RU159812U1 - DEVICE FOR SEPARATION OF BULK MIXTURE IN A FLUID - Google Patents

Abstract

A device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium, including a hopper with a vibratory tray for gravitational feeding of the mixture into the separation zone, a jet generator installed under them with flat nozzles of different sizes located one below the other, formed by the upper and lower flat walls and covered by the side walls of the separation chamber, and also collections of fractions, characterized in that the upper and lower walls of each nozzle are located at an acute angle to each other, and the width of the upper wall is at least 3.5 times the height the smallest cross section of the nozzle, and the width of the lower wall is commensurate with it.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for air or liquid separation of bulk materials and can be used in food, chemical and other industries, as well as in agriculture for preparing seeds for sowing and for breeding purposes.

A device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium is known, comprising a hopper with a vibratory tray, an air flow generator mounted under them, with flat nozzles located one below the other and at an acute angle to the vertical, the height of the cross sections of which, step and angle of installation, increase from top to bottom. In this case, the generator is connected to a source of air supply under pressure and is covered by the side walls. The device also has fraction collectors located under the nozzles. The operation of this device consists in the gravitational supply of particles, aerodynamic monotonically increasing impact on them at an acute angle to the vertical by a cascade of plane jets and the withdrawal of finished fractions. In this case, the effect is carried out in the mode of free alternating force scanning with increasing amplitude and scanning angle [see US Pat. Of Ukraine No. 45881 for class B07B 4/02 published on April 15, 2002 in Bull. No. 4].

In this device, the separation of particles occurs due to the difference in the ratio of their weight and the force of aerodynamic drag. This device, due to the special mode of action of the jets, the separation process is more accurate and more stable over time, especially when separating particles of irregular shape. This became possible because the impact of a stream of cascade of jets in the scanning mode allows you to repeatedly and multidirectional approach to each particle of the granular mixture.

But the known device has the following disadvantages.

The alternating and free mode of operation of the cascade of jets inevitably leads to the periodic, unstable in time and space appearance of pressure and vacuum zones in it with the appearance of forward and reverse flows. In the reverse flow zone, particles (especially light ones) are drawn in in the opposite direction to the main flow, which leads to their partial mixing with already separated material. The instability in time of this phenomenon, ultimately, leads to the opening (rupture) of the cascade of jets in any random place, which further enhances the reverse flow in this zone and, as a result, intensifies the mixing process. In addition, the opening of the jets contributes to the disruption of generation (termination of the oscillatory process), which significantly reduces the quality of separation, bringing it closer to the quality of separation with a conventional fan.

A device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium is also known, comprising a hopper with a vibrating tray, an air jet generator mounted under them, with flat nozzles located one below the other and at an acute angle to the vertical, whose cross-sectional height, pitch and installation angle increase from top to bottom, and which is connected to a source of pressurized air, and covered by the side walls, as well as fraction collectors. In addition, each pair of adjacent nozzles is equipped with a resonant chamber associated with their inter-nozzle space. In addition, the chambers are equipped with a device for regulating their volume, and the ratio of the height of the nozzle cross-section to the step of their installation is in the range of 0.2-0.25, and the ratio of the upper and lower extreme angles of the nozzles is 0.65-0.75 . The operation of this device consists in the gravitational supply of particles, aerodynamic monotonically increasing impact on them at an acute angle to the vertical by a cascade of plane jets and the withdrawal of finished fractions. In this case, the aerodynamic effect is carried out in the mode of resonant self-oscillatory motion of each jet and the entire cascade of jets at the frequency of the first harmonic of vibrations [see US Pat. Ukraine №60254 in class B07B 4/02, A01F 12/44 published July 15, 2005 in Bull. No. 7].

The use of a cascade of flat jets for the separation process, of course, provides a sufficient quality of the separation of the granular mixture into fractions, but only if the specified cascade of jets is in self-oscillating mode of interaction with each other at the frequency of the first harmonic. But the formation of a self-oscillating regime requires equipping the device with resonant cameras, which, of course, complicates it. In addition, for accurate access to the resonant frequency, the resonant chambers are equipped with volume controllers, and to exclude the possibility of a self-oscillating process at higher harmonics frequencies, it makes it necessary to accurately maintain the pitch and nozzle angles. Therefore, despite the fact that the device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid provides the necessary quality of separation of the mixture into fractions, but for this it needs to be significantly complicated and controlled, in particular, in regulating the volume of the resonance chambers, which is its structural drawback . To simplify the device, without refusing to use a cascade of plane jets, is possible only if the principle of formation of such a cascade is changed.

The closest in essence and the achieved effect, taken as a prototype, is a device for separating granular mixture in a fluid medium, containing a hopper with a vibrating tray, a generator installed under them, with flat nozzles located one below the other and at an acute angle to the vertical, the height of the cross sections which, the pitch and installation angle increase from top to bottom, and which is connected to a pressure air supply source and covered by side walls, as well as fraction collectors, each nozzle having a rectangular a solid wall adjacent to it from above over the entire width. The operation of this device consists in the gravitational supply of particles, the aerodynamic monotonically increasing impact on them at an acute angle to the vertical by a cascade of flat jets and the withdrawal of finished fractions, and before the aerodynamic impact on the particles of the mixture, the flow of each jet is transferred to the developed turbulence mode by expanding them vertically to merging with each other with a faulty or close to it flow pattern and the formation at the beginning of each inter-jet space of all adjacent jets of at least two circulation zones from ichayuschihsya largest [see. US Pat. Russia No. 2403096 for class B07B 4/02, B07B 11/00 published on 10.11.2010].

The use of highly turbulent flat jets for the separation process, of course, provides a very high quality separation of the granular mixture into fractions by specific gravity. But this device cannot separate a loose mixture consisting of particles whose length is several times greater than their width (for example, meadow bluegrass, grassland wheatgrass, beardless oats, oats, etc.), that is, to perform trireme functions, because " broken "seeds have the same specific gravity as whole ones. Since the known device for separation cannot act on the seeds with a different cascade of turbulent jets, which is due to the design of the nozzles, this known object of technology has limited functionality, narrowing the scope of its application, which is a technical disadvantage.

The utility model is based on the task of creating a device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid, providing separation of elongated particles, both in specific gravity and in their length by changing the aerodynamic effects on seeds in free flight by changing the relative spatial orientation and size flat walls in the air jet generator.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in a device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium, including a hopper with a vibratory tray for gravitational feeding of the mixture into the separation zone, a jet generator installed below them, with flat nozzles of different sizes located one below the other, formed by upper and lower flat walls and covered by the side walls of the separation chamber, as well as fraction collectors, according to the proposal, the upper and lower walls of each nozzle are at an acute angle to each other, and the width The wall wall is at least 3.5 times the height of the smallest nozzle cross section, and the width of the lower wall is commensurate with it.

A distinctive feature of the proposed device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid is the use of the Coanda effect and positive feedback of the jets with air in the inter-jet space to translate the lower plane of each jet into self-oscillating motion with subsequent aperiodic force acting on the upper plane of the downstream jet.

This formation of jets allows aerodynamic effects on the particles not only in the direction of the total air flow, but also in the direction of oscillation of the jets, which, due to the inertia forces and the longitudinal rotation of the particles, lines them mainly with a long axis along the total air flow.

Since the Midel section of the beaten and the whole particles turns out to be the same in this case, there is an "entrainment" (transfer) of the beaten particles by the air flow, as they are lighter in the corresponding fraction collection.

At the same time, the separation quality of the specific gravity of spherical and ellipsoidal particles is preserved and even improved.

The technical result of the invention is the possibility, by making minor changes in the size and spatial mutual arrangement of the walls of the nozzles, to change the nature of the outflow and properties of air jets, which are now able to separate into fractions, both seeds of normal shape and elongated, distinguishing from them “broken” (low-quality) seeds and, thereby, significantly expand the technical and functional capabilities of the claimed object of technology, and therefore, the scope of its use.

Thus, the entire set of essential features of the proposed technical solutions obtained through the introduction of appropriate structural changes in the nozzle of the generator, ensures the achievement of the technical result formulated in the statement of the problem.

A further essence of the claimed technical solution is illustrated in conjunction with illustrative material, which shows the following: FIG. 1 is a diagram of the inventive device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium; FIG. 2 is a view along arrow A in FIG. 1 (nozzle section). Dashed lines show the movement of air jets in the separation zone.

A device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium consists of a hopper 1 with a vibratory tray 2 for gravitational feeding of particles of the mixture into the separation zone. A jet generator 3 is installed under the vibratory tray 2, which is a closed volume with a set of a row of flat nozzles 4. Each nozzle 4 is formed by the upper wall 5 and the lower wall 6. All nozzles are closed at the ends by the side walls of the separation chamber 7 to exclude air inflow from the atmosphere, which is inevitable will disrupt the generation of jets. The generator 3 is connected to a source of air supply under pressure P. The number of nozzles 4 depends on the required performance of the device, but cannot be less than three. The height of the cross section of the nozzles 4 h ₃ and the step Z ₃ between the nozzles 4 increase from top to bottom. The upper wall 5 and the lower wall 6 of each nozzle 4 are located at an acute angle α _{4 to} each other. The width of the upper wall 5 is at least 3.5 times the height of the smallest cross section of the nozzle 4, and the width of the lower wall 6 is comparable with it. To the generator 3 from the side of the nozzles 4, collectors of fractions 8 are adjacent from below.

The proposed device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium operates as follows.

First, a gravitational feed of particles of bulk material is carried out. To carry out this operation, a vibratory tray 2 is used. Particles in free fall are acted at an acute angle to the vertical by a cascade of plane jets (shown by a dotted line) in the developed turbulence mode, which arises due to the curvature of the jets during their expansion in nozzles 4, and the presence of the upper the walls 5 of a certain size and the lower wall 6, installed at an angle to each other, provides the Coanda effect and positive feedback of the jets with air in the inter-jet space to translate the lower plane of each jet into self-oscillating motion with subsequent aperiodic force acting on the upper plane of the downstream jet. After the particles of the cascade of jets pass, the finished fractions are removed. At the same time, intermediate fractions are selected and returned to re-separation.

The proposed technical solution is tested in practice. The proposed device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium does not contain structural elements, parts, kinematic schemes and units that could not be reproduced at the present stage of development of science and technology, in particular, in the field of agricultural engineering, therefore, it is considered to meet the criterion "Industrial applicability" because it can be actually manufactured and sold in separators for the separation of grain and seeds of cereal, grassy and other agricultural cultures.

In the known sources of patent, scientific, technical and other information, no similar or similar technical solutions have been found that contain the entire set of essential features inherent in the proposed device for separating bulk materials in a fluid, therefore, the proposed object of technology is considered to meet the criterion of "novelty."

The technical advantages of the proposed technical solution are the ability to change the nature of the outflow and properties of air jets, which are now able to separate into fractions, both conventional and elongated seeds, distinguishing “broken” (poor-quality) seeds from them and, thereby, significantly expand the functionality the claimed object of technology, therefore, and the scope of its use. This allowed us to make the proposed technical solution universal, capable of processing any kind of bulk material in accordance with the set technological goals.

The economic effect of the implementation of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the use of the prototype, is obtained by improving the quality of the finished product and the versatility of the device.

The social effect of the introduction of the proposed technical solution, in comparison with the use of the prototype, is obtained due to the possibility of processing seed material of any origin, as well as the use of non-biological origin for processing materials.

After describing the proposed device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that all of the above is illustrative only and not restrictive as presented by this example. Numerous possible modifications to the elements of the device, in particular, the number of nozzles and their sizes, the materials used, can vary depending on the initial state and type of material being separated and, of course, are within the scope of one of the usual and natural approaches in this field of knowledge and are considered as such as being within the scope of the proposed technical solution.

The quintessence of the proposed technical solution is that the separation is carried out by a cascade of air jets with altered properties, which were obtained by a special change in the size and relative position of the upper and lower walls of each nozzle, which made it possible to separate into fractions both seeds of a normal form and elongated, thereby expanding the scope of the device and at the same time improving the quality of the separation of the granular mixture into fractions, and it was these circumstances that made it possible to acquire the proposed mouth The above listed and other benefits. Changing the proposed principle of the formation of a cascade of jets, their outflow mode to another and the effect on the particles of the mixture in free flight will naturally limit the range of advantages listed above and cannot be considered new technical solutions in this field of knowledge, since others, like the claimed device for the separation of the granular mixture in a fluid, it no longer requires any creative approach from designers and engineers, and therefore can not be considered the results of their creative activities or new objects intellectual property subject to protection by title documents.

Claims (1)

A device for separating a granular mixture in a fluid medium, including a hopper with a vibratory tray for gravitational feeding of the mixture into the separation zone, a jet generator installed below them with flat nozzles of different sizes located one below the other, formed by the upper and lower flat walls and covered by the side walls of the separation chamber, and also collections of fractions, characterized in that the upper and lower walls of each nozzle are located at an acute angle to each other, and the width of the upper wall is at least 3.5 times the height the smallest cross section of the nozzle, and the width of the lower wall is commensurate with it.

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