RU159687U1 - SWINGING GRAIN TOPKAR LATTICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The grate of the furnace, characterized in that it has air supply openings, drive and support shafts on which it rests from different sides, a rear wall, a rear movable support of the duct, a drive mechanism of the rear movable support, a boost fan, a drive shaft rotation mechanism, a front the swivel support of the box, the front wall, and the grill is installed in the box.

Description

The utility model relates to a power system and is used for burning solid fuels. Mixing the fuel during the combustion process, its uniform distribution over the entire area of the grate, the thickness of the fuel layer, depending on its type, is a necessary condition for efficient combustion with maximum heat transfer and minimization of losses from underburning.

For complete combustion of the fuel, it is necessary to choose the correct thickness of its layer, since small or large fractions of the fuel create unequal resistance to the passage of air for normal combustion. The grate, on which the fuel is located, has openings for air supply, a boost fan. For small fuels, you need to keep the layer on the grate more thin so that air can pass in sufficient quantities through the fuel layer. For large fuel, the layer must be kept thicker so that excess air does not pass through it, as this will lead to a decrease in temperature.

The task of creating a grate that provides efficient combustion for any type of solid fuel, any size of the fuel fractions, while providing the necessary thickness of the fuel layer, fuel lining during combustion, the continuous removal of ash after burning fuel, the ability to control the magnitude of the boost to obtain various combustion processes, the possibility automation of fuel combustion processes, ensuring simplicity of design, manufacturability in manufacturing and reliability in operation and with minimizing the kinematic relationships of the movable elements, it is solved by the proposed design of the firebox grate swaying as a whole, mixing the fuel by swinging in the horizontal plane and moving the fuel along the longitudinal axis of the grate, due to the periodic inclination of the longitudinal axis of the box in the vertical plane relative to the horizontal plane, with adjustable boost through the box under the grate.

The technical result is the simplicity and manufacturability.

Depending on the method of organizing the fuel combustion process, the furnaces can be divided into three groups: 1) with a fixed grate and a fixed layer of fuel; 2) with a fixed grate and moving fuel on the grate; 3) with a movable grate and moving with it a layer of fuel. In the book "Mechanical furnaces for boilers of small and medium power", the authors E.V. Nechaev, A.F. Lubnin, L., Energia, 1968, where a variety of moving grate grates (chain, repulsive, vibrating, etc.) are considered, which differ in the construction of grates, the gratings themselves, and the design of the drive, on page 25 it is noted that the grates gratings work in severe temperature conditions, wear out from abrasion, they often have to be changed, therefore, maintaining furnace devices in working condition is associated with high metal consumption and significant labor costs. The proposed swing grate has air supply openings, drive and support shafts on which it is supported from different sides, a rear wall, a rear movable support of the duct, a drive mechanism of the rear movable support, a blower fan, a drive shaft rotation mechanism, a front rotary support of the duct, a front wall, and the grill is installed in the box.

Known repulsive grate, for the formation of the movement movement equipped with reciprocating grates. Such repulsive grate grids contain in most cases several grate sections that are arranged one after another, as well as stepwise and accordingly like roof tiles over one another. The reciprocating movement of the moving grate sections leads to the fact that the material to be burned during the combustion process moves forward along the repulsive grate, along with this, the fuel layer is tuned, air is supplied to the fuel, usually from below (RF Patent No. 2127851).

Known mechanical repulsive lattice containing the transverse rows of alternating moving reciprocating grate beams with grate and fixed beams with grate (RF Patent No. 21115863).

Known mechanical repulsive grate, containing moving reciprocating grate beams on roller bearings.

A known design, where the grate is made swinging and at the same time with a pallet having slots, each of which lies in the same plane with the corresponding grate of the grate, air is supplied through a channel that is formed under the grate (RF Patent No. 2349833).

Known grate (RF patent No. 221906), where the movement and lining of the fuel is carried out using a cam shaft located under the plate grate and interacting with the latter.

Known grate, selected for the prototype, with swaying grates (copyright certificate No. 88286 of 11/11/1949) it is composed of swing grates with a cylindrical surface of two sizes (narrow and wide), installed alternately in the furnace: one wide, then narrow and etc. When the middle position of narrow grid-irons is stationary and when turning wide grid-irons, slag is cut off from the latter, which falls down under the grate.

The disadvantages of all of the above structures are complex mechanical connections consisting of levers, pushers, rods, bearings and drives (in various combinations) necessary for the interconnected movement of the grate units that work when exposed to high temperatures, in some cases water cooling is required, the possibility of distortion of the nodes, their clogging, jamming under the influence of high temperatures.

A brief description of the drawings of a utility model.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the grate.

In FIG. 2 shows a grate, side view.

In FIG. 3 shows an isometry of the grate.

In FIG. 4 shows the fuel path on the grate.

Description of the elements.

FIG. one

1 - solid fuel; 2 - box; 3 - air supply openings; 4 - drive shaft of the grate; 5 - grate; 6 - the supporting shaft of the grate; 7 - the back wall of the grate; 8 - rear movable support box;

FIG. 2

9 - drive mechanism of the rear movable support; 10 - boost fan; 11 - the mechanism of rotation of the drive shaft; 12 - front swivel support box;

FIG. 3

13 - front wall of the grate;

FIG. four

14 - the trajectory of the movement of solid fuel when swinging the grate and when tilting the box.

Description of the operation of the swinging grate of the furnace.

Solid fuel is supplied by a metering device to the grate above the zone A (Fig. 4), at the front wall of the grate 13 (Fig. 3), the box 2 and the grate 5 (Fig. 1) having the form of a part of the side surface of the cylinder are horizontal position at the beginning of the fuel loading cycle 1 and during combustion. After preliminary firing, the grate is heated, the solid fuel entering zone “A” is ignited, the grate is 5, from the rotation mechanism of the drive shaft 11, resting on the drive shaft of the grate 4 with one side, the opposite side is the grate, resting on the supporting shaft of the grate 6 moves to a certain angle, the drive 11 reverses and the grate moves to the other side, thereby swinging relative to the horizontal plane. The swing amplitude of the grate relative to the horizontal plane is controlled automatically by the reversal drive 11, preventing fuel from pouring over the edges of the grate and depends on the type of fuel, the size of the fuel fractions, and the area of the grate. Thereby, active, continuous mixing of the fuel is achieved - shuverka, the fuel moves in the transverse direction along the plane of the grate and the fuel fractions are mixed with simultaneous pressurization of air over the entire volume of fuel through the holes in the grate 3 (Fig. 1) and (Fig. 4). Supercharging over the entire volume of fuel located on the grate is made by the fan 10 (Fig. 2), air is blown into the lower part of the duct 2 and through the openings in the grate 3 is supplied to the fuel, ensuring its efficient and rapid combustion with active heat generation and complete combustion . The drive shaft of the grate 4 and the support shaft of the grate 6 prevent the flow of air beyond the boundaries of the boost zone of the grate and the ingress of air into the furnace, in addition to the holes 3 in the grate, the air in the fuel combustion zone is supplied strictly dosed and is regulated by the fan performance. To evenly distribute fuel along the longitudinal surface of the grate, the tilt mechanism of the duct 2 (Fig. 1) is used, consisting of the front rotary support of the duct 12, the drive mechanism of the rear movable support 9 (Fig. 2), the rear movable support of the duct 8 (Fig. 1). After loading fuel into zone “A”, igniting it, lapping by swinging the grill, before feeding the next portion of fuel, the drive mechanism of the rear movable support 9 lowers the rear movable support of the box 8 by a certain amount, the back of the box 2 deviates downward relative to the horizontal plane, leaning to the front rotary support of the box 12, the grate 4 continues to swing relative to the horizontal plane of the box and the fuel moves along the surface of the grid along trajectory 14 (Fig. 4) along the longitudinal axis of the box . Then, according to the automation signal, into the drive mechanism of the rear movable support 9 returns the longitudinal axis of the duct to a horizontal position, the fuel is distributed evenly over the entire length of the grate. The swing of the lattice relative to the horizontal plane does not stop, providing shurovka. As the fuel burns out, due to the periodic inclination of the box, the burnt solid fuel moves to the rear wall of the grate 7 (Fig. 1) and is poured into the ash pan, making room for a new portion of solid fuel. If it is necessary to emergency stop the boiler, it is possible to discharge burning fuel into the ash pan due to the maximum inclination of the box relative to the horizontal plane.

The process of removing burnt solid fuel into the ash pan, and loading new solid fuel into zone “A” occurs continuously, the longitudinal inclination frequency of the box axis from the drive mechanism of the rear movable support 9 and the grate swing relative to the horizontal plane from the rotation mechanism of the drive shaft 11 is regulated automatically, depending on the type of solid fuel, the size of the solid fuel fractions, the time of its complete burnout.

Claims (1)

The grate of the furnace, characterized in that it has air supply openings, drive and support shafts on which it rests from different sides, a rear wall, a rear movable support of the duct, a drive mechanism of the rear movable support, a boost fan, a drive shaft rotation mechanism, a front the swivel support of the box, the front wall, and the grill is installed in the box.

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