RU146310U1 - SHOCK ABSORBER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A shock absorber comprising a cylinder with a shock absorber fluid, in which the rod is coaxially displaced with a working piston equipped with two valves - compression and rebound, and a separation piston separating liquid-containing and gas-filled cavities in the shock absorber, characterized in that the stem is hollow and a gas-filled cavity and a separation piston are placed in it, while the hollow rod is equipped with a valve for charging gas of the gas-filled cavity. 2. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the dividing piston has a limit movement limiter in the form of a thrust ring mounted in the inner circular groove at the lower end of the hollow rod.

Description

The utility model relates to transport equipment, namely to damping devices of vehicles.

Known hydraulic shock absorber with adjustable characteristic (RU 2402703, F16F 5/00, F16F 9/16, publ. 10/27/2010), consisting of a working cylinder, inside of which there is a piston with throttle holes. A recoil valve and a compression valve are installed in the piston, blocking the throttle openings in the piston. The tightness of each valve to the piston is ensured by a spring with a washer. The rod is attached to the piston using a thread. Around the working cylinder, discharge and compression relief valves are located around the periphery. Unloading valve springs have different stiffness. Each unloading valve is installed in the body and pressed against the seat with a spring. The seat of each discharge valve is pressed into the housing. Unloading valves are connected to the working cylinder by means of tubes with fittings. The compensation chamber has a piston inside that separates the working fluid and inert gas - nitrogen. The compensation chamber is connected to the slave cylinder using a high pressure pipe. The slave cylinder is covered with a nut on top. To ensure tightness, a stem seal is installed between the stem and the nut of the working cylinder.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are large dimensions and weight of the structure, because it includes a working cylinder, a housing with valves and a compensation chamber connected by tubes to the fittings.

Known hydro-pneumatic shock absorber of a vehicle (RU 2361134, F16F 5/00, F16F 9/06, publ. 07.10.2009) containing a hydraulic cylinder filled with a working fluid, with a piston and a rod, a hydraulic accumulator. Radial throttling holes and a spring-loaded control plunger overlapping these holes are located at the bottom of the stem. Radial throttling holes are spaced along the length of the rod in such a way that the control plunger can overlap them alternately, smoothly changing the total flow area. The control plunger is located in the piston outside the flow of the working fluid and can deviate from its normal position only under the influence of gravity.

The disadvantages of the known hydropneumatic shock absorber of the vehicle are the large dimensions and weight of the structure, because It includes a hydraulic cylinder with a piston and a rod and a hydraulic accumulator.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed object is adopted as a prototype hydraulic damper with the system "non-wettable fluid-nanoporous body" (RU 111598, F16F 9/19, F16F 9/06, publ. 12/20/2011), containing a hollow cylinder, a dividing piston, dividing the internal cavity of the cylinder into two parts - liquid-containing and gas-filled, a rod with a working piston equipped with two valves - compression and rebound, moving in the liquid-containing cavity of the cylinder. The separation piston is additionally equipped with two or more cassettes with nanoporous bodies with different sizes of nanopores, the nanoporous body of the cartridge directly in contact with the liquid having pores larger than the bodies of the cassettes located behind the first cartridge, and the liquid filling the cylinder is non-wetting in relation to to nanoporous bodies.

The disadvantages of the known technical solution adopted for the prototype are the large dimensions and weight of the structure, since to place the separation piston, which is equipped with two or more cartridges with nanoporous bodies and to place the gas-filled part behind the separation piston, it is necessary to extend the hollow cylinder.

The objective of this technical proposal is to reduce the overall dimensions of the shock absorber.

The stated technical problem is achieved by the fact that a shock absorber is proposed comprising a cylinder with a shock absorber liquid, in which a rod with a working piston is provided coaxially with a possibility of movement, equipped with two valves - compression and rebound, and a separation piston separating liquid-containing and gas-filled cavities in the shock absorber. The rod is hollow and a gas-filled cavity and a dividing piston are placed in it, while the hollow rod is equipped with a valve for charging the gas-filled cavity with neutral gas.

The separation piston has a limit movement limiter in the form of a thrust ring mounted in the inner circular groove at the lower end of the hollow rod.

The execution of the rod hollow, the placement of a gas-filled cavity and a separation piston in it reduces the length and mass of the shock absorber, and, consequently, the overall dimensions are reduced compared to the prototype.

The essence of the proposed utility model is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a sectional view of a shock absorber.

In the drawing are indicated:

1 - cylinder;

2 - shock absorber fluid;

3 - cylinder eye;

4 - hollow stem;

5 - working piston;

6 - compression valve;

7 - rebound valve;

8 - cylinder cover;

9 - cuff;

10 - neutral gas-nitrogen;

11 - separation piston;

12 - a sealing ring of the dividing piston;

13 - persistent inner flat ring at the end of the hollow rod;

14 - rod eye;

15 - filling valve;

"A" is the piston cavity of the cylinder;

"B" - the piston cavity of the cylinder;

"B" is a gas-containing cavity.

The claimed shock absorber comprises a cylinder 1 filled with a shock-absorbing liquid 2, for example, mineral oil MVP GOST 1805-76 or AMG 10 GOST 6794-75 and equipped with an eye 3. In the cylinder, a hollow rod 4 with a working piston 5 equipped with two valves is placed coaxially movably - compression 6 and rebound 7, moving in the fluid-containing cavities of the cylinder: “A” - the under-piston cavity of the cylinder and “B” - the over-piston cavity of the cylinder.

The cylinder is closed from above by a lid 8 with a sleeve 9 sealing the stem. The hollow stem is filled under pressure with a neutral gas, for example, nitrogen 10, a separation piston 11 sealed by a ring 12 is mounted in the hollow stem with the possibility of movement. A limiter for the maximum movement of the separation piston from the hollow stem is installed at the lower end of the hollow stem, for example, in the form of a thrust internal flat ring 13, inserted into the inner circular groove of the hollow rod, while the upper end of the hollow rod has an eye 14 and a neutral gas filling valve 15. The gas used must be neutral so that there is no reaction with the shock absorber materials. As a neutral gas in the proposed shock absorber can be used, for example, nitrogen. Thrust inner flat ring applied standard, for example, according to GOST 13943-86.

The shock absorber operates as follows.

On the vehicle, the shock absorber is attached with its eyes 3 and 14 to the sprung masses of the vehicle, for example, to the body and trolley of a car or locomotive vertically or horizontally. When the sprung masses of the vehicle fluctuate, the eyes 3 and 14 move between themselves and the shock absorber is compressed or stretched accordingly.

During compression, when the hollow rod 4 with the working piston 5 moves in the cylinder 1 down to the eye 3 of the cylinder 1, the shock-absorbing liquid 2 under the influence of the working piston 5 from the piston cavity "A" of the cylinder 1 flows into the hollow rod 4 under the separation piston 11 and moves a piston 11 with a sealing ring 12, while compressing the neutral gas 10 located in the gas-containing cavity "B" in the hollow stem 4 above the separation piston 11. At the same time, the pressure of the shock absorber fluid 2 located in the under-piston cavity "A" is increased. Under the influence of this pressure of the shock-absorbing liquid 2, the compression valve 6 opens in the working piston 5 and the shock-absorbing liquid 2 with resistance flows into the supra-piston cavity “B” of cylinder 1, and due to the friction of the liquid 2 against the valve walls, viscous resistance forces are proportional to the piston moving speed which inelastically impede the movement of the working piston 5 with the hollow rod 4, and therefore, limiting the oscillation amplitudes of the sprung masses of the vehicle to which the shock absorber is attached flax lugs 3, 14.

During stretching, the hollow rod 4 with the working piston 5 moves in the cylinder 1 to the cover 8, the shock-absorbing liquid 2 with resistance flows through the rebound valve 7 in the working piston 5 from the over-piston cavity "B" of cylinder 1 into the under-piston cavity "A" of cylinder 1. When due to viscous friction of the shock absorber fluid 2 against the walls of the rebound valve 7, inelastic resistance forces develop, which are proportional to the speed of movement of the piston. These resistance forces through the eyes 3 and 14 are transmitted to the brackets of the vehicle body and truck and limit the amplitude of oscillations of its sprung masses during stretching. In this case, the pressure decreases in the sub-piston cavity “A” and the separation piston 11 moves under pressure of neutral gas, displacing the shock absorber liquid 2 from the lower part of the hollow rod 4 into the piston cavity “A” of cylinder 1. As a result, the piston cavity “A” is replenished with working fluid cylinder 1, while the neutral gas 10 does not mix with the shock absorber liquid 2, since it is separated from it by a separation piston 11 with a sealing ring 12. The maximum movement of the separation piston 11 in the hollow rod 4 is limited about, for example, a thrust flat inner ring 13 inserted into the inner groove at the end of the hollow rod 4. The cuff 9 seals the hollow rod 4 and prevents leakage of the shock absorber liquid 2 from the cylinder 1.

In the claimed shock absorber, a distinctive feature that contributes to the reduction of overall dimensions is the use of a hollow rod with a gas-filled cavity and a separation piston placed in it. The dividing piston has a limiter of limit movement inside the hollow rod in the form of a thrust ring mounted in the inner circular groove at the lower end of the hollow rod. Due to the placement of the gas-filled cavity and the separation piston in the hollow rod, the length and mass of the shock absorber are reduced, i.e. weight and size indicator compared to the prototype. The shock absorber can be used on railway cars, locomotives, trams and subway cars, in automobile and tracked vehicles.

Claims (2)

1. A shock absorber comprising a cylinder with a shock absorber fluid, in which the rod is coaxially mounted for movement with a working piston equipped with two valves - compression and rebound, and a separation piston separating liquid-containing and gas-filled cavities in the shock absorber, characterized in that the stem is hollow and a gas-filled cavity and a separation piston are placed in it, while the hollow rod is equipped with a valve for charging gas in the gas-filled cavity. 2. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation piston has a limit movement limiter in the form of a thrust ring mounted in the inner circular groove at the lower end of the hollow rod.

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