RU136527U1 - STATIONARY DEVICE FOR DIAGNOSIS AND DETECTION OF LOCATIONS OF OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS IN THE PIPELINE - Google Patents

Abstract

A stationary device for diagnosing and detecting the place of leakage of oil and oil products in the pipeline, characterized in that under the pipeline in two lines at a fixed distance and parallel to each other, conductors are made of corrosion-resistant conductive material, connected at both ends by communication lines with an ohmmeter and a personal computer, moreover, on these lines of conductors through equal distances opposite each other insulators are installed.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for diagnosing objects of transportation and storage of oil and oil products and can be used in the petrochemical and oil production sectors of oil products.

The proposed utility model is most applicable when transporting oil and oil products in underground process pipelines.

Pollution of the lithosphere and hydrosphere occur as a result of fuel leaks from pipelines and tanks and other reasons.

If a spill of fuel from an onshore pipeline can be detected visually, then a leak of oil and oil products from an underground pipeline can only be determined by complex diagnostic methods.

These methods include: visual and measuring control, ultrasonic and acoustic emission control, magnetometric and capillary control and other types of diagnostics [1]. Hydraulic and pneumatic tests for strength and density are also carried out.

Many of these methods are associated with the release of pipelines from fuel, with the opening and excavation of soil in separate areas, with subsequent removal of insulation, with the measurement of wall thickness, with the control of welded joints.

By the timing of the following types of diagnostics are established: primary, next and extraordinary.

Initial diagnosis is carried out no later than 2 years after the commissioning of the pipeline. The next diagnosis is carried out with a frequency of not more than 1 time in 8 years. Extraordinary diagnostics are carried out in the event of an incident or accident, during commissioning of an object that has not been operated for more than 3 years, and also after 30 years from the date of commissioning of technological pipelines [1, 2].

During operation, the walls of the pipeline are subjected to various types of corrosion, which are associated with the presence of sulfur and other aggressive compounds in oil and oil products, as well as water in the pipeline and in the ground.

Combating fuel losses from leaks in pipelines is becoming an important environmental and economic challenge.

Known patent for utility model No. 114674 dated 04/10/2012, “Vertical vertical tank with a double bottom, equipped with a vapor recovery unit and a device for diagnosing the bottom” of the authors Yu.A. Matveeva, S.G. Novikova, I.O. Zolotovsky

In order to diagnose the internal bottom, equipped with a fiber-optic distributed pressure sensor, a sound source is lowered into the oil tank using a cable, which is connected to the amplifier via communication lines and a personal computer.

The fiber-optic distributed pressure sensor is connected to an optical reflectometer and a personal computer, which can record mechanical changes along the length of the cable. Each cable section, depending on the mounting configuration, corresponds to a section of the tank bottom.

Waves created in the tank by a sound source propagate in a liquid medium (fuel) and a solid medium (bottom). The intensity of the transmitted sound waves will depend on the thickness of the liquid and solid media. When the transmitted sound wave interacts with a fiber-optic distributed pressure sensor, the latter causes mechanical stresses distributed along the length. Evaluation of the stress intensity using recording equipment allows you to observe the picture of the distribution of the thickness of the inner bottom and to evaluate the set hazard level of the breakthrough and potential fuel leak.

The disadvantage of this diagnostic method is that it is used only for tanks.

Also known is a patent for invention No. 2398157 dated 08/27/2010 of the year "Method for the detection of leaks of oil or oil products from a pipeline" by Sh.I. Razmatullina, A.G. Gumerova, D.P. Kim, N.P. Zakharova, V.G. Karamysheva.

This method of hydraulic location of fluid leaks from a linear section of a pipeline involves detecting fluid leaks from a pipeline — by changes in the fluid flow rate and the hydraulic slope of the pipeline by graphical construction or analytical calculation. In this method, the controlled linear section of the pipeline, not equipped with a flowmeter system, is divided into two adjacent segments and using pressure sensors located at the ends of each of them, friction pressure losses are measured (hydraulic slopes of each segment), which determine the mass flow rate of the liquid on each segment G _1-2 (i _1-2 ), G _2-3 (i _2-3 ) and periodically control the value of the mass flow unbalance.

The unbalance threshold value is determined based on the use and analysis of a database characterizing the pumping parameters (pressure, temperature, density, fluid viscosity) during the period preceding an emergency (leak), using a statistical methodology.

The disadvantages of this method when diagnosing pipelines are:

1. The low efficiency of the method with small leaks of fuel from the pipeline.

2. The complexity of the determination and the large time required for calculations.

3. Application of the method for sections of the pipeline of small length.

A patent for utility model No. 57915 dated October 27, 2006, “A device for locating leaks of gas and oil products from a pipeline for the continuous determination of hydrocarbon content in soil air, water and snow,” authors E. M. Kutuzova, V.V. Gorina.

The device comprises a vehicle, a mechanism for opening the soil layer, a mechanism for sampling gas from under the soil layer, made in the form of a gas intake, a pump with a filter, a device for detecting the presence of gas, the input of which is connected to the output of the pump with a filter, and the output to a receiving device with indicator, a unit for determining the coordinates of the vehicle’s location, route-finding equipment and a drilling rig. In this case, the mechanism for opening the soil layer is additionally equipped with a knife and a rope with an adjusting screw, and the gas detection device is made of a universal leak detector-chromatograph equipped with a built-in microcomputer with a memory of over 100 chromatograms and with the possibility of determining component and percentage hydrocarbon gas content.

A device for locating leaks of gas and oil products from a pipeline for continuous determination of hydrocarbon content in soil air, water and snow is equipped with a low-capacity water pump and a continuous ultrasonic degasser connected in series, and the output of the ultrasonic degasser is connected to the input of the chromatograph.

The disadvantages of this device when diagnosing pipelines are:

1. Low efficiency of detecting fuel leaks from pipelines.

2. A long time to determine the leakage of oil from the pipeline, as well as their location.

3. The high cost of the device associated with the maintenance of the vehicle, people and complex expensive mechanisms.

4. The low speed of the vehicle in off-road conditions.

Also known is a patent for an invention No. 2453760 dated June 20, 2012. "Method for diagnosing the technical condition of underground pipelines (options)" by V.V. Averkieva I.K. Antonova, A.A. Eliseeva, V.V. Nesterova, V.V. Semenova, O.V. Fillipova, A.D. Vogel.

This method includes measuring the induction of a constant magnetic field above the pipeline when moving the three-component field sensors along the pipeline and compiling a matrix of differences in the magnitude of the induction of a constant magnetic field. At the same time, the induction of a constant magnetic field is measured at least six points in space above the pipeline and at least nine differences in the magnitude of the induction of a constant magnetic field at the same points are measured. Additionally, an alternating magnetic and an alternating electric field is excited in the pipeline zone, and simultaneously with induction of a constant magnetic field, at least two components of the induction vector of an alternating magnetic field are measured at each of the three points of space above the pipeline, located along the horizontal or vertical axis and coinciding with the measurement points of the constant magnetic field, and at least two components of the vector of the intensity of the alternating electric field, and the sensors of a constant magnetic field, trans a variable magnetic field and an alternating electric field are combined in one construct. Next, preliminary statistical processing of the measurement results is carried out, sections of the pipeline are selected for the subsequent processing according to the set of signs, the location and magnetic moments of the sources of anomalies of constant and alternating magnetic fields and the parameters of the pipeline insulation disturbances are determined, and the data on the technical state of the pipeline are identified and ranked.

Also, when moving field sensors along the pipeline, the distance from the sensors to the projection of the pipeline axis on the day surface is additionally measured, the magnitude and direction of the sensors removal from the projection of the pipeline axis are indicated, on the basis of which the operator adjusts the movement path along the pipeline, and when diagnosing, identifying and ranking anomalies the distance from the sensors to the axis of the pipeline and amend the values of the field components and their differences.

Additionally, the rotation angles of the field sensors around the horizontal and vertical axes are determined, a matrix of corrections is obtained, and introduced into the matrices of the field components and their differences.

The disadvantages of this method when diagnosing pipelines are:

1. Low efficiency of detecting fuel leaks from pipelines.

2. The need to move the sensors over the pipeline, which will cause large time and human costs. Inability to detect fuel leaks in a continuous mode for a short period of time.

3. The complexity of the determination and the high cost of the method.

4. The purpose of the method is mainly to detect violations of the insulation of the pipeline and for use when working with land pipelines.

Closest to this problem is the application for invention No. 95106872 of 04/20/1997, "Device for detecting a leak of petroleum products in the pipeline" authors V.P. Dobrovolskova, V.I. Kabanova, V.D. Kostrikina, A.P. Belkina, V.N. Laricheva, E.I. Alatortseva, O.V. Molchanova.

The device is designed to detect the place of damage, accompanied by a leak of oil products. At the same time, the task of simplifying the design, increasing the reliability and fire and explosion safety of the device when detecting the leak of oil products from the pipeline is solved. The invention consists in the following. The cable and conductor are made of fiber optic fibers laid outside the pipeline in two lines of the same length at a calculated distance from each other. The cable and conductor are connected at the end of the pipeline to the measuring unit of the leak. On both lines of the optical fibers, the polymer cladding is removed at certain distances, and the sections with the removed cladding are opposite each other in the housing with holes, while on one of the lines, the beginning of which is optically coupled to a radiation source electrically connected through the divider to the output of the launch unit , the sections of the fiber optic fiber with the removed sheath are covered with a polymer film, and the beginning of another line is optically coupled to a photodetector electrically connected to the measuring unit, Torah input coupled to one of the splitter outputs.

The disadvantages of this device are:

1. The presence in the design of a large number of additional buildings with holes located over small distances, which significantly increases the cost and metal consumption of the device.

2. Insufficient accuracy of determining the place of leakage from the pipeline. Resolution is determined by the frequency of the sensors.

3. The technical complexity of determining the location of the leak. The device consists of complex and expensive elements.

The proposed utility model allows us to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of determining the leakage of oil and oil products from pipelines and conducting timely repairs. At the same time, the accuracy of determining the place of leakage is significantly increased, the design is simplified and cheaper, as well as constant monitoring of the presence of leaks from the pipeline.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that under the pipeline in two lines at a fixed distance and parallel to each other are laid conductors of corrosion-resistant conductive material, connected at both ends by communication lines with an ohmmeter and a personal computer, and on these lines of conductors, at equal distances opposite each other, are installed insulators.

These signs are essential for solving the utility model problem, since fuel leaks from the pipeline are detected and prevented in a timely manner, the accuracy of determining the leak location is increased, and the reliability of the operation of the pipeline is increased.

The stationary device includes: two lines of conductors of corrosion-resistant conductive material with insulators, communication lines, two ohmmeters and a personal computer. Conductors are made of nickel plated copper. Insulators are PVC coated. Lines of conductors with insulators are laid in a layer of soil in parallel at a distance of 10-15 centimeters from each other. Insulators on the lines of conductors are installed at equal distances opposite each other. Ohmmeters are installed at the ends of the conductor lines and connected to a personal computer.

When the device is in operation, resistances are constantly measured between the conductors of different lines, the change in the values of which determines the presence of a leak of oil and oil products from the pipeline, and its exact location.

In this case, at the initial moment, the resistance of the “dry” lines is measured, which in the presence of leaks will decrease, and the value of the resistance during leakage will determine the place of leakage from the pipeline. “Dry” lines are understood as two lines of conductors with insulators, which are laid in a layer of ground soil not moistened with oil or oil product.

The technical result is achieved by measuring the resistance between the lines of conductors with insulators using communication lines, ohmmeters and a personal computer. A change in the value of the resistances compared with the values of the resistances between the lines of conductors with insulators in the ground not moistened with oil or oil indicates a leak in the pipeline. It should be noted that the soil can be wetted not only with oil and oil product, but also with water. The resistance values of the lines of conductors in the soil moistened with water or oil (oil) are significantly different from each other. Therefore, the operator will only respond to a decrease in resistance values associated with a fuel leak.

The specific leak location is calculated using the formulas below.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings (figure 1, figure 2), which depict: a functional diagram of a device for detecting leaks and a frontal section of a pipeline with conductors.

Under the proposed pipeline 1 (Fig. 1), having welds 2, a fuel meter 3, a pressure gauge 4, a valve 5, insulation 6, in a layer of soil 7, at a fixed distance, conductors 8 with insulators 9 are laid in parallel in two lines (Fig. .2). The conductors by communication lines 10 are connected to ohmmeters 11, which are also connected by communication lines 10 to a personal computer 12. A fuel meter, an ohmmeter and a valve are located in the technological well 13.

The utility model works as follows. Oil product 14 is pumped through a pipeline 1.

In order to constantly diagnose the presence of leaks under the pipeline 1 using communication lines 10, ohmmeters 11, measurements of the resistance between the conductors 8 with insulators 9 of different lines that are output to the computer 12.

In the event of an oil product leak from pipeline 1, the values of the measured resistances begin to decrease and go beyond the established interval.

In this case, the resistance measured by the first ohmmeter is

where R _l1 is the resistance of the conductor from the initial section of the conductors to the place of strait from the pipeline, Ohm;

R _np is the fixed resistance of the strait for a given type of fuel and the position of the conductors, Ohm.

The resistance measured by the second ohmmeter is

where R _l2 is the resistance of the conductor from the final section of the conductors to the strait from the pipeline, Ohm;

The distance from the initial section of the conductors to the place of leakage of oil or oil is determined by the formula

where s is the cross section of the conductors, m ² ;

ρ is the density of the conductor, kg / m ³

The distance from the final section of conductors to the place of leakage of oil or oil is determined by the formula

The total length of the pipeline is the sum of the lengths of sections l ₁ and l ₂ .

Estimation of the resistance values between the conductors of different lines located in the ground parallel to each other using ohmmeters and a computer allows us to determine not only the presence of oil and oil products from the pipeline, but also to identify the specific leak location in order to effectively repair the pipeline.

Literature

1. PB 03-585-03. Rules for the design and safe operation of process pipelines.

2. RD-23.040.00-KTN-387-07. Diagnostics of technological oil pipelines of NPS.

Claims (1)

A stationary device for diagnosing and detecting the place of leakage of oil and oil products in the pipeline, characterized in that under the pipeline in two lines at a fixed distance and parallel to each other, conductors are made of corrosion-resistant conductive material, connected at both ends by communication lines with an ohmmeter and a personal computer, moreover, on these lines of conductors through equal distances opposite each other insulators are installed.

Images