RU162624U1 - FENCING CONSTRUCTION FROM POLYMERCEMENT-BASED BOARD (PROMEX) - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The enclosing structure of the external walls, containing three polymer-cement-bonded particle boards installed parallel to each other with the formation of internal volumes, the first of which is filled with a non-combustible expandable heat-insulating material, and the second is made in the form of formwork with the possibility of filling with concrete mixture, and the polymer-cement-particle chip facade the plate located on the outside of the first volume filled with insulation material, consists of two layers and is made with a smooth exterior architectural and decorative oh finish that is resistant to environmental influences and, on the inner side - porous, with the other two polymer-particle boards, made single-layered and porous on both sides, fastened fastening elementy.2. The building envelope according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymer-cement-bonded particleboard located on the outside of the first volume filled with insulation material consists of upper and lower layers, each of which contains (wt.%): Ground wood aggregate - 27, 3-27.9%, large wood filler - 24.2-24.8%, cement - 45.7-46.3%, liquid glass - 0.9-1.3%, aluminum sulfate - 0.5- 0.7%, polyvinyl acetate 0.6-0.8%, while the top layer is made with an external architectural and decorative finish and additionally contains calcium chloride 0.2-0.4%, and chopped wood aggregate for the upper layer is made in the form of shavings and sawdust with a length of not more than 30 mm and a width of up to 10 mm, and for the lower layer in the form of shavings or wood chips up to 60 mm long, up to 20 mm wide and up to 10 mm thick, with two other polymer cement-bonded particle boards are single-layer and contain (wt.%): crushed wood aggregate - 27.3% -27.9%, which has

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction equipment and technology and can be used mainly for the manufacture of external walls of multi-storey buildings and structures for various purposes, including in the enclosing structures of monolithic buildings and structures. The construction of buildings combines such operations of the construction process as the installation of monolithic walls of a building using fixed formwork with simultaneous decoration of the facade. The finished facade, performed in accordance with this technical solution, “grows” as the structure “grows”

There are various designs of building panels RU No. 24485, 41473, 2079612, 2102240, 2104252, 2336395, US No. 4504533, 6579413, 6838163, 7976938, DE No. 2816769

A known building board containing a heat-insulating layer in the form of an extruded polystyrene foam plate and a cement-containing layer in the form of a protective coating, the surface of the extruded polystyrene layer in contact with the protective coating has an open-porous structure, and the protective coating is made of polymer-cement, consisting of a mixture of polymer-mineral adhesive and cement in the ratio they are 1: 1, and additionally reinforced with a glass fiber alkali-resistant mesh, forming a reinforcing layer in the coating (RU 117948).

A building facade slab is known, containing a heat-insulating layer polystyrene or mineral wool, or from another heat-insulating material with an additional decorative and protective layer, with which it forms an inseparable compound, and the decorative and protective cement-sand layer with the addition of a plasticizer, a hardening accelerator and pigments. The doco-protective layer around the perimeter contains a chamfer (RU 150355).

Known building plate with a protective and decorative finish containing bearing concrete and front layers, and the front layer includes a decorative layer made of a mixture of polymer binder and stone chips, the front layer includes a substrate attached to the carrier layer, and a protective sealing layer located between a substrate and a decorative layer, while the front layer is attached to the carrier layer of the panel by fasteners. The substrate is made of woven or non-woven synthetic, such as geotextiles, or mineral, such as fiberglass, or vegetable, such as cotton, or a combination material. The protective sealing layer is made of a mixture of sand fraction 0.1-0.6 mm or stone chips and / or glass granules with a size of 0.1-1 mm with a polymer binder. The polymer binder of the decorative and protective sealing layer is made of an aqueous dispersion of acrylic polymer. Fasteners are made of metal plates with a thickness of 0.4-0.8 mm. The front layer is attached to the carrier layer of the panel by fasteners made in the form of a lattice having a U-shape and made of metal rods with a diameter of 0.7-1.2 mm with a mesh size of 5-15 mm, and the shelves of the lattice are bent from the wall in this way that the angle between them and the horizontal plane is 95-135 ° (RU 2452827, prototype).

The disadvantages of the known panels are the low quality of thermal protection, poor environmental properties, low fire safety.

The technical task of the utility model is to create an effective building envelope of monolithic buildings and structures with the appearance of a finished facade as the walls are erected.

The technical result that provides the solution of the problem lies in the fact that the quality of thermal protection is improved - cold bridges are removed and a tongue-and-groove lock is applied, environmental properties are improved - environmentally friendly polyisocyanurate foam material is used, since phenol-containing components are excluded, fire safety is provided, and manufacturability is improved for simple and a quick method for its manufacture at a construction site, and for the implementation of a simple and quick method for the construction of enclosing structures th monolithic buildings.

The essence of the utility model consists in the fact that the enclosing structures of the Promex exterior walls contain three polymer-cement-bonded particle boards installed parallel to each other with the formation of internal volumes, the first of which is filled with a non-combustible foaming heat-insulating material, and the second is made in the form of a formwork with the possibility of filling concrete mix, moreover, a polymer-cement-bonded facade slab located on the outside of the first volume filled with insulation material consists of two layers and ying with smooth exterior architectural and decorative trim, resistant to environmental influences and, on the inner side - porous, with the other two polymer-particle boards, made single-layered and porous on both sides, fastened fastener elements.

Preferably, the polymer-cement chipboard, located on the outside of the first volume filled with insulation material, consists of an upper and lower layer, each of which contains (mass%): ground wood aggregate - 27.3-27.9%, large wood filler - 24.2-24.8%, cement - 45.7-46.3%, liquid glass - 0.9-1.3%, aluminum sulfate - 0.5-0.7%, polyvinyl acetate 0.6- 0.8%, while the top layer is made with an external architectural and decorative finish and additionally contains calcium chloride 0.2-0.4%, and ground wood aggregate The upper layer is made in the form of chips and sawdust with a length of not more than 30 mm and a width of up to 10 mm, and for the lower layer in the form of chips or wood chips up to 60 mm long, up to 20 mm wide and up to 10 mm thick, the other two are cement-bonded the boards are single-layer and contain (mass%): ground wood aggregate: 27.3% -27.9%, which has the appearance of shavings or wood chips up to 60 mm long, up to 20 mm wide and up to 10 mm thick, large wood filler: 24 , 2% -24.8%, cement - 45.7% -46.3%, water glass - 0.9% -1.3%, aluminum sulfate - 0.5% -0.7%, polyvinyl acetate 0, 6-0.8%.

Preferably, the front polymer-cement-bonded particleboard located on the outside of the first volume filled with insulation material is made with moisture for the upper layer: 55-57%, for the lower layer 41-44%, and with an average density of 870 kg / m ³ -920 kg / m ³ .

Preferably, polymer-cement chipboards, located on both sides of the second volume, are made on both sides porous, humidity 41-44%, and with a density of 840 kg / m ³ -880 kg / m ³ .

Preferably, the wood filler and wood filler are pre-treated with a 1-2% sodium fluoride solution.

Preferably, the first volume is filled with non-combustible foaming insulation material in the form of polyisocyanurate foam, and the second volume is made 15-20 cm wide, with the possibility of filling with a building mixture in the form of compacted concrete.

Preferably, the polymer-cement chipboards are made with a thickness of 15-25 mm, a length and a width of 2000 × 750 mm.

In the drawing of FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of a panel; FIG. 2 - cross section of the panel.

The outer wall structure using the non-removable formwork “Promex” contains three polymer-cement chipboards 1, 2, 3, installed parallel to each other with the formation of internal volumes 4, 5, the first of which is filled with non-combustible foamed heat-insulating material, and the second is made in the form formwork with the ability to fill with concrete mix. Polymer-cement-bonded particle board facade plate 1 ПЦСП 1, located on the outside of the first volume 4, filled with insulation material, consists of two layers and is made with a smooth exterior architectural and decorative finish 6, resistant to environmental influences, and from the inside - porous, when this to two other polymer-cement-bonded particle boards 2, 3, PCSP 2 made single-layer and porous on both sides, fastening elements 7 are fixed. Fastening elements 7 are used both metal and plastic.

The cement-cement chipboard 1, located on the outside of the first volume 4, filled with insulation material, consists of the upper and lower layers, each of which contains (mass%): ground wood aggregate - 27.3-27.9%, large wood filler - 24.2-24.8%, cement - 45.7-46.3%, liquid glass - 0.9-1.3%, aluminum sulfate - 0.5-0.7%, polyvinyl acetate 0.6- 0.8%, while the top layer is made with an external architectural and decorative finish and additionally contains calcium chloride 0.2-0.4%, and ground wood aggregate for the top layer I am made in the form of chips and sawdust with a length of not more than 30 mm and a width of up to 10 mm, and for the lower layer in the form of shavings or wood chips with a length of up to 60 mm, a width of 20 mm and a thickness of up to 10 mm, while two other polymer-cement-particle boards 2.3 are made single-layer and contain (mass%): ground wood aggregate: 27.3% -27.9%, which has the appearance of shavings or wood chips up to 60 mm long, up to 20 mm wide and up to 10 mm thick, large wood filler : 24.2% -24.8%, cement - 45.7% -46.3%, water glass - 0.9% -1.3%, aluminum sulfate - 0.5% -0.7%, polyvinyl acetate 0.6-0.8%.

The front polymer-cement-bonded particleboard 1, located on the outside of the first volume filled with insulation material, is made with moisture for the upper layer: 55-57%, for the lower layer 41-44%, and with an average density of 870 kg / m ³ -920 kg / m ³ .

Polymer-cement chipboards 2, 3, located on both sides of the second volume 5, are made on both sides porous, humidity 41-44%), and with a density of 840 kg / m ³ -880 kg / m ³ .

Wood filler and wood filler are pre-treated with a 1-2% sodium fluoride solution.

The first volume 4 is filled with a non-combustible foaming insulation material in the form of polyisocyanurate foam.

The second volume 5 is made with a width of 15-20 cm, with the possibility of filling with a building mixture in the form of compacted concrete.

Polymer-cement chipboards 1, 2, 3 are made with a thickness of 15-25 mm, a length and a width of 2000 × 750 mm.

The enclosing structures of the external walls using the non-removable formwork "Promex" are made as follows.

Initially, plates 1 (PTsSP 1), and plates 2, 3 (PTsSP 1) are made

1. Polymer cement plates front ПЦСП 1:

- thickness - 15 mm.

- has a textured surface with a fine color and is a ready-made element imitating a brick, cobblestone or torn stone. - a two-layer plate is prepared according to the recipe below: the material is laid in 2 layers: large filler at the bottom, small at the top. The mixture for the manufacture of PCSP boards 1 consists of (mass%): ground wood aggregate: 27.3% -27.9%, large wood aggregate: 24.2% -24.8%, cement - 45.7% -46, 3%, water glass - 0.9% -1.3%, aluminum sulfate - 0.5% -0.7%, polyvinyl acetate 0.6-0.8%, calcium chloride 0.2-0.4% ( added only to the top layer of fine filler). Ground wood aggregate has a different look:

For the top layer, the type of chips and sawdust is not more than 30 mm long and up to 10 mm wide.

For the lower layer, a type of shavings or chips is up to 60 mm long, up to 20 mm wide and up to 10 mm thick. The plate is smooth outside, porous on the inside to obtain greater adhesion with insulation.

- the plate has a density of 870 kg / m ³ -920 kg / m ³ .

- before preparing the mixture, coarse and fine aggregate is soaked in a separate container in a 1-2% solution of sodium fluoride NaF. Being a strong antiseptic, it has pronounced properties: it penetrates deep into the tree, has a neutral reaction, is environmentally friendly, and is slightly leached.

- polyvinyl acetate (PVA) gives additional elasticity to the mixture excellent consumer properties of the finished product.

- Calcium chloride gives additional mobility of the mixture to the top layer and allows you to achieve a smooth outer layer.

- Mixtures during preparation are thoroughly mixed and have different humidity: for the upper layer: 55-57%, for the lower layer 41-44%.

- dimensions of plates 2000 × 750 mm.

2. Polymer cement slabs ПЦСП 2:

- thickness - 20 mm .; 30 mm; 40 mm; 70 mm.

- a single-layer plate is prepared according to the recipe below:

- A mixture for the manufacture of PCSP boards 1 consists of (mass%): ground wood aggregate: 27.3% -27.9%, large wood aggregate: 24.2% -24.8%, cement - 45.7% -46 , 3%, water glass - 0.9% -1.3%, aluminum sulfate - 0.5% -0.7%, polyvinyl acetate 0.6-0.8%. The crushed wood aggregate has the form of shavings or wood chips up to 60 mm long, up to 20 mm wide and up to 10 mm thick. The slab is porous on the outside and inside for greater adhesion with insulation.

- the plate has a density of 840 kg / m ³ -880 kg / m ³ .

- before preparing the mixture, the wood aggregate is soaked in a separate container in a 1-2% solution of sodium fluoride NaF. Being a strong antiseptic, it has pronounced properties: it penetrates deep into the tree, has a neutral reaction, is environmentally friendly, and is slightly leached.

- polyvinyl acetate (PVA) gives additional elasticity to the mixture excellent consumer properties of the finished product.

- dimensions of plates 2000 × 750 mm.

- The mixture during preparation is thoroughly mixed and has a moisture content of 41-44%.

Plates ПЦСП 1 and ПЦСП 2 are prepared on the same production line in different shifts.

The prepared mixture is loaded into finished metal molds and passed through a press. The thickness of the finished product is controlled by the speed of the feed conveyor. After filling the molds, they are stacked so that each upper mold uniformly compacts the mixture in the downstream mold, after which the stack is pressed and loaded into an autoclave with a working temperature of + 150 ° C. The duration of the hardening process in an autoclave is 8 hours. After heat treatment, polymer-cement slabs are transported to the ripening area, where they are kept for 5 days at a temperature not lower than + 18 ° С. Then the finished plates are transported to the ripening area, where they are aged for 10 days.

The form can be made with dimensions that provide the finished product with a length of 2000 mm, a width of 750 mm. A polymer cement slab with the specified overall dimensions is intended for the manufacture of non-removable formwork from it in monolithic housing construction.

Plates 1, 2, 3 are installed at the necessary intervals for the formation of volumes 4, 5.

The volume 4 between the plates 1, 2 is filled with a vacuum method with a non-combustible foaming insulation material in the form of polyisocyanurate foam. Polyisocyanurate foam (PIR) is a modified polyurethane foam. PIR is obtained as a result of the reaction of polylol and isocyanurate in a ratio of 1 to 2. The qualities of polyisocyanurate foam include increased fire resistance. It does not support combustion, and also independently attenuates in the absence of a flame source. If we compare PIR with polyurethane foam, then it is more resistant to harmful substances and solar radiation. Polyisocyanurate foam has a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.021 VTm / K, which distinguishes it from such traditional heat insulators as mineral wool or expanded polystyrene.

When hardening, polyisocyanurate foam provides a monolithic connection of plates 1, 2.

Fastening elements 7 are installed, fixing the position of the plate 3 relative to the plates 1, 2 with the formation of the volume 5.

The panel is brought to the construction site as part of a sandwich, with a protective film on the outside. After mounting the formwork and pouring concrete into a volume of 5, it remains only to remove the film to bring “cosmetics” to the seams of the panels.

The construction of buildings using the proposed design of the exterior walls "Promex" combines such moments of the construction process as the installation of monolithic walls of the building with the simultaneous decoration of the facade.

At the same time, the quality of thermal protection was improved, cold bridges in volume 4 were eliminated, environmental properties were improved, since phenol-containing components were excluded, fire safety was ensured, and manufacturability was improved for a simple and quick manufacturing process and for a simple and quick way to erect monolithic walls and partitions of a building, the specified strength, production speed and the possibility of using as a fixed formwork in monolithic housing construction are ensured.

Claims (8)

1. The enclosing structure of the external walls, containing three polymer-cement-bonded particle boards installed parallel to each other with the formation of internal volumes, the first of which is filled with a non-combustible expandable heat-insulating material, and the second is made in the form of formwork with the possibility of filling with concrete mixture, and the polymer-cement-particle chip facade the plate located on the outside of the first volume filled with insulation material, consists of two layers and is made with a smooth exterior architectural and decorative oh finish that is resistant to environmental influences and, on the inner side - porous, with the other two polymer-particle boards, made single-layered and porous on both sides, fastened fastener elements. 2. The building envelope under item 1, characterized in that the polymer-cement chipboard, located on the outside of the first volume filled with insulation material, consists of an upper and lower layer, each of which contains (wt.%): Ground wood aggregate - 27.3-27.9%, large wood filler - 24.2-24.8%, cement - 45.7-46.3%, liquid glass - 0.9-1.3%, aluminum sulfate - 0, 5-0.7%, polyvinyl acetate 0.6-0.8%, while the top layer is made with an external architectural and decorative finish and additionally contains calcium chloride 0.2-0.4%, and crushed wood aggregate for the upper layer is made in the form of chips and sawdust with a length of not more than 30 mm and a width of up to 10 mm, and for the lower layer in the form of shavings or wood chips up to 60 mm long, up to 20 mm wide and up to 10 mm thick, with two other polymer-cement-bonded particle boards are made single-layer and contain (wt.%): crushed wood aggregate - 27.3% -27.9%, which has the form of chips or wood chips up to 60 mm long, up to 20 mm wide and up to 10 mm thick, large wood filler - 24.2% -24.8%, cement - 45.7% -46.3%, liquid glass - 0.9% -1.3%, aluminum sulfate - 0.5% -0.7 % watering ethyl acetate 0.6-0.8%. 3. The building envelope according to claim 2, characterized in that the front polymer-cement-bonded particleboard located on the outside of the first volume filled with insulation material is made with humidity for the upper layer: 55-57%, for the lower layer 41-44% and with an average density of 870 kg / m ³ -920 kg / m ³ . 4. The enclosing structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the polymer-cement chipboards located on both sides of the second volume are made porous on both sides, with a humidity of 41-44% and with a density of 840 kg / m ³ -880 kg / m ³ . 5. The enclosing structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the wood filler and wood filler are pre-treated with a 1-2% solution of sodium fluoride. 6. The enclosing structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the first volume is filled with non-combustible foaming insulation material in the form of polyisocyanurate foam. 7. The enclosing structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the second volume is made of a width of 15-20 cm, with the possibility of filling with a building mixture in the form of compacted concrete. 8. The enclosing structure according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the polymer-cement chipboards are made with a thickness of 15-25 mm, a length and a width of 2000 × 750 mm.

Images