RU168052U1 - AUTOMATED HARDWARE COMPLEX FOR GRINDING MEAT AND FISH RAW MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

Automated hardware complex for grinding meat and fish raw materials relates to the field of preparation of feed for fur animals. An automated hardware complex for grinding meat and fish raw materials consists of a frame, a fixed welded body, side covers, a cutting and transporting screw, a drive and a tension drum, on which a conveyor belt with straps fixed on it, a tachometer, a frequency converter and a programmable logic controller are pulled. The screw and drive drum are driven by electric motors. The frequency of rotation of the electric motors of the drive drum and auger are set by the controller in the range of 0.7-0.8.

Description

An automated hardware complex for grinding meat and fish raw materials relates to the field of preparation of feed for fur animals, namely, machines and devices for the mechanical processing of meat and fish raw materials used in the technological process of feed preparation kitchens of animal farms and complexes.

A known device for grinding - meat grinder [1, 2], consisting of a gearbox, electric motor, housing and working body, including a pressure nut, knives, knife grids, auger. The principle of operation of the device is as follows: meat and fish raw materials are loaded into a grinding device, where it is captured by a screw and transported to knives and knife grids, through which the raw materials are ground, after which the ground raw material is unloaded.

The disadvantages of the grinding device are: high energy consumption and reduced nutritional value of meat and fish raw materials arising from friction and heat generation in the contact zone of knives and knife grids. So, it is known [1, 3] that energy costs for overcoming friction between knives and knife grids can reach 90% of all energy consumed in the grinding process, and the heating temperature in the contact zone of knives and knife grids during interruptions in the supply of meat and fish raw materials is already in a minute can reach 120 ° C. The disadvantages include low productivity resulting from manual loading of meat and fish raw materials.

A device for grinding meat and bone feed [4] is known, consisting of a cylindrical body with a loading neck and an unloading nozzle and placed in it with the possibility of rotation in a horizontal plane of a concave disk with knives rigidly mounted on its upper surface at an acute angle to the radius of the disk circumference along which made windows. Blades are installed on the bottom surface of the disk. In the upper part of the body radially above the disk are opposing plates. The principle of operation of the device is as follows: meat and bone feed is fed into the loading neck and is pumped onto a rotating disk. Under the influence of centrifugal forces, the feed moves from the center of the disk to its periphery. In this case, the feed particles moving with the speed of rotation of the disk are subjected to grinding. The feed is cut off in the form of shavings and, passing through the windows, is ejected from the lower part of the body by the blades into the discharge pipe.

The disadvantages of the device for grinding meat and bone feed are: low productivity of the device resulting from manual loading of meat and bone feed, as well as the absence of stops on the inner surface of the cylindrical body, and therefore the meat and bone feed, falling on a rotating disk, rotates with it for a long time and starts to grind , only when a natural emphasis is created; also a disadvantage is the heterogeneity of the size of the resulting particles, due to the fact that the grinding is carried out with the removal of chips, and therefore the length of the chips to be cut exceeds the thickness several times.

A device for grinding meat and fish feed [5], consisting of a stationary cylindrical body, prefabricated in two parts. The body of the device is supported by a support. A shaft is located on the bearings inside the housing, fingers are installed in the through holes of the shaft, to which the knife elements are attached. The path along which the fingers with knife elements are mounted represents a helix. Changing the angle of rotation of the knife elements is carried out by adjusting nuts. The output end of the shaft is connected to the drive by means of a coupling.

The disadvantages of this device are: a low degree of grinding, resulting from the fact that the edges of the blades of the knife elements are set in the direction of movement of the processed meat and fish feeds, and therefore the rotational speeds of the edges of the blades of the knife elements and the processed meat and fish feeds are almost equal and directed to one side; also a disadvantage of the device is its low productivity resulting from the manual loading of meat and fish feed, and also due to the fact that the knife elements are not a solid screw surface, but only a lot of its individual segments, which does not allow the knife elements to create sufficient pressure for efficient transportation meat and fish feed.

The closest analogue, selected as a prototype, is a top for frozen meat GW-300 / GX-400 (manufacturer of the company "Seydelmann") [6], which consists of a frame on which is mounted a stationary welded body, a working body, including a pressure nut , knives, knife grids and auger, conveyor belt, electric motor. The principle of operation of the top is as follows: the meat and fish raw materials are conveyed by a conveyor belt to the screw, which compacts them and pushes them to the knives and knife grids, which grind the meat and fish raw materials, after which the crushed raw materials are unloaded from the device.

The disadvantages of this spinning top are: low productivity and reliability resulting from a significant unevenness in the supply of meat and fish raw materials with a conveyor belt, also disadvantages include high energy costs and reduced nutritional value of meat and fish raw materials arising from friction and heat generation in the contact zone of knives and knife grids .

The technical result achieved is to increase the productivity and reliability of the hardware complex, as well as to reduce energy costs.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the automated hardware complex for grinding meat and fish raw materials is equipped with a programmable logic controller, a tachometer connected to the electric motor of the cutting-conveying screw, and the output of the tachometer is connected to the input of the programmable logic controller and a frequency converter, the input of which is connected to the output of the programmable logical controller, and the output is connected to the input of the electric motor of the drive drum, while the rotational speed of the electric motor of a drive drum pulley set by a programmable logic controller is equal to 0.7-0.8 of the rotational speed of the cutting-conveying screw electric motor, and the sliding angle of the cutting edge of the blades of the cutting-conveying screw blades is 30-40 °.

In FIG. 1, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 shows the main view (axonometry), front view and section (A-A) of the automated hardware complex for grinding meat and fish raw materials. In FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 shows a perspective view and a front view of a cutting-conveying screw of an automated apparatus complex for grinding meat and fish raw materials.

The automated hardware complex for grinding meat and fish raw materials consists of a frame 1, on which a fixed welded body 2, side covers 3, a cutting-conveying screw 4, consisting of a shaft 5 with a helical surface and knife blades 6, which are mounted inside the bearings, are installed motionless welded housing 2, drive 7 and tension 8 drums mounted on bearings inside the motionless welded housing 2, on which a conveyor belt 9 is tensioned with straps fixed to it 10. Drive is cutting-conveyor the screw auger 4 and the drive drum 7 is carried out by means of electric motors 11 and 12. Also, a programmable logic controller 13, a tachometer 14 connected to the electric motor 11 of the cutting-transporting screw 4 are fixed to the stationary welded body 2, and the output of the tachometer 14 is connected to the input of the programmable logic controller 13 , and a frequency converter 15, the input of which is connected to the output of the programmable logic controller 13, and the output is connected to the input of the electric motor 12 of the drive drum 7, which are composite and elements of automated operation control system hardware system.

Automated hardware complex for grinding meat and fish raw materials works as follows.

Pieces of meat and fish raw materials with straps 10 of the conveyor belt 9 are captured from the receiving table and transported at a speed of V ₁ (which corresponds to the rotational speed n _{1 of the} electric motor 12 of the drive drum 7) to the cutting-conveying screw 4, which simultaneously carries out both their translational and multi-stage grinding with a speed of V ₂ (which corresponds to a rotational speed n _{2 of the} electric motor 11 of the cutting-conveying screw 4). The rotational speed n _{2 of the} electric motor 11 is read by the tachometer 14 and transmitted to the programmable logic controller 13, which processes the received data and generates a control analog signal to the frequency converter 15 using the program recorded in it. The frequency converter 15 controls the speed n ₁ in accordance with the control analog signal electric motor 12, thereby adjusting the feed rate V ₁ pieces of meat and fish raw materials to the cutting-conveying screw 4.

The rotational speed n _{2 of the} electric motor 11 varies depending on the quantity supplied to the cutting-conveying screw 4, meat and fish raw materials. There is an optimal amount of meat and fish raw material supplied, at which the filling value of the cutting-conveying screw 4 is maximum and there is no clogging and jamming of the cutting-conveying screw 4, which leads to wear and breakdown of the electric motor 11, the helical surface 5 and the knife-blades 6 cutting -transporting screw 4. This optimal amount of raw meat and fish feed corresponds to a certain value of the rotational speed n _{1 of the} electric motor 12 (or feed rate V ₁ pieces of meat and fish raw materials to cutting and conveying screw 4). As a result, they are connected by a certain function n ₁ = ƒ (n ₂ ), which is specified in the programmable logic controller 13. This technical solution allows to increase productivity (maximum filling of the cutting-conveying screw 4) and reliability (lack of clogging and jamming of the cutting-conveying screw 4) hardware complex.

Based on laboratory studies conducted by the author at the Petrozavodsk State University, the author found that the optimal value of the rotational speed n _{1 of the} electric motor 12, at which the maximum filling of the cutting-conveying screw 4 is achieved and does not clog and jam, corresponds to the expression n ₁ = (0.7-0.8) ⋅n ₂ . When the rotation speed n ₁ exceeds this expression, the cutting-conveying screw 4 is excessively filled, leading to its clogging and jamming, and ultimately to breakdowns and a decrease in the reliability of the hardware complex. When the speed n _{1 is} less than this expression, the cutting-conveying screw 4 is not filled enough for efficient operation, leading to a decrease in the performance of the hardware complex.

The energy consumption for the grinding process of pieces of meat and fish raw materials depends on the sliding angle τ of the cutting edge of the blades 6 of the cutting and conveying screw 4. The sliding angle τ is between the direction of movement of the considered point of the cutting edge of the blades (for example, point A) and the normal to cutting edge. The values of the slip angle τ vary in the range from 0 to 90 °. It is known [7, 8] that an increase in the sliding angle τ leads to a number of effects, some of which lead to a decrease in energy costs (such as a decrease in the specific load on the linear length of the cutting edge of the blade blades, kinematic transformation of the cutting edge of the blade blades, sawing the impact of the cutting edge of the blades, the kinematic transformation of the angle of sharpening of the cutting edges of the blades), and others - to increase them (kinematic transformation of the thickness of the material being cut). As a result, with the increase of this angle to a certain value, the energy consumption decreases, and then increases.

Based on laboratory studies conducted by the author at the Petrozavodsk State University FSBEI HE, it was found that in the range of the angle of slip of τ = 30-40 °, the energy costs for the grinding of pieces of meat and fish raw materials are the smallest. At values below 30 ° and above 40 °, energy consumption increases significantly.

To confirm the technical result, a series of experiments was conducted on grinding meat and fish raw materials at various ratios of rotation frequencies n _{1 of the} drive drum motor and n _{2 of the} cutting-conveying screw motor and sliding angles τ.

Pieces of meat and fish raw materials were loaded into the laboratory unit of the proposed automated hardware complex for grinding meat and fish raw materials and processed. The performance of the installation was determined by weighing pieces of meat and fish raw materials and timing the duration of the processing process, the occurrence of clogging or jamming of the cutting and conveying screw was determined by the visual control method, the energy consumption in the form of power was determined using a three-phase Neva MT 323 electric energy meter connected to a personal computer (the counter measures and transmits the power values in total and in phases to a personal computer). During the experiments, the ratios of the rotation frequencies n _{1 of the} drive drum motor and n _{2 of the} cutting-conveying screw motor were varied in the range from 0.1 to 1.0 in increments of 0.1 and the sliding angle τ from 0 to 80 ° in increments of 10 °. The repetition of the experiments is fivefold. According to the results of the experiments, a sample of performance and power data was obtained. For the data obtained, statistical processing was carried out using generally accepted methods of mathematical statistics for a 5% significance level. The results are summarized in table 1 and table 2.

According to table 1, it can be seen that with an increase in the ratio of rotational speeds n _{1 of the} drive drum motor and n _{2 of the} cutting-conveying screw motor from 0.1⋅n ₂ to 1.0⋅n ₂ , productivity increases. Moreover, in the range from 0.1⋅n ₂ to 0.6⋅n _2, productivity increases smoothly, and in the range from 0.6⋅n ₂ to 1.0⋅n _{2 there} is a sharp increase in productivity. Performance reaches its maximum value at a value of 1.0⋅n ₂ . Moreover, in the range from 0.9⋅n ₂ to 1.0⋅n ₂ , the occurrence of clogging and jamming of the cutting-conveying screw with pieces of meat and fish raw materials was detected, which is not permissible for reliable and efficient operation of the hardware complex.

According to table 2, it is seen that with an increase in the sliding angle t in the range from 0 to 30 °, the power spent on grinding pieces of meat and fish raw materials decreases from 1.22 to 0.85 kW, and in the range from 40 to 80 ° increase in power from 0.93 to 1.47 kW. In the range of the slip angle τ from 30 to 40 °, the power values are the smallest.

The results obtained confirm the claimed technical result of the utility model.

Sources

1. The grinding of organic materials / T.A. Gavrilov, T.N. Kolesnikov; M-in education and science Ros. Federation, Feder. state budget, educate. institution of higher prof. Education Petrozavod. state un-t Petrozavodsk: Publishing House of PetrSU, 2015.127 p.

2. Description of the invention to the patent RU 2070093 "Meat grinder" (Zapletnikov I.N., Lebedev I.N., Dmitriev V.P., Pavlov M.Ya., Dorosh D.E., Kobiletsky A.V. 12/10/1996).

3. Komissarov S.S. Study of the process of grinding meat raw materials in tops and the development of knife heads: dis. ... cand. tech. Sciences: 05.18.12 / Komissarov Sergey Sergeevich. Voronezh, 2003.159 s.

4. Description of the invention to patent RU 2136370 "Device for grinding meat and bone feed" (Barsov N.A., Akmalhodzhaev I.I. Publ.: 09.10.1999).

5. Description of the utility model for patent RU 129844 "Device for grinding meat and fish feed" (Malinov G.I., Kondrashov V.F., Tikhonov E.A., Gavrilov T.A. Publ.: 07/10/2013).

6. The official website of the company "Seydelmann": [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://www.seydelmann.com/en/, free. Zag from the screen. Yaz. Russian

7. Reznik N.E. Theory of cutting with a blade and the basics of calculating cutting devices / N.E. Resnick. M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1975.311 s.

8. Melnikov S.V. Mechanization and automation of livestock farms. L .: Kolos, 1978. 560 p.

Claims (1)

An automated hardware complex for grinding meat and fish raw materials, consisting of a frame on which a fixed welded body is mounted, side covers, a cutting and conveying screw, consisting of a shaft with a helical surface and blades, which are mounted on bearings inside a fixed welded housing, driven and tension drums mounted on bearings inside a fixed welded housing, on which a conveyor belt with straps fixed on it is pulled, a cutting motor-conveyor a screw and an electric drive drum motor, characterized in that it is equipped with a programmable logic controller, a tachometer connected to the electric motor of the cutting-conveying screw, and the output of the tachometer is connected to the input of the programmable logic controller, and a frequency converter, the input of which is connected to the output of the programmable logic controller, and the output is connected to the input of the drive drum motor, while the frequency of rotation of the drive drum motor specified by the programmer by direct logic controller, is 0.7-0.8 motor speed cutting and conveying screw, and the slip-angle of the blades of knives the cutting edges of the cutting and conveying worm is 30-40 °.

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