space between the working surfaces of the turns spiral tape 6. The thickness of the rod 5 is neglected.

The material is loaded into the cavity of the housing 1 through its upper neck (not indicated by the position) with the cover 2 removed. During loading, bulk material flows by gravity along the formed working cavity of the housing, as well as through openings 7 and gradually fills the entire cavity. Naturally, the angle of inclination of the spiral of the tape 6 is selected in such a way as to ensure the movement of the material when it is loaded under its own weight. After filling the working cavity, close the lid 2.

The device is ready to use.

The presence in the housing 1 of the insert 4 allows you to change the pressure distribution in the loaded material. In this case, the pressure of the material is perceived by the turns of the spiral tape, which “divides” the column of the material placed in the casing into parts, the number of which corresponds to the number of sections - the space between the turns of the spiral tape, in which the working surface of each coil takes in the mass of material on it. This allows you to distribute the pressure over the entire mass of the material, as well as reduce the pressure of the upper layers of the material on its lower layers, which largely prevents caking of the material. The presence of holes in the surface of the screw reduces caking due to the fact that the particles of the product, falling through them at each issue of the material, fall on the underlying section of the screw, mix and, thereby, prevent possible agglomeration of particles of the material. The presence of protrusions also helps to reduce caking (similar to the process of tedding the moved material). In addition, the presence of an insert eliminates the compilation of the material.

The material can be dispensed from the body cavity by pouring it out with the upper cover removed or through a dispenser (not shown) available in the cover, or, in the case of the body being made in the form of a hopper, through the discharge device in its lower part.

The device is simply constructive, technological in manufacturing, convenient to use. Provides a reduction in caking when used placed in its body material and eliminates arch formation. It is also very important that this device does not consume electrical energy during operation.

Claims (4)

1. A device for storing and dispensing bulk materials, comprising a housing equipped with a removable cover, the cavity of which is designed to load bulk material, characterized in that the device is equipped with an insert made in the form of a spiral wound onto a rod in the form of a spiral, and the shape of the outer contour of the spiral is identical to the shape the inner forming surface of the housing, the insert is placed in the cavity of the housing to form its working volume, which is formed by the space between the working surfaces of the turns of the spiral tape and the inside nney surface of the housing. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that holes are made on the tape along its working surface. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the protrusions are made on the working surface of the tape. 4. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that on the rod there is an element for attaching the insert in the housing.

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