RU168685U1 - COMPOSITION ARMOR BARRIER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to combined armor structures, in particular to devices for protection against the effects of armor-piercing bullets of small arms, and can be used when booking objects for various purposes. The composite armor barrier consists of a crushing-deflecting layer 1, consisting of a number of armored strips 2, connected rigidly between itself in an X-shaped design with a central angle ϕ = 60-90 ° and spaced one from another in depth by a distance commensurate with the two lengths of small arms bullets, crushing-deflecting layer 1 is rigidly connected with a substrate 3 made, for example, of steel 2P (98) with a thickness of 4 mm, on the inside, the substrate 3 is protected by layers of aramid fabric 4, and on the front side, the crushing-deflecting layer 1 is protected by a substrate 5 made of steel 2P (98) 2 mm thick, over which an energy-absorbing plate 6 is fixed, made, for example, of aluminum alloy AMG6-M with a thickness of 8 mm, on the surface of which ceramic elements 7 are made, made in the form of ceramic equilateral pyramids on a square base, made as a single the whole, for example, of aluminum oxide, installed side by side to each other with a gap between each other, constituting less than 0.03 of the diameter of the bullet, connected in a single panel by a binder, while the outer lining 8 is made of high strength steel, for example, steel 2P (98) 2 mm thick, with square holes in which ceramic elements 7 are located, supported by an energy-absorbing plate 6 and connected to each other in the layer, as well as at the places where their ends adjoin each other using a highly elastic binder type of polyurethane or ermetika.

Description

The utility model relates to combined armored structures, in particular to devices for protection against the effects of armor-piercing bullets of small arms, and can be used when booking objects for various purposes.

Currently, the urgent task is to create protective devices against bullet impact with the smallest possible overall mass characteristics. As a rule, armored barriers are a two- or multilayer composite structure.

A composite armor is known that contains armored plates displaced relative to each other in depth, a series of armored layers located between them, each inclined at a significant angle to the plane of the back plate, and air gaps or rubber pads are formed between the armored layers of metal plates (UK Application No. 2191275, IPC F41H 5/04).

The disadvantage of this composite armor is that it is intended mainly for protection against sliding damaging elements and does not provide high protection efficiency with a direct hit of the damaging element.

Also known is a technical solution of an armored barrier containing an alternating row of corrugations with a shielding element at their bases (US Patent No. 3636895, IPC F41H 5/04).

The disadvantage of this armored barrier is that it does not provide the necessary effectiveness of protection against damaging elements when it enters the weakened zone between the corrugations, which is due to the appearance in this zone of the effect of forced focusing of the destruction products of the damaging element and destruction of the obstacle.

The closest technical solution that can be taken as a prototype is a composite armor barrier (Patent RU N 140126, IPC F41H 5/04, published 04/27/2014) containing an alternating row of armored layers with a deflecting-crushing layer located on the substrate a screen made of a set of individual armor elements installed in the direction crossing the first armored bands, i.e. X-shaped position with a central angle ϕ = 60-90 °, rigidly interconnected and separated from each other in depth by a distance commensurate with the two lengths of small arms bullets, on the inside the substrate is protected by layers of aramid fabric, and on the front side it is crushing - the deflecting layer is protected by a substrate, a damping layer and a layer of ceramic elements made in the form of hemispherical elements bonded to the outer cladding, the substrate and between each other in the layer, as well as at the places where their ends adjoin each other using sealant a.

The main disadvantage of a composite armored barrier is that the penetration of a sub-caliber bullet end-to-end between ceramic elements leads to intensive destruction of their end surfaces in the impact zone. This destruction is also enhanced by the influence of edge effects. In the end result, the gap between the ceramic elements increases, and the bullet pierces through the layers of the armored barrier.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to increase the bulletproofness of the armored barrier to reliably protect the protected object from the effects of small arms bullets.

The technical result of the utility model is:

- ensuring reliable protection of various types of objects from the effects of damaging elements of conventional and large-caliber small arms;

- providing a wide range of protection for bullet resistance of the simplest, widespread and inexpensive materials of domestic production;

- the creation of a technological stamped-welded structure of an armored barrier that can be easily transformed into packages with intermediate barriers;

- ensuring high maintainability of the armored barrier;

- improving the operational characteristics of the armored barrier as a whole.

Common essential features of the known device and the claimed technical solution is the presence of an armored barrier containing a number of alternating armored layers, one of which is made of ceramic elements.

The essence of the utility model lies in the fact that a composite armored barrier containing an alternating row of armored layers, with a deflecting-crushing screen located on the substrate, made of a set of individual armored elements installed in the direction crossing the first armored strips, i.e. X-shaped position with a central angle ϕ = 60-90 °, rigidly interconnected and separated from each other in depth by a distance commensurate with the two lengths of small arms bullets resting on the substrate, from the inside the substrate is protected by layers of aramid fabric, and on the front side, the crushing-deflecting layer is protected by a substrate, an energy-absorbing layer, and the layer of ceramic elements is made in one piece in the form of ceramic equilateral pyramids on a square base connected to a single panel, with the outer lining made of high strength steel with quadrangular openings in which ceramic elements are located.

The destabilizing effect of the flight of the bullet (core) on the ceramic layer is achieved due to the presence on the front layer of ceramic elements made in the form of equilateral pyramids on a square base, when the bullet (core) touches the faces of the surfaces of the equilateral pyramids of the ceramic elements, the initial rebound angle is formed, and the presence of the outer cladding made of high-strength steel with quadrangular holes, provides a snug fit of the side faces of the square base ceramic elements and eliminates the intensive destruction of their end faces in the impact zone.

A general view of the proposed utility model is presented in accordance with FIG. 1, in FIG. 2 shows a general view of the outer lining; FIG. 3 shows a ceramic element.

The composite armored barrier in accordance with FIG. 1 consists of a crushing-deflecting layer 1, consisting of a series of armored strips 2, rigidly interconnected in a X-shape with a central angle ϕ = 60-90 ° and spaced one from the other in depth by a distance commensurate with the two lengths of small arms bullets , the crushing-deflecting layer 1 is rigidly connected with the substrate 3, made, for example, of steel 2P (98) 4 mm thick, on the inner side of the substrate 3 is protected by layers of aramid fabric 4, and on the front side of the crushing-deflecting layer 1 is protected by the substrate 5, made of steel 2P (98) 2 mm thick, over to An energy-absorbing plate 6 is fixed, made, for example, of aluminum alloy AMG6-M with a thickness of 8 mm, on the surface of which ceramic elements 7 are made, made in the form of equilateral pyramids on a square base, made, for example, of aluminum oxide, mounted with side ends facing each other a friend with a gap between each other, comprising less than 0.03 of the diameter of the bullet, connected in a single panel. In this case, the outer lining 8 is made of high-strength steel, for example, steel 2P (98), 2 mm thick, with square holes in which ceramic elements 7 are located, supported by an energy-absorbing plate 6 and connected to each other in the layer, as well as at their junctions ends to each other using a highly elastic binder type of polyurethane or sealant.

Ceramic elements 7 are made in one whole square base, on which an equilateral pyramid is located. The square base is located between the outer cladding 8 and the energy-absorbing plate 6, and the square shape of the base ensures that there are no gaps between the elements 7 in the layer and prevents the ceramic elements 7 from falling out through the holes in the outer cladding 8. The equilateral pyramidal part is installed in the pre-cut holes in the sheet of the outer cladding 8, while the installation in the holes is tightened to exclude the possibility of moving the elements 7. The height of the pyramidal part of the ceramic elements Part 7 is chosen so that the pyramidal part protrudes beyond the outer cladding 8, i.e. the height of the pyramid should not be less than the thickness of the outer lining 8. The protruding side surfaces of the pyramid provide a change in the trajectory of the bullet (core) during impact, as a result of which part of the kinetic energy of the bullet (core) is dissipated, thereby reducing its impact force.

The thickness and the side of the base of the ceramic element must be at least 7 mm and 30 mm, respectively. at their lower values, the ceramic element 7 will have low holding characteristics. The height of the pyramid should correspond to 3-6 thickness of the ceramic element 7.

The destabilizing effect of the bullet trajectory on the deflecting-crushing screen 1 is achieved due to the formation of the initial rebound angle when the bullet (core) comes in contact with the front surface of the ceramic layer 7, and if it passes through the inclined surface of the armored strips 2, the central angle of inclination of the armored strips is ϕ = 60-90 °.

The conditions for core fragmentation are created initially in the area of contact of the bullet with the external armored barrier 8, where zones with one-dimensional compression predominate, and then, with oblique penetration of the ceramic elements 7 into the subsequent layer, in the region with large shear stresses. Fragmentation of a bullet occurs due to the formation of maximum tangential stresses upon impact of a bullet (core) at an angle. Moreover, the fracture is discontinuous due to the predominant influence of tensile stresses. Depending on the tasks that an armored obstacle can perform, it can be packaged into a package of rigidly interconnected screw (bolt) joints of the same type of armored obstacle, assigned one to another in depth at a given distance.

The action of the armored barrier is as follows: the bullet is destabilized by contact with the front surface of the ceramic element 7, slides along the lateral surface of the equilateral pyramid of the ceramic element 7, penetrates into the outer lining 8 (Fig. 1), pierces it and comes into contact with the flat frontal surface of one of several ceramic elements 7, displacing a specific ceramic element 7 as much as the layer of polymer glue and the strength of the ceramic element 7 allow. Tray destabilization Torii bullet steel core piercing bullet begins to destroy the ceramic member 7 while itself degraded. The broken core continues the destruction of the ceramic elements 7 due to its kinetic energy. Further destabilization of the bullet (core) occurs when it enters the ceramic element 7. The destruction of the entire block is prevented by the flexibility of the layer of ceramic elements 7, both in the direction of the bullet’s action and in the perpendicular direction, due to the movement of neighboring ceramic elements 7 in the layer of polymer adhesive (sealant) .

The thickness of the outer cladding sheet 8 of less than 1.0 mm is insufficient to hold fragments of a bullet and ceramics when exposed to a large-caliber bullet, and more than 3 mm leads to an unjustified weighting of the structure and an increase in material consumption.

When meeting with the ceramic element 7, the bullet (core) begins to collapse and deviate from the original flight path. Moreover, a large part of its energy is spent on bringing neighboring ceramic elements 7 into vibrational motion, which in principle resembles the “billiard effect”. The ceramic element 7 is destroyed, absorbs the energy of the shock and sound waves, which prevents the destruction of neighboring ceramic elements 7. As a result, the "weakened", dilapidated bullet (core) and the resulting fragments are destabilized on the side surfaces of the ceramic elements 7.

With the possible penetration of the damaging element through the ceramic elements 7 and the damping layer 6, the substrate 5, the core of the damaging element is further destroyed and fragmented into individual small fragments that linger inside the armor barrier and further destabilize the path of the damaging element on the crushing-deflecting layer 1.

The bullet (core), weakened in the process of linking in the layers of the armored barrier, is easily captured by the substrate 3. The protective effect here is achieved not by strengthening the armor, but by dissipating the energy of the armor-piercing bullet (core) in the plane of the outer cladding 8, deviating it from the original path of movement of the surfaces ceramic elements 7 with a decrease in the energy of the bullet (core), followed by absorption of the energy of the bullet by the energy-absorbing plate 6, the final destabilization of the trajectory of the bullet by a blast-deflecting layer 1 and guaranteed non-penetration of the substrate 3, with the retention of possible secondary fragments by layers of aramid fabric 4.

Armor substrates 3, 5 can be performed both single-layer and multilayer (additional placement of the layer AMG6-M 6, steel 2P (98) 7), which allows more efficiently vary the stiffness and irregularity of the substrate and more efficiently inhibit the destroyed bullet and secondary fragments for stratification due to impact and subsequent deformation of each individual layer with the maximum implementation of their strength properties as a whole.

This technical solution allows when a bullet (core) hits an armored obstacle in the area of the deflecting-crushing screen 1 to carry out its final destabilization, destruction and retention. Substrate 3 receives minor damage without through penetration. Resistance to the effects of sub-caliber bullets of small arms, when a bullet enters the frontal plane, is achieved due to the fact that the bullet destabilizes when it comes in contact with the surfaces of ceramic elements 7. The bullet deviates from the original direction of movement, begins to unfold, and its destruction process intensifies. Substrate 3 of the armored barrier reaches a small part of the bullet (0.2-0.3 of its initial length). Next, the bullet loses its stability and unfolds. When interacting with the substrate 3, its intense braking occurs. The design of the armored barrier is such that the joints between adjacent armored elements are not a weak link, and the surfaces of the equilateral pyramid of the ceramic element 7 or several ceramic elements 7 are a guarantee of destabilization of the trajectory of the bullet and become useful from the point of view of the implementation of the processes of destabilization of the movement of the bullet (core), reversal and intensification of its destruction when introduced into the protective layers. The angle of inclination of the armored strips, rigidly connected to each other in an X-shaped design with a central angle ϕ = 60-90 °, is selected from the conditions for the implementation of the rebound of the sub-caliber bullet.

Thus, the claimed technical solution provides reliable protection of the protected object from the effects of sub-caliber bullets of small arms due to a complex combination of ceramic protection layers, substrates, energy-absorbing plates, aramid fabric and a crushing-deflecting layer.

In the proposed utility model, the fixing of ceramic elements in the armor layer occurs by a bonding and front layer having holes in which ceramic elements are installed, made in the form of equilateral pyramids on a square base, made in a single unit. In case of damage to the armor, it will be necessary to remove the outer lining of the ceramic armor and replace only damaged ceramic elements. Such a replacement can be carried out even in the field, having available the whole ceramic elements of the appropriate size.

On the back of the structure, there may be a support layer of aramid material such as Kevlar, which absorbs secondary fragments.

The blocking properties of an armored obstacle are ensured by the organization of a slanting strike when a striking element meets the outer surface of ceramic elements, subsequent destruction and further destabilization of the bullet (core) in the deflecting-crushing layer, the armor plate and energy-absorbing barriers with complete damping of their speed in the barrier layers.

In case of damage to the armor, not all of its fragment will be replaced, but only those elements that have received damage. To do this, it will be necessary to remove the outer lining 8 of the armor fragment, replace the damaged ceramic elements 7 with solid ones, and install the outer lining 8 back into place, while depending on the degree of damage, the outer lining 8 itself may not be replaced. Thus, the repair of the proposed armor design is simplified, carried out with minimal material consumption in a short time and the repair can be carried out even in the field.

This constructive solution and the optimal characteristics of ceramics were obtained on the basis of a large number of experiments. The proposed armored barrier increases the efficiency of the ceramic material, which destabilizes the bullet and absorbs the energy of the bullet core due to a combination of properties characteristic only of reaction-bound materials (high microhardness, almost zero porosity, internal microstresses), and the final destabilization and retention of the bullet (core ) occurs in the deflection-crushing layer.

The technical result of the proposed solution is to increase the bulletproofness of the armored barrier to the effects of sub-caliber bullets of rifle systems by changing the trajectory of the bullet (core), due to the multiple destabilization of the bullet (core) and absorption of its energy, due to the proposed composition of the protective layers.

The technical result obtained when using the utility model is expressed in ensuring the protection of the object from multiple armor-piercing bullets of B-32 caliber 7.62 mm SVD, flying at speeds up to 840 m / s, with a distance between hits of at least 5 calibers, which corresponds to class 6A GOST R 50744-95, GOST R 50963-96.

Thus, the proposed composite armored barrier allows to provide high protective properties of objects from armor-piercing bullets of small arms, including large-caliber ones, by increasing the resistance, survivability and maintainability of multilayer armored barriers with ceramic materials.

Claims (1)

A composite armored barrier containing an alternating row of armored layers with a deflecting-crushing shield located on the substrate, made of a set of individual armor elements installed in the direction crossing the first armored strips in an X-shaped position with a central angle ϕ = 60-90 °, rigidly interconnected , one from the other in depth to a distance commensurate with the two lengths of small arms bullets, and resting on the substrate, on the inside of the substrate is protected by layers of aramid fabric, and on the front side The crushing-deflecting layer is protected by a substrate and an energy-absorbing layer, characterized in that the armored layer of ceramic elements is made in a single unit in the form of ceramic equilateral pyramids on a square base, connected to a single panel, while the outer lining of the composite armored barrier is made of high-strength steel with quadrangular openings in which ceramic elements are located.

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