RU131746U1 - PROTECTIVE DESIGN AT KARST FORMATION IN SOIL - Google Patents

Abstract

A protective structure during karst formation in the soil, containing a reinforcing system in the form of a spatial structure including a polymer composition and associated with deviated wells, characterized in that the spatial structure consists of lower and upper horizontal layers with a polymer-mineral mixture and a groundwater flow channel located between lower and upper horizontal layers and ensuring the preservation of the natural hydrogeological regime, the lower layer, which performs the function of isolating-stabilizing layer, located within the boundaries of the collapse prism and placed on the border of the transition zone of the geological horizon, subject to karst formation, the upper layer, which serves as the supporting layer, is equal in width to the lower layer and is located above the upper boundary of groundwater, while the lower insulating-stabilizing and upper the bearing layers are associated with an additional vertical well made to control the polymer-mineral mixture in them.

Description

The utility model relates to the mining industry and can be used to restore and increase the strength of soils in the karst zone during the construction and operation of roads and railways.

A known design to eliminate abysses in the subgrade of operating roads and railways on seasonally freezing soils, containing a vertical screen and a horizontal screen at a depth corresponding to the depth of the maximum seasonal freezing of soils with fragments of transformed soil staggered and containing composite materials, RU No. 2471928 C1, E02D 3/12, 01/10/2013.

Known artificial reinforced base for a constructed or reconstructed building, which is a soil-cement reinforced array including non-removable metal injectors arranged in a checkerboard pattern in several rows, including a barrier row made along the perimeter of the artificial base, and injection cement mortar, RU No. 121274, was introduced into the injectors U1, E02D 3/12, 10.20.2012.

A well-known grouting composition designed for plugging cavernous cavities and absorbing layers of wells, for fastening intervals prone to dumping and used in the oil, gas and mining and geological industries (in the construction of air curtains) when drilling wells for oil, water, gas, geological exploration wells for solid minerals, as well as engineering wells, containing, wt.%: clay powder 20-65, polymer water-absorbing 0.5-65 and vegetable, synthetic or mineral oil about 34-60, RU No. 2285713 C1, C09K 8/467, C09K 8/24, C09K 8/502, 10.20.2006.

Known methods for restoring and increasing the strength of soils: pumping a solution through a drill string or plugging porous rocks using resins, or plugging using tampons filled with dry cement (cement, gypsum, clay powder, etc.), mining-enc.ru/ t / tamponirovanie /

Known methods, designs and composition of the grouting material are individual in use.

A known method of strengthening weak soils of the base of the subgrade, forming a structure containing a reinforcing system in the form of a spatial structure including a polymer composition and associated with deviated wells, RU No. 2474651 C2, E02D 3/12, 02/10/2013.

This technical solution was adopted as the closest analogue of this utility model.

In the closest analogue, the structure obtained by the implementation of the known method is made in the form of a spatial lattice structure of soil, bound by a polymer composition. The polymer composition injected into the soil forms a gel at the first stage, then at low temperatures the gel is transformed into a cryogel with high strength, water resistance, elasticity and good adhesion to the rock.

Obtaining a structure in the form of a spatial lattice structure from soil in the closest analogue is carried out when the polymer composition is injected into the soil material of the subgrade base from two sides through wells drilled obliquely and forming a support system in the form of spatial lattices: right and left.

The right and left lattices are connected in the middle part of the base of the subgrade. Such a connection of the gratings into an elastic spatial structure makes it possible to significantly increase the overall strength of the system, allows you to perceive dynamic loads and eliminates uneven settlement of the roadway, preventing its creep.

However, in the closest analogue, the technological process of injecting the polymer composition and obtaining a lattice structure is complicated, in addition, the right and left flat lattices are interconnected at a depth of 3 meters (in the experiment), the technology for creating a protective structure in the zone of karst manifestations is not provided for in it .

The present utility model is based on the solution of a problem that allows improving technical and operational qualities, simplifying the design, expanding its functionality, and increasing the strength properties of the soil.

The technical result of this utility model is to create a design that provides: deceleration, further conservation, stopping the karst formation process at the achieved level, creating gas and water impermeability of the soil in the karst zone, maintaining the natural hydrogeological regime, due to the construction of two horizontal layers: the lower insulating and stabilizing and the upper bearing, containing the polymer-mineral mixture, with a channel for the flow of groundwater between them.

According to the utility model, this problem is solved due to the fact that the protective structure during karst formation in the soil contains a reinforcing system in the form of a spatial structure including a polymer composition and associated with deviated wells.

The spatial structure consists of the lower and upper horizontal layers with a polymer-mineral mixture and a groundwater flow channel located between the lower and upper horizontal layers and ensuring the preservation of the natural hydrogeological regime.

The lower layer, which performs the function of an insulating-stabilizing layer, is located within the boundaries of the collapse prism and is located on the border of the transition zone of the geological horizon prone to karst formation.

The upper layer, which serves as the supporting layer, is equal in width to the lower layer and is located above the upper boundary of the groundwater.

The lower insulating-stabilizing and upper bearing layers are associated with an additional vertical well, made to control the polymer-mineral mixture in them.

The applicant has not identified sources containing information about the technical solution that is identical to the characteristics given in the formula of this utility model, this determines, according to the applicant, the utility model meets the criterion of “novelty”.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

Figure 1 Zone of karst manifestations, schematically.

Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the protective structure.

Figure 3 Technological scheme for obtaining a protective structure, stage 1.

Figure 4 Technological scheme for obtaining a protective structure, step 2.

Figure 5 Technological scheme for obtaining a protective structure, step 3.

Figure 1 - figure 5 presents:

Zone of karst manifestations - 1,

the boundary of the transition zone of the geological horizon (zone 1) - 2,

the upper limit of groundwater (zone 1) is 3.

Prism of collapse (zone 1) - 4.

The spatial structure (for zone 1) is 5.

The lower insulating and stabilizing layer (structures 5 at the boundary 2) is 6.

The bearing layer (structure 5 at the border 3) - 7.

Groundwater flow channel (between layers 6 and 7) - 8.

Drilling rig - 9.

An inclined well (for layer 6) - 10.

An inclined well (for layer 7) - 11.

Control vertical well (for layers 6 and 7) - 12.

The protective structure during karst formation in the soil contains a reinforcing system in the form of a spatial structure 5.

The spatial structure 5 consists of the lower 6 and upper 7 horizontal layers with a polymer-mineral mixture.

Between the lower 6 and upper 7 horizontal layers there is a channel for the overflow of 8 groundwater to maintain the natural hydrogeological regime (figure 2).

The lower 6 insulating and stabilizing layer is located within the boundaries of the collapse prism (figure 2) and is located on the border of the transition zone of the geological horizon 2 prone to karst formation (figure 1). The lower 6 insulating and stabilizing layer is paired with an inclined well 10 (Fig.3).

The upper 7 supporting layer is equal to the lower 6 insulating-stabilizing layer (figure 2) and is placed above the upper boundary of the groundwater 3 (figure 1). The upper 7 bearing layer is paired with an inclined well 11 (figure 4).

The lower 6 insulating and stabilizing and the upper 7 bearing layers are associated with an additional vertical well 12 (figure 5), made to control the polymer-mineral mixture in them.

Obtaining a protective structure is as follows.

To obtain the lower isolating-stabilizing 6 and upper bearing 7 words, sequentially deviated wells 10 and 11 are drilled using the drilling rig 9 and the polymer-mineral mixture is injected.

Depending on the location of the zones of karst occurrences, drilling can be carried out with an inclination angle in the range from 0 to 90 degrees.

First, an inclined well 10 is drilled to the border of the transition zone of the geological horizon 2 subject to karst formation, a polymer-mineral mixture is pumped with a capacity of 2 to 10 meters until the formation of the lower insulating-stabilizing layer 6 (Fig. 3).

The lower insulating and stabilizing layer 6 creates a gas-tight and hydro-impermeable cover that impedes the development of leaching and diffusion processes. The polymer-mineral mixture is injected into the upper layers of carbonate and gypsum-containing rocks subjected to destruction, confined to the zone of intense tectonic disturbances, and the previous weathering of rocks, in order to isolate access to the karst cavity of the influx of fresh water.

Then, an inclined well 11 is drilled for contact with the upper boundary of the groundwater 3, a polymer-mineral mixture is pumped with a capacity of 2 to 5 meters until the formation of the upper bearing layer 7 (Fig. 4).

Then drill a control vertical well 12 before contact with the upper bearing 7 and the lower insulating-stabilizing 6 layers, carry out the lifting of the core from each layer 7 and 6 to check the control of the polymer-mineral mixture (figure 5).

Upon contact with groundwater, the polymer-mineral mixture, absorbing part of the water, increases in volume and is structured. This creates a dense polymer-mineral layer (mixture + water + sand or other filler), which lies in the interval of injection of the polymer-mineral mixture, providing an increase in the strength properties of the soil, both in the injection interval and higher, up to the day surface.

Between the upper bearing 7 and the lower insulating-stabilizing 6 layers in the rock mass, a channel for the flow of groundwater 8 from the catchment area to the discharge region is formed, preserving the natural hydrogeological regime in the thickness of the water-bearing rocks of the karst zone 1.

The implementation of the lower and upper horizontal layers with a polymer-mineral mixture can increase the strength properties of the soil.

The implementation of the lower and upper horizontal layers (when paired with deviated wells and an additional vertical well) provides improved technical qualities.

The formation of a groundwater overflow channel between the lower and upper horizontal layers, which ensures the preservation of the natural hydrogeological regime, makes it possible to increase operational qualities and simplify the design.

The use of the lower layer as an insulating-stabilizing layer and the upper - supporting layer extends the functionality of the structure.

The location of the lower layer at the border of the transition zone of the geological horizon and the upper layer above the upper boundary of groundwater increases the technical and operational qualities.

The proposed protective design used equipment that is widely used in the mining industry, and the research and experimental work performed determine, in the applicant’s opinion, that its criterion is “industrial applicability”.

Claims (1)

A protective structure during karst formation in the soil, containing a reinforcing system in the form of a spatial structure including a polymer composition and associated with deviated wells, characterized in that the spatial structure consists of lower and upper horizontal layers with a polymer-mineral mixture and a groundwater flow channel located between lower and upper horizontal layers and ensuring the preservation of the natural hydrogeological regime, the lower layer, which performs the function of isolating-stabilizing layer, located within the boundaries of the collapse prism and placed on the border of the transition zone of the geological horizon, subject to karst formation, the upper layer, which serves as the supporting layer, is equal in width to the lower layer and is located above the upper boundary of groundwater, while the lower insulating-stabilizing and upper the bearing layers are associated with an additional vertical well made to control the polymer-mineral mixture in them.

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