RU145015U1 - SECONDARY RADAR SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The transceiver station of the secondary radar system, equipped with a radio station with an antenna system, characterized in that it is based on a ship and, at the same time, the standard equipment of the transceiver station is located in one cabinet, and the antenna of the antenna system uses a monopulse viewing method and is combined with the antenna azimuth-rangefinder radio beacon system. 2. The transceiver station of the secondary radar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna system includes six emitters, simultaneously performing the functions of automatic dependent monitoring and an azimuth-rangefinder radio beacon. The transceiver station of the secondary radar system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a side lobe suppression system. The transceiver station of the secondary radar system according to claim 1, characterized in that it provides an eight-step mode for controlling the power of the pathogen.

Description

The utility model relates to radio engineering and is intended for air traffic control of sea-based vessels from a mobile flight control center located on ships.

Ground-based air traffic surveillance systems use Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) or Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) systems. The main feature of such systems is the use of an active transponder on aircraft, which periodically sends in the form of a broadcast signal its identification data, information about the position, speed and direction of flight, as well as other information.

A similar device is described in US patent 5570095. The system is a ground station, including a GPS navigation receiver for determining the position of the aircraft, a mode S transponder for transmitting the location data of this vessel, a receiving mode S radio station for receiving aircraft coordinate information and determining the location of the transmitting aircraft relative to other aircraft and to land. The ground station also includes several sector antennas connected to the receiver in mode S. The transponder of mode S transmits formatted messages about the location of the aircraft (latitude, longitude, altitude), course of the aircraft, and movement characteristics.

Automatic dependent surveillance systems are used only in combination with ground-based receiving stations and cannot be used to control the air traffic of sea-based ships from a mobile flight control center located on ships, because of the stringent requirements for ship equipment. The equipment of ground stations does not satisfy such requirements either in terms of weight and size characteristics, or in the possibility of working in conditions of pitching and vibration.

In addition, such systems do not provide for a request from the ground station. Aircraft equipped with a Mode S transmitter periodically send information about the position of their vessel.

Secondary radar systems (ARL) are widely used in ground-based air traffic surveillance systems. Such a secondary radar system consists of two main parts: a ground station and a station on board an aircraft. A ground station is a transceiver station and includes an interrogator / receiver with a radio station (radar) with a rotating antenna. The rotation speed determines the frequency of updating information. A station on board an aircraft includes an airborne transponder that responds to requests from the ground station. Based on the responses received, the ground station determines the coordinates of the aircraft (slant range and azimuth). Mode A / C transponders transmit an identification code (mode A) and a barometric altitude code (mode C). Transponders with Mk equipment. XA (military radar standard) transmit the codes of modes 1 and 2 (modes 1 and 2 are regulated by the standard STANAG, NATO).

The VRL systems are equipped with a GLOHACC \ GPS receiver, a Mode S receiver, and a processor for processing the received signal (see http://wiki.zarimk.ru/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8% D0% BE% D0% BB% D0% BE% D0% BA% D0% B0% D1% 86% D0% B8% D0% BE% D0% BD% D0% BD% D0% B0% D1% 8F% D1% 81% D1% 82% D0% B0% D0% BD% D1% 86% D0% B8% D1% 8F; see also GOST 21800-89 Secondary radar systems for air traffic control. General technical requirements).

The specified transceiver station for the secondary radar system is selected as a prototype.

Secondary radar systems are also used only in conjunction with ground-based receiving stations and cannot be used to control the air traffic of sea-based vessels from a mobile flight control center located on a sea vessel.

The main reason for this state of affairs is the impossibility of placing known systems on the sea vessels of transmitting and transmitting stations due to the existing strict restrictions on small-sized characteristics. In addition, "land" (ground) equipment does not meet the requirements for ship equipment in the range of operating temperatures, humidity, vibration, etc.

Another problem associated with stringent restrictions on the weight and size parameters of antenna systems is the need to increase noise immunity and resolution compared to the VRL system, since it is impossible to use an antenna with sea power based on a receiving and transmitting station that is comparable to the antenna power of ground-based stations.

The objective of this utility model is the adaptation of a secondary radar system for sea-based, as well as improving the efficiency, accuracy and resolution under conditions of multiple overlapping responses.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the transceiver station is based on the ship, while the standard equipment of the system is located in one cabinet, the antenna is combined with the antenna of the azimuth-rangefinding radio beacon. A monopulse method is used to measure the azimuth.

The antenna system includes six emitters, simultaneously performing the functions of automatic dependent observation and an azimuth-rangefinding radio beacon.

The transceiver station is equipped with a side lobe suppression system.

The transceiver station provides an eight-step mode for controlling the power of the pathogen.

In this case, the placement of the transceiver station not on the ground stationary position, but on the ships is ensured by the following:

- all equipment is located in one typical cabinet, with the use of a modern element base, maximum sealing is provided, etc .;

- the antenna system is combined with the antenna system of the azimuthal-rangefinder beacon commonly used on the ship;

- the antenna system includes six emitters, simultaneously performing the functions of automatic dependent observation and azimuth-rangefinder beacon;

- the transceiver station is equipped with a side lobe suppression system;

- a monopulse method is used to measure the azimuth.

Patent studies have shown that the prior art does not know the same purpose as the claimed utility model, which has all the essential features listed in the independent claim of the utility model, including the purpose of the application. Therefore, the utility model meets the condition of patentability "novelty."

Such complexes can be used in modern flight safety systems; therefore, the utility model has industrial applicability.

The essence of the claimed transceiver station is illustrated by diagrams where in Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of the apparatus of the claimed transceiver station, in Fig. 2 is a radiation pattern of sector antennas, in Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of the response processing in the transceiver station, in 4 is a structural diagram of an antenna system.

The structure of the equipment of the transceiver station includes the following devices: antenna system 1, which includes six sector antennas and frequency separation devices 2 (CRO), reception equipment 3 and primary processing 4, synchronizer 5, transmitter equipment 6, six-way switch 7, calculator 8, GPS / GLONAC receiver 9, power supplies 10, console 11.

The requirements for weight and dimensions are fulfilled by placing all the equipment, except the antenna system, in one standardized cabinet Ш6.01.01 according to OST 4.GO.410.235-84. This cabinet has established dimensions, as well as other properties necessary for use in a ship (moisture resistance, corrosion protection, etc.).

At the same time, a modern element base was used, which meets not only strict requirements in terms of weight and dimensions, but also provides for special structural design (protection against corrosion, moisture, etc.). All these elements are widely known and are not the subject of this utility model.

The automatic dependent monitoring system uses a monopulse method of measuring coordinates, so the resolution parameters are determined by the capabilities of the processing processor, which is part of the equipment of the transceiver station, for the separation of superimposed signals.

To increase the resolution of the system when detecting aircraft located at close azimuths, the claimed technical solution employs an 8-step mode for controlling the exciter power. The control is performed by the synchronizer in such a way that in each azimuthal sector the radiation power of the request packets has eight steps. The stepped power control mode is implemented in a software and hardware way, the transmitter equipment is able to generate a variable power signal. The transmitter developed by the applicant has a lower resolution than similar known devices. This allows you to generate more request power levels, in this case, eight.

To increase the efficiency of the transceiver station, a side lobe processing system is used. The principle of its operation is shown in figure 2, while the following notation is used:

BL - side lobes;

Σ is the request sector;

Δ1, Δ2 - adjacent to the request sector sectors used to determine the azimuth of the aircraft (LA);

'Ω1,' Ω2, 'Ω3 - sectors used to suppress side lobes.

The functionality of the sector antennas changes with the change in direction of the request.

The block diagram of the response processing, including the side lobes, in the system is presented in figure 3.

For processing responses, one PROS board and a radar information switch (RLI) are used. The RLI switch provides commutation of analog signals from six channels of receivers to the PROS inputs, in accordance with their functional purpose with respect to the request sector, and also generates a “side lobe suppression” signal.

The PBL signal is generated on three analog comparators comparing the signal level in the channel Σ with the signal levels ′ Ω1, ′ Ω2, ′ Ω3. If the signal level in one of the channels Ω exceeds the signal level in the channel Σ, a PBL signal is generated. The signal PBL is logical and is fed to the digital input PROS.

The functions of a radar detector can be implemented on a synchronizer board that controls the switching of sectors.

An example of a specific implementation.

The equipment of the transceiver station is located on the ship in a cabinet with equipment. The antenna system and communication lines are laid along the cable routes existing on the ship. The equipment does not require the allocation of separate guard rooms and is located in the posts of existing radio navigation systems.

A distinctive feature of the claimed system is its compatibility with the equipment on the ship of an azimuth-rangefinding radio beacon (ADRM) in terms of the antenna system. Thus, it is not necessary to allocate a separate room for the antenna system of automatic dependent surveillance (ADS).

The structural diagram of the antenna system ADRM and ADS is presented in figure 4. Structurally, this combination is implemented as follows: in a phased antenna array (PAR) ADRM, six emitters are modified in such a way as to simultaneously perform the functions of ADS and ADRM.

In the claimed utility model uses a single-pulse method of measuring azimuth.

The receiving-transmitting station communicates with the airborne transponder located on board the aircraft via radio channels, messages are transmitted to the aircraft at a frequency of 1030 MHz, and response messages are received at a frequency of 1090 MHz.

The inventive device can send requests to aircraft in modes A, C, 1 and 2 and receive signals of modes A, C, 1, 2, as well as the so-called advanced squitters (their official name is 1090 ES).

Claims (4)

1. The transceiver station of the secondary radar system, equipped with a radio station with an antenna system, characterized in that it is based on a ship and, at the same time, the standard equipment of the transceiver station is located in one cabinet, and the antenna of the antenna system uses a monopulse viewing method and is combined with the antenna azimuth-rangefinder radio beacon system. 2. The transceiver station of the secondary radar system according to claim 1, characterized in that the antenna system includes six emitters, simultaneously performing the functions of automatic dependent monitoring and an azimuth-rangefinding radio beacon. 3. The transceiver station of the secondary radar system according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a side lobe suppression system. 4. The transceiver station of the secondary radar system according to claim 1, characterized in that it provides an eight-step power control mode of the pathogen.