RU138172U1 - SEEDER - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A seeder, including devices for transporting, feeding and seeding seeds, a pneumatic system, bearing elements with marker devices attached to them, characterized in that the marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels connected to the outputs of the switch, the input of which is connected via a line to pneumatic drill system. 2. A seeder, including devices for transporting, feeding and sowing seeds, a pneumatic system, bearing elements with marker devices attached to them, characterized in that the marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels, each of which is connected to a corresponding autonomous pneumatic line connecting the output of the corresponding switch with the corresponding pneumatic cylinder acting on the bearing part of the marker device for alternately raising and lowering, while the input of each switch in the middle Twomey its trunk is connected to a pneumatic system seyalki.3. Seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that the pneumatic cylinders include pneumatic throttles. 4. A seeder, including devices for transporting, feeding and seeding seeds, a pneumatic system, bearing elements with marker devices fixed to them, characterized in that the marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels, each of which is connected to a corresponding autonomous pneumatic line connecting the corresponding output of the switch with the corresponding pneumatic cylinder acting on the bearing part of the marker device for alternately raising and lowering, while the input of the switch is connected in the middle Twomey line with Mon

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

This technical solution relates to agricultural machinery and agriculture, can be used to reduce energy costs in seeders, agricultural units, complexes.

State of the art

An analogue of this technical solution is a seeder for sowing seeds of agricultural crops (patent for the invention No. 2004123354 from 07.30.2004). The disadvantage of this seeder is:

- increased energy consumption (due to the increased weight of the marker device, as well as the large friction forces that occur when the marker contacts the soil).

The same analogue is a seeder (patent for the invention No. 2232320 dated December 1, 2005) and a sowing combined unit (patent for the invention No. 2411708 dated October 29, 2007). The disadvantages of these analogues are the same as that of the patent for the invention No. 2004123354 of July 30, 2004.

Another analogue is the seeder of the MAESTRA model of the GASPARDO company (http://www.gaspardo.it) made in Italy. Its disadvantage is the same as that of the above.

Another analogue is the AMAZONE D9 and AD3 seeders (manufactured by AMAZONEN-WERKE H. DREYER GmbH & Co. KG Germany, http://www.amazone.ru). Their disadvantage is similar to that which has a seeder of the MAESTRA model of GASPARDO firm.

The next analogue of this technical solution is the multi-purpose pneumatic precision seeder for row crops Ts - M, model 8000 (manufacturer CJSC Technika-Service, Voronezh, 75 Patriotov Ave, http://www.tese.ru) . The disadvantage is that of the above.

Another analogue is the SVP-4 dotted seeding seeder (manufactured by RUE Instrument-Making Plant "Optron", 220141, Minsk, 52 F. Skorina St., http://www.optron.by). The disadvantage of this analogue is the same as that of model 8000 manufactured by CJSC Technika-Service.

Another analogue is a type C - 6PM2 seeder (manufactured by Radiozavod OJSC, 440039, Penza, Baidukova St., 1). The disadvantage of this seeder is the same as the previous counterpart.

The closest analogue (prototype) of the claimed technical solution is a universal pneumatic trailed seeder, patent for utility model No. 112585 of 08/31/2011.

The disadvantage of the prototype:

- increased energy consumption (due to the increased weight of the marker device, as well as due to the large friction forces that occur when the marker contacts the soil).

Utility Model Disclosure

The purpose of creating the proposed technical solutions is to reduce energy costs.

In addition, the proposed technical solutions will allow: to reduce the weight of the seeder by reducing the weight of marker devices, replacing the hydraulic cylinders for lifting marker devices with pneumatic cylinders (or eliminating the use of hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinders), as well as by eliminating metal pipelines connecting the hydraulic cylinders to the overall hydraulic system of the seeder ; increase traction due to the lack of mechanical contact of the marker device with the soil and weight reduction of the above devices; reduce the time for repair and maintenance, since it will not be necessary to periodically lubricate bearings and other parts in marker devices, as well as change them, eliminate leaks in the hydraulic system, including hydraulic cylinders for raising markers; reduce the amount of working fluid used in the seeder hydraulic system; exclude lubricant (included in the grease markers); create convenience in management and reduce the time of switching markers, thereby increasing the productivity of sowing complexes, aggregates, seeders; increase the reliability of the seeder; increase the capacity of the hopper or the width of the seeder.

To obtain technical data on the design of seeders can have several options and their designs. Each version of the seeder with versions includes devices for transporting, feeding and sowing seeds, a pneumatic system, bearing elements, with marker devices fixed to them. All these devices and elements are structurally interconnected by honey and are included in the seeder (as well as in the prototype, - patent for utility model No. 112585 of 08/31/2011). Thus, a hopper acting as a device for transporting seeds (the walls of which have a certain angle of inclination to the horizon) is connected to the metering devices through a funnel-shaped adapter. The sowing devices located under the hopper are connected by a tube to the receiving chamber (part of the pneumatic seeder system), which is connected via a nozzle to a large flexible hose (part of the pneumatic seeder system), through which air is pumped under pressure from the fan (part of the pneumatic seeder system). The receiving chamber without a gap is connected to vertically arranged pipes (part of the pneumatic seeder system), connected to horizontally located distributors (part of the pneumatic seeder system). Distributors have horizontally located openings connected to flexible hoses (part of the pneumatic system of the seeder), the ends of which are located in the area of the coulters (devices for sowing seeds). One of the types of a large number of designs of seeders and devices is considered above. The absence of any of the above devices makes the work of the seeder impossible. All these devices (devices for transporting, feeding and sowing seeds) are well known and do not change their designs in the proposed technical solutions. Today, the seeders use a large range of fans, significantly different from each other in pressure, performance and other parameters. So, for example, the fan of the Ukrainian enterprise of PJSC Chervona Zirka (25006, Kirovograd, 1 Mendeleev St.) is 1.75 times higher in terms of capacity and pressure of the fan produced by the enterprise OJSC Radiozavod (Russia, 440039, Penza, Baidukova St., 1). This allows you to use the "excess" fan power for other purposes: the operation of pneumatic cylinders, marker devices. Consider the various options and their implementation of the proposed seeders.

In the first embodiment, the seeder includes devices for transporting, feeding and sowing seeds, a pneumatic system, load-bearing elements, marker devices (in the form of two autonomous channels), a switch, and a trunk. Technical results are achieved due to the fact that:

- marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels connected to the outputs of the switch, the input of which is connected via a line to the pneumatic seeder system.

In this embodiment, the second end of the line is connected to the pneumatic system of the seeder, due to which part of the air flow passing through the line, switch and one of the autonomous channels acts on the soil, forming a trace on it. The switch directs air through one autonomous channel, then another. Or it serves to alternately supply air to the left or right marker device by moving the handle (if it is, for example, a manual air distributor) then to one extreme position, then to another. As one of the possible options, when the second end, for example, of the rubber hose (line) of the marker device is worn, for example, on a fitting welded to the inside of the fan housing (part of the pneumatic seeder system) and secured to it, for example, with a clamp or other fixing element . The other end of the hose (line) can be dressed on a fitting, also fastened with a fastening element, and the fitting can be screwed into a switch, which, for example, can be used as a valve valve type B71-22, either a pneumatic valve or a valve with different control system, etc. (hereinafter the directional valve). Each working output of the switch (and there will be two) will be connected to the fitting, on which a hose (stand-alone channel) can be put on and secured with a clamp or other structural element. The second ends of these hoses (autonomous channels) can be located on the supporting elements, for example, seeders, and are fixed in a rigid profile or can be located in place of mechanical markers that are currently in operation, or can be connected to the pipe. Options may be different. Today, widely used mechanical markers have a rotating disk in their design, inside of which, as a rule, a bearing assembly is located. During the sowing of the seeder, such a mechanical marker contacts the disk with the ground, leaving a mark on it. Disadvantages of mechanical markers: increased weight; high friction forces when the marker is in direct contact with the soil reduce the tractor's pulling force and do not allow increasing the hopper capacity or increasing the seeder’s working width, and also create high mechanical stresses that lead to bearing failure and breakdown of individual structural elements, which reduces reliability and requires additional repair, and lubrication of the bearing assembly; increased consumption of lubricants. All of these disadvantages are deprived of the proposed device, and primarily due to the lack of mechanical contact with the soil. That is, in our case, the trace from the marker device will be obtained as a result of a directed air flow under pressure on the soil. The use of a pneumatic system improves the energy efficiency of the fan and the seeder as a whole.

In the second version, the seeder includes devices for transporting, feeding and sowing seeds, a pneumatic system, load-bearing elements, marker devices (in the form of two autonomous channels), two switches, two main lines, two autonomous pneumatic lines, two pneumatic cylinders. In execution as a part there can be pneumatic throttles. Technical results are achieved due to the fact that:

- marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels, each of which is connected to the corresponding autonomous pneumatic line connecting the output of the corresponding switch with the corresponding pneumatic cylinder acting on the bearing part of the marker device for alternately raising and lowering, while the input of each switch is connected via pneumatic line to the pneumatic seeder system;

- pneumatic cylinders include pneumatic throttles (execution).

Today, seeders for raising (lowering) marker devices use hydraulic cylinders operating from the seeder hydraulic system. The second option allows you to reduce the weight of the seeder by replacing the hydraulic cylinders with pneumatic cylinders with smaller piston diameters than hydraulic cylinders. The design of the proposed marker devices excludes metal pipelines (in which, as in the hydraulic cylinders, there is oil inside) that connect the hydraulic cylinders to the general hydraulic system of the seeder), which are used today to form a trace, discs with bearing units and axles. The lack of contact with the soil in the proposed marker devices, as well as a decrease in the weight of the devices themselves, suggests that much less effort is needed to lift (lower). Therefore, the supporting elements will have a lighter weight. All this will allow: to increase traction by reducing the weight of the above devices; reduce the time for maintenance and repair, since it will not be necessary to periodically repair leaks in the hydraulic system, including hydraulic cylinders for raising markers; reduce the amount of working fluid used in the seeder hydraulic system; increase the reliability of the seeder and reduce energy costs. The use of pneumatic throttles in pneumatic cylinders (execution of the second option) allows you to control the speed of the pneumatic cylinders and the smooth braking of the pistons of the pneumatic cylinders, which in turn increases the reliability of the pneumatic cylinders, and therefore the seeder. Other technical results are similar to those in the first embodiment.

In the third embodiment, the seeder includes devices for transporting, feeding and sowing seeds, a pneumatic system, load-bearing elements, marker devices (in the form of two autonomous channels), two autonomous pneumatic lines, a main line, a switch, two pneumatic cylinders. The execution may include pneumatic throttles. Technical results are achieved due to the fact that:

- marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels, each of which is connected to a corresponding autonomous pneumatic line connecting the corresponding output of the switch with the corresponding pneumatic cylinder acting on the supporting part of the marker device for alternately raising and lowering, while the input of the switch is connected via a line to the pneumatic seeder system ;

- pneumatic cylinders include pneumatic throttles (execution).

The technical result of the third option is higher than the second option due to the fact that with less weight (there is no one switch and one trunk) the same tasks are solved as in the second option. Therefore, the third option has higher reliability, energy efficiency. Other technical results are similar to those in the second embodiment with its execution.

In the fourth embodiment, the seeder includes devices for transporting, feeding and sowing seeds, a pneumatic system, load-bearing elements, marker devices (in the form of two autonomous channels), two autonomous pneumatic lines, two highways, two switches, two pneumatic cylinders. The execution may include pneumatic throttles. Technical results are achieved due to the fact that:

- marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels, each of which is connected to the corresponding output of one of the switches, and the outputs of the other switch are connected by two independent pneumatic lines with the corresponding pneumatic cylinders acting on the bearing part of the marker devices for alternately raising and lowering, and the input of each switch is connected its main with pneumatic seeder system;

- pneumatic cylinders include pneumatic throttles (execution). The fourth option, compared with the second option, has greater speed (due to direct connections of switches with autonomous channels and autonomous pneumatic lines, which means greater energy efficiency). Other technical results are similar to those in the second embodiment with its execution.

In the fifth embodiment, the seeder includes devices for transporting, feeding and sowing seeds, a pneumatic system, load-bearing elements, marker devices (in the form of two autonomous channels), a compressor, a pneumatic line, a switch, two autonomous pneumatic lines, two pneumatic cylinders. Executions may include pneumatic throttles; pneumatic line, control system, second compressor.

Technical results are achieved due to the fact that:

- marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels, each of which is connected to a corresponding autonomous pneumatic line connecting the corresponding output of the switch with the corresponding pneumatic cylinder acting on the bearing part of the marker device for alternately raising and lowering, while the input of the switch is connected via a pneumatic line to the compressor;

- pneumatic cylinders include pneumatic throttles (execution);

- contains a second compressor, the output of which is connected to the inputs of two pneumatic lines, and a control system for alternately turning on the compressors (execution).

The fifth option differs from all the previous ones by using a compressor seeder instead of a pneumatic system. This makes it possible to increase the reliability and energy efficiency of both the marker device itself and the entire seeder. The use of a second compressor and control system for alternately turning on the compressors further increases reliability. The remaining technical results are similar to those in the third embodiment with its execution.

In the sixth embodiment, the seeder includes devices for transporting, feeding and seeding seeds, a pneumatic system, load-bearing elements, marker devices (in the form of two autonomous channels), a compressor, two pneumatic lines, two switches, two autonomous pneumatic lines, two pneumatic cylinders. The versions may include: pneumatic throttles; second compressor, pneumatic line, control system. Technical results are achieved due to the fact that:

- marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels, each of which is connected to the corresponding autonomous pneumatic line connecting the output of the corresponding switch with the corresponding pneumatic cylinder acting on the bearing part of the marker device for alternately raising and lowering, while the input of each switch is connected via its pneumatic line to compressor output;

- pneumatic cylinders include pneumatic throttles (execution);

- contains a second compressor, the output of which is connected to the inputs of two pneumatic lines, and a control system for alternately turning on the compressors (execution).

The sixth version with versions allows to increase reliability both by using a compressor instead of a pneumatic seeder system, and by using a control system that alternately turns on one of the compressors, then another, and a second switch (which allows the device to work when the first switch fails), as well as get maximum energy efficiency. Other technical results are similar to those in the second embodiment with its execution.

In the seventh embodiment, the seeder includes devices for transporting, feeding and sowing seeds, a pneumatic system, load-bearing elements, marker devices (in the form of two autonomous channels), two switches, two highways. Technical results are achieved due to the fact that:

- marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels connected to the outputs of the switches, the inputs of which are connected via highways with the pneumatic seeder system. The seeder of the seventh option has greater reliability compared to the seeder of the first option (since if one switch fails, in the field it is possible to quickly disconnect the stand-alone channel from the switch that does not work, connect it to the working one, damping the highway). Other technical results are similar to those in the first embodiment. The above switches can have manual, pneumatic, mechanical, electro-pneumatic, electromagnetic and other controls. That is, the operator either turns the knob or presses a button or moves the toggle switch to another position, etc. Options may be different.

The use of the proposed significant differences (features) in the above design options will reduce energy costs and get a number of other technical results indicated earlier. The set of distinctive features of the claimed devices is not found in patent information, scientific and technical literature and manufactured products. Therefore, the proposed device has significant features and meet the condition of patentability for "novelty."

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a fragment of the structural diagram of a seeder with a switch and two autonomous channels (option 1).

In FIG. 2 shows a fragment of the structural diagram of a seeder with two pneumatic cylinders and two switches (option 2).

In FIG. 3 shows a fragment of the structural diagram of a seeder with two pneumatic cylinders and one switch (option 3).

In FIG. Figure 4 shows a fragment of the structural diagram of the seeder, where autonomous channels and pneumatic cylinders operate from different switches (option 4).

In FIG. 5 shows a fragment of the structural diagram of a seeder with one compressor and one switch (option 5).

In FIG. 6 shows a fragment of the structural diagram of a seeder with one compressor and two switches (option 6).

In FIG. 7 shows a fragment of the structural diagram of a seeder with two switches and two autonomous channels (option 7).

Utility Model Implementation

Each version of the seeder with versions includes devices for transporting, feeding and sowing seeds, a pneumatic system, bearing elements, with marker devices fixed to them. All these devices and elements are structurally interconnected by honey and combined into a seeder. Thus, a hopper acting as a device for transporting seeds (the walls of which have a certain angle of inclination to the horizon) is connected to the metering devices through a funnel-shaped adapter. The sowing devices located under the hopper are connected by a tube to the receiving chamber (part of the pneumatic seeder system), which is connected via a nozzle to a large flexible hose (part of the pneumatic seeder system), through which air is pumped under pressure from the fan (part of the pneumatic seeder system). The receiving chamber without a gap is connected to vertically arranged pipes (part of the pneumatic seeder system), connected to horizontally located distributors (part of the pneumatic seeder system). Distributors have horizontally located openings connected to flexible hoses (part of the pneumatic system of the seeder), the ends of which are located in the area of the coulters (devices for sowing seeds). One of the types of a large number of seeders and devices is considered above. The absence of any of the above devices makes the work of the seeder impossible. All these devices (devices for transporting, feeding and sowing seeds) are well known and do not change their designs in the proposed technical solutions, therefore, they are not conditionally shown in the drawings and, accordingly, were not included in the described fragments of the structural diagrams of seeders. The exception is the pneumatic drill system and marker devices.

The seeder (Fig. 1) includes the pneumatic system of the seeder 1, two autonomous channels 2, highway 3, switch 4. Technical results are achieved due to the fact that:

- marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels 2 connected to the outputs of the switch 4, the input of which is connected via line 3 with the pneumatic system of the seeder 1.

When the seeder (Fig. 1) is in working condition, the second end, for example, of the hose (line 3) of the marker device is dressed, for example, on a fitting welded to the inside of the fan housing (part of the pneumatic system of the seeder 1) and fixed on it, for example, a collar or other fixing element. The other end of the hose (line 3) is dressed on a fitting, also fixed by a fastening element, and the fitting is screwed into a switch 4, for which, for example, a pneumatic distributor can be used. Each working output of switch 4 (and there will be two) will be connected to a fitting on which a hose can be put on (stand-alone channel 2) and secured with a clamp or other structural element. The second ends of these hoses (autonomous channels 2) can be fixed in a rigid profile or can be located on the site of mechanical markers that are currently in operation, or can be connected to the pipe. Options may be different. The switch 4 can be located both inside the tractor cab and beyond. Everything will depend on the layout and design of the switch 4. Having prepared the equipment for work and checking its working condition, the tractor driver starts the tractor, turns the control handle of switch 4, if this, for example, the air distributor to the left, connecting part of the air flow of the pneumatic seeder system 1 through the highway 3, through a switch 4 with a first autonomous channel 2. At the same time, air with a certain pressure, passing through the first autonomous channel 2, acts on the soil with its jet, leaving a groove on it. At this time, the second channel of the switch 4 is closed and part of the air flow of the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 through the line 3 does not enter the second autonomous channel 2. After the tractor driver has sowed the first field strip to the end, he turns around in order to sow the next strip, adjacent to the first. At this moment, he turns the same control handle of switch 4 in the opposite direction, connecting the air flow with the second autonomous channel 2, while blocking the first autonomous channel 2 for air access. At the same time, air passing through the second autonomous channel 2 affects soil, leaving a groove on it. And then the cycle repeats. The connections of the second end of line 3 to the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 can be anywhere (depending on the design of the seeder), it can be the output part of the fan housing, or part of the sleeve extending from the fan, etc. In the proposed embodiment, there is no mechanical contact of the disk with the soil (as is the case with seeders in use today). Due to this, and also due to the decrease in the weight of the marker devices themselves (there are two of them on the seeder), the tractor's traction force is increased, which reduces energy costs. It is also possible to exclude from the design of the seeder hydraulic cylinders, as well as a hydraulic system that works to lower and raise marker devices, which will also lead to a significant reduction in the weight of the seeder and energy costs when sowing various crops.

The seeder (Fig. 2) includes the pneumatic system of the seeder 1, two autonomous channels 2, two highways 3, two switches 4, two autonomous pneumatic lines 6, two pneumatic cylinders 5. The embodiment contains pneumatic throttles. Technical results are achieved due to the fact that:

- marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels 2, each of which is connected to the corresponding autonomous pneumatic line 6, connecting the output of the corresponding switch 4 with the corresponding pneumatic cylinder 5, acting on the bearing part of the marker device for alternately raising and lowering, while the input of each switch 4 by its line 3 is connected to the pneumatic system of the seeder 1;

- pneumatic cylinders 5 include pneumatic throttles (execution). When the seeder (Fig. 2) is in working condition, then the second ends of, for example, hoses (two lines 3) are dressed on fittings welded to the inside of the fan housing (part of the pneumatic seeder system 1), fixed on them, for example, with clamps or other fasteners. The other ends of the hoses (two highways 3) are dressed on the nipples, are also fixed with fasteners, and the nipples are screwed into the switches 4, for which, for example, pneumatic valves can be used. The output of each switch 4 will be connected to a tee, on one end of which a hose can be put on (stand-alone channel 2) and secured with a clamp or other structural element, and a hose can be put on the second end of the tee (stand-alone pneumatic line 6). The tee can be located in the gap of the hose (autonomous pneumatic line 6). The second end of the hose (stand-alone channel 2) can be mounted on a rigid profile or can be located in place of mechanical markers currently in operation, or can be connected to the pipe. Options may be different. The second end of the hose (autonomous pneumatic line 6) is mounted on the fitting of the pneumatic cylinder 5. The pneumatic cylinders 5 can be located in place of the hydraulic cylinders currently in operation. Having prepared the equipment for work and checking its working condition, the tractor driver starts the tractor, turns the control knob of switch 4 (if it is, for example, a pneumatic distributor), connecting to the left a part of the air flow of the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 through line 3, switch 4 and autonomous pneumatic line 6 with one of autonomous channels 2 and at the same time air enters the pneumatic cylinder 5 (single-acting with spring return), lowering the rigid profile with the autonomous channel 2 fixed to it (to the extent that the pneumatic cylinder 5 is rigidly connected to the profile). At the same time, air with a certain pressure, passing through the autonomous channel 2, acts on the soil with its jet, leaving a groove on it. At this moment, the channel is blocked in the second switch 4, and air from the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 does not enter the second autonomous channel 2 and the pneumatic cylinder 5. After the tractor driver has sowed the first field strip to the end, he turns around in order to sow the next strip adjacent to the first. At this moment, he turns the control handle of the first switch 4 in the opposite direction, blocking the air supply from the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 through line 3, the switch 4 and the stand-alone pneumatic line 6 into the stand-alone channel 2 and the pneumatic cylinder 5. At the same time, the pneumatic cylinder 5 squeezes the air out , returning the piston rod from the cylinder cavity to its original position, which means it returns the rigid profile to its original position. Then the tractor driver rotates the control handle of the second switch 4, connecting part of the air flow with the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 through the highway 3, switch 4 and the autonomous pneumatic line 6 with the second autonomous channel 2. At the same time, air enters the second pneumatic cylinder 5 (single-acting with spring return), lowering the hard a profile with a second autonomous channel 2 fixed to it until it stops (due to the fact that the pneumatic cylinder 5 is rigidly connected to the profile). At the same time, air with a certain pressure, passing through the autonomous channel 2, acts on the soil with its jet, leaving a groove on it. At this moment, the channel is blocked in the first switch 4, and air from the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 does not enter the first autonomous channel 2 and the pneumatic cylinder 5. And then the cycle repeats.

The seeder (Fig. 2) has similar technical results as the seeder (Fig. 1), adding a decrease in the weight of the seeder and energy costs when sowing different crops due to the fact that: a part of the hydraulic system is excluded (since it mainly consists of metal tubes, filled with oil and has a large length due to the fact that the hydraulic cylinders are double-acting) and is replaced by lighter air hoses; hydraulic cylinders (working to lower and raise the marker devices) are replaced by pneumatic cylinders 5 (and with a smaller piston diameter); pneumatic cylinders weigh less than hydraulic cylinders (due to the lack of oil in them and they are single-acting); pneumatic cylinders 5 have a high speed compared to hydraulic cylinders. The use of pneumatic throttles (version 2 of the seeder (Fig. 2)) allows you to adjust the air flow rate, the speed of the pneumatic cylinders 5 and the smooth braking of the pistons of the pneumatic cylinders 5, which in turn increases the reliability of the pneumatic cylinders 5, and therefore the seeder. The remaining technical results are similar to those in option 2 (Fig. 2).

The seeder (Fig. 3) contains the pneumatic system of the seeder 1, two autonomous channels 2, line 3, switch 4, two pneumatic cylinders 5, two autonomous pneumatic lines 6. The embodiment contains pneumatic throttles. Technical results are achieved due to the fact that:

- marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels 2, each of which is connected to a corresponding autonomous pneumatic line 6, connecting the corresponding output of the switch 4 with the corresponding pneumatic cylinder 5, acting on the bearing part of the marker device for alternately raising and lowering, while the input of the switch 4 is connected by highways 3 with pneumatic seeder system 1;

- pneumatic cylinders 5 include pneumatic throttles (execution).

When the seeder (Fig. 3) is in working condition, the second end, for example, of the hose (line 3) is dressed on a fitting welded to the inside of the fan housing (part of the pneumatic system of the seeder 1), mounted on it, for example, with a clamp or other fixing element. The other end of the hose (line 3) is dressed on the fitting and also secured by a fastener, and the fitting is screwed into the switch 4, for which, for example, a pneumatic distributor can be used. The outputs of switch 4 will be connected to two tees, a hose (stand-alone channel 2) can be put on one end of each of them, a hose (stand-alone pneumatic line 6) can be put on the second end of each tee and secured with clamps or other structural elements. The tee can be located in the gap of the hose (autonomous pneumatic line 6). The second end of the hose (stand-alone channel 2) can be mounted on a rigid profile or can be located in place of mechanical markers currently in operation, or can be connected to the pipe. Options may be different. Each second end of the hose (autonomous pneumatic line 6) is mounted on the fitting of each pneumatic cylinder 5. The pneumatic cylinders 5 can be located in place of the hydraulic cylinders currently in operation. Having prepared the equipment for work, and having checked its working condition, the tractor driver starts the tractor, turns the control handle of switch 4 (if, for example, a pneumatic distributor) to the left, connecting part of the air flow of the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 through line 3, switch 4 and autonomous pneumatic line 6 with one from autonomous channels 2 and at the same time air enters the pneumatic cylinder 5 (single-acting with spring return), which, acting on the supporting part (rigid profile associated with the rod of the pneumatic cylinder 5) with replicated on it by an independent channel 2 lowers to the stop (due to the fact that the pneumatic cylinder 5 is rigidly connected to the profile) hard profile. At the same time, air with a certain pressure, passing through the autonomous channel 2, acts on the soil with its jet, leaving a groove on it. At this moment, the second channel in the switch 4 is closed, and the air from the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 does not enter the second autonomous channel 2 and the second pneumatic cylinder 5. After the tractor driver has sowed the first strip of the field to the end, he turns to plant the next strip adjacent to the first. At this moment, he turns the control handle of switch 4 in the opposite direction, blocking the air supply from the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 through line 3, switch 4 into the first autonomous pneumatic line 6, the first autonomous channel 2 and the first pneumatic cylinder 5. In this case, the first pneumatic cylinder 5 due to the return the air presses out the spring, returning the piston rod with the piston to its original position, which means it returns the rigid profile with the first autonomous channel 2 to its original position (lifts it). Simultaneously with the lifting of the rigid profile by the first pneumatic cylinder 5 with an autonomous channel 2, a part of the air flow of the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 is connected via line 3, switch 4 and the second autonomous pneumatic line 6 with the second autonomous channel 2. At the same time, air enters the second pneumatic cylinder 5 (single acting with spring return), lowering the rigid profile with the second autonomous channel 2 fixed on it, to the stop (due to the fact that the pneumatic cylinder 5 is rigidly connected to the profile). At the same time, air with a certain pressure, passing through the autonomous channel 2, acts on the soil with its jet, leaving a groove on it. And then the cycle repeats.

The seeder (Fig. 3) has similar technical results as the seeder (Fig. 2), but more significant due to the fact that with less weight (the absence of one switch 4, one highway 3) the same tasks are solved as in the seeder (Fig. 2). Therefore, the seeder (Fig. 3) has higher reliability and energy efficiency. The remaining technical results are similar to those in option 2 (Fig. 2) with its execution.

The seeder (Fig. 4) contains the pneumatic system of the seeder 1, two autonomous channels 2, two highways 3, two switches 4, two pneumatic cylinders 5, two autonomous pneumatic lines 6. The embodiment contains pneumatic throttles. Technical results are achieved due to the fact that:

- marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels 2, each of which is connected to the corresponding output of one of the switches 4, and the outputs of the other switch 4 are connected by two autonomous pneumatic lines 6 with the corresponding pneumatic cylinders acting on the bearing part of the marker devices for alternately raising and lowering, and the input of each switch 4 is connected by its line 3 to the pneumatic system of the seeder 1;

- pneumatic cylinders 5 include pneumatic throttles (execution).

When the seeder (Fig. 4) is in working condition, then the second ends of, for example, hoses (two lines 3) are dressed on fittings welded to the inside of the fan housing (part of the pneumatic system of the seeder 1), mounted on them, for example, with clamps or other fasteners. The other ends of the hoses (two highways 3) are dressed on the nipples, are also fixed with fasteners, and the nipples are screwed into the switches 4, for which, for example, pneumatic valves can be used. The outputs of the first switch 4 will be connected to the fittings screwed into them, which can be worn, for example, hoses (autonomous channels 2) and secured with clamps or other structural elements. The second ends of the hoses (autonomous channels 2) can be fixed on rigid profiles or can be located in place of mechanical markers currently in operation, or can be connected to the pipe. Options may be different. The outputs of the second switch 4 can be connected to the fittings screwed into them, which can be worn, for example, hoses (autonomous pneumatic lines 6) and secured with clamps or other structural elements. The second ends of the hoses (autonomous pneumatic lines 6) are fixed on the fittings of the pneumatic cylinders 5. The pneumatic cylinders 5 can be located in place of the hydraulic cylinders currently in operation. The switches 4 can be located both inside the tractor cab and outside. Everything will depend on the layout and design of switch 4.

Having prepared the equipment for work, and having checked its working condition, the tractor driver starts the tractor, rotates the control handle of the second and then the first switch 4. To this end, part of the air flow of the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 through both lines 3 enters both switches 4. From the second switch 4, through the first autonomous pneumatic line 6, air enters the first pneumatic cylinder 5 (single-acting with spring return). In parallel, from the first switch 4, the air enters the first autonomous channel 2. Thus, the first pneumatic cylinder 5 lowers the rigid profile with the independent channel 2 fixed to it (to the extent that the pneumatic cylinder 5 is rigidly connected to the profile). At the same time, air with a certain pressure, passing through the autonomous channel 2, acts on the soil with its jet, leaving a groove on it. After the tractor driver has sowed the first lane of the field to the end, he turns around in order to sow the next lane adjacent to the first. At this moment, he turns the control knobs of the second and first switches 4 in the opposite direction, blocking the air supply from the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 through lines 3, the switches 4 into the first autonomous pneumatic line 6, the first autonomous channel 2 and the first pneumatic cylinder 5. In this case, the first pneumatic cylinder 5 Due to the return spring, it squeezes air out of the cylinder cavity, returning the piston rod with the piston to its original position, which means that it also returns the rigid profile to its original position. In parallel, air from the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 through lines 3 from the first switch 4 enters the second autonomous channel 2, and from the second switch 4 enters through the second autonomous pneumatic line 6 into the second pneumatic cylinder 5. Thus, the second pneumatic cylinder 5 lowers the rigid profile with it fixed the second autonomous channel 2 to the stop (due to the fact that the pneumatic cylinder 5 is rigidly connected to the profile). At the same time, air with a certain pressure, passing through the autonomous channel 2, acts on the soil with its jet, leaving a groove on it. And then the cycle repeats.

The connections of the second ends of the lines 3 to the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 can be anywhere (depending on the design of the seeder), it can be the output part of the fan housing, or part of the sleeve extending from the fan, etc.

The seeder (Fig. 4) has similar technical results as the seeder (Fig. 2), adding more speed due to direct connections of switches 4 with autonomous channels 2 and autonomous pneumatic lines 6, which means higher energy efficiency. The remaining technical results are similar to those in option 2 (Fig. 2) with its execution.

The seeder (Fig. 5) contains a switch 4, two pneumatic cylinders 5, two autonomous pneumatic lines 6, a compressor 7, a pneumatic line 8. Options include: pneumatic throttles; the second compressor 7, the control system, the second pneumatic line 8. Technical results are achieved due to the fact that:

- marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels 2, each of which is connected to a corresponding autonomous pneumatic line 6, connecting the corresponding output of the switch 4 with the corresponding pneumatic cylinder 5, acting on the bearing part of the marker device for alternately raising and lowering, while the input of the switch 4 is connected by pneumatic lines 8 with compressor 7;

- pneumatic cylinders 5 include pneumatic throttles (execution);

- contains a second compressor 7, the output of which is connected to the inputs of two pneumatic lines 8, and a control system for alternately turning on the compressors 7 (execution).

The operating state of the seeder (Fig. 5), as well as its operation is similar to the working state and operation of the seeder (Fig. 3), the difference is that the role of the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 is performed by the compressor 7. The technical result of the seeder (Fig. 5) is similar the one that is obtained from the seeder (Fig. 3), adding high reliability and energy efficiency. The use of the second compressor 7, the second pneumatic line 8, the control system allowing to turn on the compressors 7 (the second embodiment of seeder variant 5 (Fig. 5)), provides higher reliability of the seeder (Fig. 5). The remaining technical results are similar to those in option 3 (Fig. 3) with its execution.

The seeder (Fig. 6) contains two autonomous channels 2, two switches 4, two pneumatic cylinders 5, two autonomous pneumatic lines 6, a compressor 7, two pneumatic lines 8. The versions may include pneumatic throttles; control system, second compressor 7. Technical results are achieved due to the fact that:

- marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels 2, each of which is connected to the corresponding autonomous pneumatic line 6, connecting the output of the corresponding switch 4 with the corresponding pneumatic cylinder 5, acting on the bearing part of the marker device for alternately raising and lowering, while the input of each switch 4 by its pneumatic line 8 is connected to the output of the compressor 7;

- pneumatic cylinders 5 include pneumatic throttles (execution);

- contains a second compressor 7, the output of which is connected to the inputs of two pneumatic lines 8, and a control system for alternately turning on the compressors 7 (execution). The operating state of the seeder (Fig. 6), as well as its operation is similar to the working state and operation of the seeder (Fig. 2), the difference is that the role of the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 is performed by the compressor 7. The technical result of the seeder (Fig. 5) similar to that obtained with the seeder (Fig. 2), however, it allows you to get the maximum energy efficiency, which is achieved due to the fact that you can fit the compressor 7, which creates sufficient pressure to operate the pneumatic cylinders 5 and the formation of the grooves autonomous channels 2, at that time as M The fan is optimal and does not allow the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 to be used as a source of air pressure. The use of a compressor 7, instead of the pneumatic system of the seeder 1, and even more so of the second compressor 7, a control system that allows to turn on the compressors 7 in turn (the second version of seeder version 6 (Fig. 6)) provides higher reliability of the seeder (Fig. 6). The remaining technical results are similar to those in option 2 (Fig. 2) with its execution.

The seeder (Fig. 7) includes the pneumatic system of the seeder 1, two autonomous channels 2, two highways 3, two switches 4. Technical results are achieved due to the fact that:

- marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels 2 connected to the outputs of the switches 4, the inputs of which are connected via highways 3 with the pneumatic system of the seeder 1.

When the seeder (Fig. 7) is in working condition, then the second ends of, for example, hoses (lines 3) are dressed on nipples or branch pipes or sleeves (connected to the pneumatic system of the seeder 1), fixed on them, for example, with clamps or other fasteners. The other ends of the hoses (lines 3) are dressed on the nipples, are also fixed by fasteners, and the nipples are screwed into the switches 4, which, for example, pneumatic valves can be used. Each working output of the switch 4 will be connected to a fitting on which, for example, a hose (stand-alone channel 2) can be fitted and secured with a clamp or other structural element. The second ends of these hoses (autonomous channels 2) can be fixed in a retractable rigid profile or can be located on the site of mechanical markers that are currently in operation, or can be connected to the pipe. Options may be different. Having prepared the equipment for work, and checking its working condition, the tractor driver starts the tractor, turns the control handle of the first switch 4 to the left, connecting part of the air flow of the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 through line 3, through switch 4 with the first autonomous channel 2. At the same time, air with a certain pressure passing through the first autonomous channel 2, it affects the soil with its jet, leaving a groove on it. At this time, the second switch 4 is closed and part of the air flow by the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 through the line 3 does not enter the second autonomous channel 2.

After the tractor driver has sowed the first lane of the field to the end, he turns the control handle of the first switch 4 to its original position (blocking air access to the first autonomous channel 2), then turns to sow the next lane adjacent to the first. At this moment, he turns the control knob of the second switch 4 to the left, connecting part of the air flow of the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 through the highway 3 with the second autonomous channel 2. At the same time, air passing through the second autonomous channel 2 affects the soil with its jet, leaving a groove on it . And then the cycle repeats. The connections of the second end of line 3 to the pneumatic system of the seeder 1 can be anywhere (depending on the design of the seeder), it can be the output part of the fan housing, or part of the sleeve extending from the fan, etc.

The seeder (Fig. 7) has greater reliability compared to the seeder (Fig. 1) (since if one switch 4 fails, it is possible to quickly disconnect the stand-alone channel 2 from the inoperative switch 4 in the field and connect it to the working switch 4 by drowning the trunk 3 associated with the inoperative switch 4). The remaining technical results are similar to those in option 1 (Fig. 1).

Claims (14)

1. A seeder, including devices for transporting, feeding and seeding seeds, a pneumatic system, bearing elements with marker devices attached to them, characterized in that the marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels connected to the outputs of the switch, the input of which is connected via a line to pneumatic seeder system. 2. A seeder, including devices for transporting, feeding and seeding seeds, a pneumatic system, bearing elements with marker devices fixed to them, characterized in that the marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels, each of which is connected to a corresponding autonomous pneumatic line connecting the output the corresponding switch with the corresponding pneumatic cylinder acting on the bearing part of the marker device for alternately raising and lowering, while the input of each switch is medium Through its main line it is connected to the pneumatic system of the seeder. 3. The seeder according to claim 2, characterized in that the pneumatic cylinders include pneumatic throttles. 4. A seeder, including devices for transporting, feeding and sowing seeds, a pneumatic system, bearing elements with marker devices fixed to them, characterized in that the marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels, each of which is connected to a corresponding autonomous pneumatic line connecting the corresponding the output of the switch with the corresponding pneumatic cylinder acting on the bearing part of the marker device for alternately raising and lowering, while the input of the switch is connected to the middle Highway with pneumatic seeder system. 5. The seeder according to claim 4, characterized in that the pneumatic cylinders include pneumatic throttles. 6. A seeder, including devices for transporting, feeding and seeding seeds, a pneumatic system, bearing elements with marker devices attached to them, characterized in that the marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels, each of which is connected to the corresponding output of one of the switches, moreover, the outputs of the other switch are connected by two autonomous pneumatic lines with the corresponding pneumatic cylinders acting on the bearing part of the marker devices for alternately raising and lowering, and in the course of each switch is connected by its trunk to the pneumatic system of the seeder. 7. The seeder according to claim 6, characterized in that the pneumatic cylinders include pneumatic throttles. 8. A seeder, including devices for transporting, feeding and sowing seeds, a pneumatic system, bearing elements with marker devices attached to them, characterized in that the marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels, each of which is connected to a corresponding autonomous pneumatic line connecting the corresponding the output of the switch with the corresponding pneumatic cylinder acting on the bearing part of the marker device for alternately raising and lowering, while the input of the switch is connected to the middle pneumatic lines with compressor. 9. A seeder according to claim 8, characterized in that the pneumatic cylinders include pneumatic throttles. 10. The seeder according to claim 8, characterized in that it contains a second compressor, the output of which is connected to the inputs of two pneumatic lines, and a control system for alternately turning on the compressors. 11. A seeder, including devices for transporting, feeding and seeding seeds, a pneumatic system, bearing elements with marker devices fixed to them, characterized in that the marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels, each of which is connected to a corresponding autonomous pneumatic line connecting the output the corresponding switch with the corresponding pneumatic cylinder acting on the bearing part of the marker device for alternately raising and lowering, while the input of each switch is medium dstvom its pneumatic line connected to the outlet of the compressor. 12. The seeder according to claim 11, characterized in that the pneumatic cylinders include pneumatic throttles. 13. The seeder according to claim 11, characterized in that it comprises a second compressor, the output of which is connected to the inputs of two pneumatic lines, and a control system for alternately turning on the compressors. 14. A seeder, including devices for transporting, feeding and seeding seeds, a pneumatic system, bearing elements with marker devices attached to them, characterized in that the marker devices are made in the form of two autonomous channels connected to the outputs of the switches, the inputs of which are connected via highways to pneumatic seeder system.

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