RU128940U1 - COMPLEX FOR GRINDING RADIOACTIVE LONG-DIMENSIONAL ELEMENTS AND LAYING THEIR FRAGMENTS IN CONTAINERS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A complex for crushing long radioactive elements and placing them in containers, characterized by the presence of a protective chamber built into the wall separating the working room from the aggregate hall, and including modules for supplying and decontaminating radioactive elements and its actual working area, which has windows with movable closing them gates, placed in it vertically aligned grinding modules and containers for crushed fragments, installed on the platforms of four-position revolving-type mechanisms with a rotation drive, while in the aggregate hall at the upper level of the protective chamber, the specified revolving-type mechanism is installed, feeding the module into its working area crushing of radioactive elements, and another of the same type of revolving mechanism is mounted in the working room at the lower level of the chamber and is intended for feeding empty and removing loaded containers into it, and for moving empty and loaded containers and modules The complex is equipped with a crane of increased lifting capacity with an automated gripper, a manipulator for removing and installing container lids with a gripper, and their control system is combined into a common system of semi-automatic control of the structural actuators of the entire complex. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective chamber is equipped with an automatic decontamination system and a liquid discharge into a special sewer. The complex according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the equipment is located in the aggregate room

Description

The utility model relates to the field of nuclear technology and can be used at nuclear power plants or enterprises for the disposal of spent long radioactive elements of nuclear reactors and packing their fragments in protective containers.

At present, in the reactor halls of nuclear power plants there are complexes for grinding long-range radioactive elements, however, they cannot grind long-lengths with a high level of radiation, including protection control rods, as well as additional cluster absorbers, which, when cut, form a large amount of radioactive powder spills and the finest dust. At the same time, replacing the working tools of grinding mechanisms is difficult due to the high levels of environmental radioactivity.

So known is the complex for cutting technological channels of uranium-graphite nuclear reactors into fragments, which contains a vertical pipe path mounted in the shaft of the reactor hall, coupled with a channel cutting device and a turntable with containers located under it. The complex is also characterized by the fact that it is equipped with a mechanism for removing graphite bushings located above the cutting device and a horizontally movable drive mill located below the same cutting device. Moreover, the mechanism for removing graphite bushings is made in the form of drive rotary cams attached to the tract and installed in its walls, and the tract pipe in the interface zone with the cutting device is made telescopic and equipped with a mechanism for its vertical movement (see RF Patent for the invention No. 2079908 G21C 16 / 26, published May 20, 1997 Bul. No. 14).

This complex is intended, firstly, for a different purpose, namely for fragmentation into separate parts of technological channels, which include various radiation safety groups and their distribution into separate containers. And secondly, when cutting such channels with a milling cutter, powder spills and fine dust are also formed in large numbers, which, spreading into the environment, lead to unwanted irradiation of service personnel when changing tools and transporting containers in the high radiation zone.

A unit for grinding long radioactive elements is also known, which contains a support-rotary protective wall, a rotation reducer, a hydraulic drive, a hydraulic station and a loading funnel installed in the chamber for orientation of these elements, a discharge channel for ground elements, a cutting mechanism with a knife block, and a cutting mechanism and the hydraulic actuator are rigidly fixed in the pivoting protective wall mounted in the housing with the possibility of rotation and representing a plate, the upper end of which is equipped with a disk with a clamp fixed on it by a rotation reducer and pin, and its lower end is provided with a base with radially directed holes, the bottom of the body having a cylindrical guide with a through hole, in the upper part of the body there is a through vertical hole and radially directed holes. In addition, the plate of the supporting-rotary protective wall is provided with a spool-type supply unit located along the axis of rotation of the supporting-rotary wall and representing an insert having channels extending into the annular grooves, fixed in the axle of the plate and installed by landing with a gap in the glass with holes fixed on the case. This unit works as follows. The crushed long radioactive element through the vertical loading funnel is fed with a certain step in the grinding zone to the cutting mechanism, it enters the hole of the supporting and movable sleeve blades. In this case, the movable knife is brought into translational motion with the help of the hydraulic cylinder rod, cutting radioactive elements into chamber blanks, which independently fall into the discharge channel and are removed from it by gravity. Gradually, during operation, the knives wear out and need to be replaced, in which the loading funnel is released from the long radioactive element, and the pipelines are disconnected from the hydraulic cylinder, after which the rotation drive is turned on, the rotation reducer is set in motion, and the supporting-rotary protective wall rotates 180 around the vertical axis °. The cutting mechanism moves from the camera to a safe area. Having replaced the cutting tool, then rotate the supporting-rotary protective wall again by 180 °, but in the opposite direction to the working position. The unit is ready for a new cycle of work, (see RF Patent for the invention No. 2216800 C21C 19/36, published November 20, 2003).

This unit also has the following disadvantages. Firstly, the reverse side of the cutting mechanism when replacing the cutting knives is in the working room, i.e. in the felling zone, which leads to its radioactive contamination and, therefore, when returning back to increase the dose load of maintenance personnel. Secondly, the replacement of cutting knives, repair and restoration of only one cutting mechanism, cause the loss of working time of the unit as a whole, and, in turn, reduces the degree of its production operation. And thirdly, the presence in the aggregate of only one physical principle - mechanical grinding reduces the possibility of productive fragmentation of elements from various materials used in nuclear energy.

The problem of eliminating the disadvantages of analogues is solved by creating a complex for grinding radioactive lengthy elements and stacking their fragments in containers, having modules with different physical principles of fragmentation, and with the possibility of replacing these modules without stopping the operation of the complex by preparing another of the same module at the opposite installation site four-position mechanism of a revolving type.

EFFECT: increased radiation safety of the grinding process, increased productivity due to a tool change in another module during the operation of the complex is ensured by the presence of a protective chamber built into the wall separating the working room from the aggregate hall and including modules for supplying and deactivating radioactive elements and the working zone of the chamber itself having windows with movable gates covering them. In the chamber placed on the vertical axis of the grinding modules and containers for crushed materials, which are installed on the sites of four-position mechanisms of a revolving type with a rotation drive. At the same time, in the aggregate hall, this mechanism is installed at the upper level of the protective chamber and feeds into its working area the modules for grinding radioactive elements, and another of the same type of revolving mechanism is mounted in the working room at the lower level of the chamber and is designed to supply empty and remove loaded containers with crushed materials. To move empty and loaded containers, as well as grinding modules from and to the platforms of the four-position mechanisms of the revolving type, the complex is equipped with a high-capacity crane with an automated pick-up and a general-use crane. The installation and removal of the lids from the containers are performed by the manipulators available in the complex. Moreover, their control system is integrated into a common semi-automatic control system of the main structural executive mechanisms of the complex.

The complex is also characterized by the fact that the protective chamber is equipped with an automatic decontamination system and the discharge of liquid into a special sewer.

The complex is also characterized in that the actuator of the grinding modules can be made in the form of a mechanical system of knives, a plasmatron, or an electrical contact device. It should also be noted that the equipment for energy supply of the modules is located in the aggregate hall, isolated from the working room, which provides a radiation safety zone for staff. For the same purpose, biological ridge ridges placed on each of the four beams of both mechanisms of the revolver type are used, which overlap the slots in the body of the protective chamber. The supply of electricity and control signals that ensure the functioning of the protective chamber modules is carried out through a revolving mechanism using detachable connections.

The utility model is new, since the totality of the features of its formula is not found in information sources, the layout of the structural elements of the complex is fundamentally new, since it coincides with the found analogues only for its intended purpose. The industrial applicability of the utility model is not in doubt, since basically each individual element of the complex is known in the art and can be applied and manufactured by conventional engineering design and using well-known manufacturing technologies. The proposed complex is developing a techno-working draft.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a general view of the complex in plan, Fig. 2 shows a top view of it, Fig. 3 shows a crane with an increased lifting capacity with an automated grip, Fig. 4 shows a manipulator for removing and installing covers on container, circuits of modules for supplying radioactive elements and their deactivation are shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, and FIGS. 7, 8, and 9 show grinding modules with cutting knives, a plasma cutter, and an electrical contact device installed in them, respectively; container with cover, and figure 11 shows the control circuit of the complex.

The complex for grinding long radioactive elements and laying their fragments in containers contains a protective chamber 1 with a housing 2, built into the wall 3, separating the working room 4 from the aggregate hall 5 and including a feed module 6, a radioactive element decontamination module 7 and a working area 9 a chamber 1 having windows 10 with movable shutters 11 covering them. In the chamber 1, grinding module 12 and containers 13 for crushed fragments mounted on platforms 14 four positional mechanisms 15 and 16 of the revolving type actuator 17 with their rotation. In this case, the mechanism 15 is installed in the aggregate room 5 at the upper level of the chamber 1 and feeds into its working area 9 a module 12 for grinding radioactive elements 8, and the mechanism 16 is placed in the working room 4 at the lower level of the chamber 1 and is designed to empty and remove it containers 13 loaded with crushed fragments of long elements. To move empty and loaded containers 13 to and from the platform 14 of the four-position mechanism 16 installed in the working room 4, the complex is equipped with a crane 18 of increased capacity with automatic gripping 19. Loading, installation and unloading of the chopping modules 12 is carried out using a lifting device 20 for general use with a loading capacity of up to 2 tons with manual control, and the removal and installation of covers 21 from containers 13 is carried out by manipulators 22. The housing 2 of the protective chamber 1 can be cylindrical skim, square or any other shaped and sized to pass through a window 10 in its working zone 9, the containers 13 and grinding modules 12 placed on the platforms 14 and 15, four-position mechanism 16 revolving type. The materials used in the housing 2 must satisfy the requirements of maximum absorption of radioactive radiation, namely, materials such as stainless steel or other carbon steel coated with a polymer film.

The crane 18 increased capacity with automatic capture 19 mainly for moving containers 13 with radioactive waste (figure 3) contains a bridge 23, mounted on it a cargo hanging trolley 24, carrying an oriented load-lifting mechanism 25, connected via a suspension 26 with a controlled mentioned capture 19. The movement of the crane 18 is carried out by the mechanism 27, and the cargo truck 24 is moved relative to the bridge 23 using the drive 28. The suspension 26 consists of a spatial frame 29 and brackets 30 with eyelets 31 for the cre of the capture 19. The current supply to the capture 19 is located on the frame 29 of the suspension 26 and consists of a basket 32, through which the cable 34 passes through the gateway 33. The controlled automated capture 19 is a rigid three-dimensional housing, including a support frame 35, a crosshead 36 with vertical struts 37, a hollow central strut 38 and four gripping legs 39 with engagement teeth 40. The rods 41 are driven by an electric actuator 42 into the open or closed position of the legs 39, the operation of which is controlled by sensors (in FIG. not shown). In addition, the position of the gripping paws is also determined using sensors, the position of the raised beam 36 is determined by sensors (not shown in FIG.), The signals from which are fed to the central control panel in the form of a stand 43 mounted on the beam 36. To ensure the necessary level of safety when working with containers 13, mechanical and electrical interlocks (not shown) are incorporated in the construction of the gripper 19.

The capture control is carried out with the remote hand control 44 and is used together with the remote control panel of the crane. The installation of the crane 18 with a grip 19 relative to the containers 13 located on the mechanism 16 can be carried out using positional stops or using an optoelectronic system 45. The suspension 29 of the grip 19 is connected by ropes 46 via leveling blocks 47 to the drums 48 of the load-lifting mechanism 25, which has a load-limiting restriction sensor 49 and limit switches for limiting the raising and lowering of the gripper 19 (not shown in FIG.). To remove and install the grinding modules from the site and to the site 14 of the four-position mechanism 15, a general-purpose load receptor 20 is used, which is a monorail (I-beam) 50 with a hoist 51 mounted on it, which includes an electric motor 52, a gearbox 53 with a brake, a drum 54 with a laid cable 55 and a suspension unit 56 with a hook 57 on which various lifting devices are hung. The hoist 51 is relative to the monorail 50, and the monorail itself along the crane tracks 58 is moved using trolleys (not shown in Fig.). The hoist can be controlled from the floor by means of a control panel suspended on a cable.

Manipulators 22 for removing and installing the covers 21 on the container 13 are mounted opposite to each other above the opposite platforms 14 of the four-position mechanism 15. In general, the manipulator 22 is a three-dimensional structure including a cargo trolley 59 supported by a crane track 60 having a drive 61 of its horizontal movement and the drive 62 of vertical raising and lowering of the automatic gripper 19, equipped with gripping levers 63 and pushers 64 of the cover 21. Four-position mechanisms 15 and 16 the turret type is made in the form of a welded structure in which four beams 67 are made up of channels No. 10, welded to the central holder 66 at an angle of 90 ° relative to each other, the ends of which are fixedly mounted on platforms 14 for placement of grinding modules 12 on them. Moreover, the mentioned mechanisms 15 and 16 are equipped with a hydraulic or electromechanical drive 17 for their rotation by 90 °, and the distance α from the axis of rotation of each mechanism 15 and 16 to the installation center of the grinding module 12 and the container 13 of each beam 67 must coincide with the distance b from the center their rotation to the axial protective chamber 1. The housing 68 of the grinding module 12 is preferably made of stainless steel. In each of the three modules 12, depending on the material intended for grinding, a mechanical system of knives 69, a plasmatron 70, or an electrical contact device 71 with a circular saw are installed.

In the first case, the grinding of the element 8, supplied by the vehicle 72 of the common room 73 through the guiding funnels 74 of the protective chamber 1 to its working area 9, is carried out by a progressively moving wedge-shaped knife 75 of optimal geometry relative to the second stationary supporting knife 76. In the second module 12 for more efficient grinding an air-cooled plasma-cutting apparatus for plasma torch 70 is installed. The apparatus is equipped with a cable-hose package of at least 10 m in length, in this case it is equipped with a sleeve-der resident 77, which provides the possibility of its use in mechanized machine cutting. The largest required thickness of the cut element is within 70 mm. In particular, for this purpose, a powerful PURM-320 plasma cutting machine can be used, designed for use in difficult conditions, including (in the PURM 400VA modification) and under water. This device is manufactured by the Russian company Vanita LLC (1).

For high-speed grinding of elements of a nuclear reactor, an electric contact device 71 is mounted in module 12 with a circular saw 78 connected to the cathode (not shown in Fig.) And mounted on the shaft 79 of the asynchronous electric motor 80 located on the frame 81 with a drive 82 for moving it. The circular saw 78 can be made of steel, copper, brass, while its rotation speed is 30-40 m / s, and the cutting process is carried out at low voltage and is characterized by high productivity. The electrocontact method is intended for grinding parts from hard materials of any hardness. This is due to the fact that with the electric contact cutting mechanism, the process of metal melting takes place due to the conversion of electricity into heat, and also due to the fact that during electric erosion, discharges occur between the saw blade and the workpiece (2).

The container 13 for the crushed fractions of long radioactive elements has pockets 83 for the teeth of the gripper 19 of the crane 18 of increased capacity and is a square-shaped container made of any material that ultimately delays radiation.

The decontamination module 7 is provided with devices 84, forming a fluid supply system directly to the grinding module 8, for example, a solution of boric or oxalic acid and is intended to remove their level of radioactivity. The decontamination system operates autonomously and provides for the discharge of boric acid solution into a special sewer 85. On each beam of four-position mechanisms 15 and 16, biological protection ridges 93 are placed to cover the slots of chamber 1.

The control of individual actuators is integrated into the general system of semi-automatic control of the complex (Fig. 11), which includes an industrial computer 86 connected via interfaces 87 to the control unit 88 of the manipulators 22, block 89 of the four-position mechanism 16 of the rotor type with positioning in four positions, block 90 weight control filled with crushed fragments of the containers 13, block 91 of the module 6 supply long radioactive elements 8 in the module 12 grinding, also equipped lock 92, connected to an industrial computer 86. The principles of constructing each branch of the complex control system are well known in the art and are based on the use of sensors and devices that measure the required values of technological parameters, followed by the transmission of information to a settlement controller connected to the industrial computer to issue the necessary commands actuators. So, in particular, to fix the required weight of the obtained ground fragments of the radioactive elements 8 in the container 13, which is at the working position in the chamber 1 under the grinding module 12, three load cells connected to the controller are installed on the platform 14 of the four-position mechanism 16 (in Fig. shown) of block 89. When the specified weight is reached, the signal from the load cells enters the controller, and then after its processing is sent to the industrial computer 86, which instructs block 92 to turn off m feeding and grinding mechanisms of modules 6 and 12. Other branches of the complex control system work similarly. The four-position rotor-type mechanism 15, installed in the aggregate hall 5, feeds the modules 12 into the working area 9 of the protective chamber 1, as well as a crane 18 of increased capacity and a lifting device 20, are manually controlled by the operator and the decontamination fluid is supplied to the chamber 7 module 7.

When the protective chamber 1 is functioning, aggregate room 5 contains equipment 94 for providing all modules (gas sources, pumping stations, power and control sources for plasmatrons and an electric contact saw), as well as redundant grinding modules 12, while the energy and control signals are transmitted through four-position mechanisms 15 and 16 of a revolving type using detachable connections 95.

The complex for grinding radioactive long elements and packing their fragments in containers works as follows.

Depending on the type of material of the radioactive element 8, which needs to be fractionated in the aggregate hall 5, install the corresponding grinding module 12 with the help of a lifting device 20 on the platform 14 of the four-position mechanism 15 of the rotor type and move it through the window 10 with the raised gate 11 by turning the electromechanical drive 17 to 180 ° into the working area 9 of the protective chamber 1. At the same time, an empty container 13 with a lid 21 is also placed on the platform 14 of the four-position mechanism 16 autonomously in the working room 4 the displacement is carried out by a crane 18, which, using an automatic grip 19, controlled from the stand 43, securely fixes the pockets 83 of the container 13 with its teeth of the legs 39, thereby ensuring its guaranteed fastening. Having installed the container 13 with the cover 21 on the platform 14 of the four-position mechanism 16, then it is carried out automatically using the block 89 and the industrial computer 86 to rotate it 90 ° to a fixed position from under the manipulator 22 to remove the cover 21 from the container. The manipulator 22 by the levers 63 of the gripper 19 removes the cover 21 from the container 13, after which, in the same automatic mode, the container 13 without the cover 21 moves the drive 17 of the mechanism 16 to the next 90 ° into the working area 9 of the camera 1 through the window 10 with the gates 11 raised level, combining, due to the equality of α and b along the vertical axis II, with the grinding module 12. After installing the grinding module 12 and the container 13, the biological protection ridges 93 block the slots in the housing 2 of the protective chamber 1, and the windows 10 are closed with gates 11, thus preventing the radiation from entering the room of the aggregate hall 4. Then, into the technologically prepared protective chamber 1 served by the vehicle 72 of the common room 73 through the guide funnel 74 a long radioactive element 8. After passing through the lunettes system 96 of the feed module 6, the element 8 (Fig. 5) goes step by step into the decontamination module 7, where it washes using a device 84 with a solution of boric acid, reducing its level of radioactivity and then moving to the module 12 of its grinding. In module 12, depending on the installed knives, plasmatron or electric contact circular saw, the radioactive element 8 is ground by mechanical, plasma or electrical contact methods (Figs. 7, 8 and 9). When the container is filled with 13 fragments of the crushed radioactive element 8 to a predetermined weight, three load cells of the platform 14 of the four-position mechanism 16 are triggered, the signal from which is sent to the controller of the block 90 and, after its processing, to the computer 86, from which the command to turn off the blocks 91 and 92 follows supply element 8 and its grinding.

The container 13 filled with radioactive fractions is rotated by turning the four-position mechanism 16 with open gates 11 and is set to the position d of another manipulator 22, which, using the gripper 19 and the pusher 64, closes the container 21 with a lid 21. By the next rotation of the four-position mechanism 16, the container 13 with radioactive fragments is closed by a cover 21 moves under the crane 18, from where it enters the place of storage or processing. If it is necessary to replace the grinding module 12, the gate 11 releases the windows 10 of the housing 2 of the protective chamber 1 and the four-position mechanism 15 rotates through 180 ° and places the specified module under the lifting device 20, by means of which this module is dismantled and

replacing it with another from among the spare. Then the cycle of the complex is repeated again.

The proposed utility model as a technical solution allows to reduce the dose of radiation exposure of maintenance personnel by deactivating the grinding module inside the protective chamber.

Among the advantages of the proposed complex should include the factor of the use of grinding modules with various physical principles: mechanical, plasma and electrical, as well as increasing the productivity and service life of the complex by reducing downtime due to the presence of another similar grinding module.

Design documentation has been developed for the most complex object of the complex with a crane with automatic lifting capacity.

Information taken into account when filling out the application.

1. Internet site: http://www.vanita.ru/pm320Shme);

2. Internet site: http://www.upmetaldesc.ru/processing-meta/129html);

3. Mechanical engineering. Encyclopedia. Section IV -Calculation and design of machines. Volume 25. "Mechanical Engineering of Nuclear Engineering", book 2. M., Publishing House "Mechanical Engineering", 2005, p.311-315;

4. Patent RU No. 2183151 B23H 5/04, publ. 06/10/2002;

5. Patent RU No. 21388663 G21C 19/34, publ. 09/27/1999;

6. Patent RU No. 2257624 G21C 3/35, publ. July 27, 2005;

7. Patent RU No. 2276414 G21C 19/36, publ. 05/10/2006;

8. Patent RU No. 2406168 G2119 / 36, publ. 12/10/2010

Claims (9)

1. A complex for grinding radioactive lengthy elements and stacking them in containers, characterized by the presence of a protective chamber built into the wall separating the working room from the aggregate hall, and including modules for supplying and deactivating radioactive elements and its actual working area, which has windows with moving covers for them with gates, the grinding modules and containers for crushed fragments combined on the vertical axis, mounted on the platforms of the four-position turret Ip with a rotation drive, while in the aggregate room at the upper level of the protective chamber the indicated mechanism of the revolving type is installed, which feeds into its working area a module for grinding radioactive elements, and another of the same type of revolving mechanism is mounted in the working room at the lower level of the camera and is designed to feeding into it empty and removing loaded containers, and to move empty and loaded containers and grinding modules from sites and to sites of four-position turret mechanisms ipa complex crane provided with increased load capacity with automated capture, a manipulator for installing and removing the covers of containers in the capture, with their control system is integrated into the overall system design semiautomatic control the actuators of the complex. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective chamber is equipped with an automatic decontamination system and drain the liquid into a special sewer. 3. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the aggregate room contains equipment for the energy supply of the modules (hydraulic pump stations, power supplies and control plasmatrons and laser cutters), as well as backup grinding modules. 4. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmission of energy and control signals is carried out through a revolving mechanism using detachable connections. 5. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that on each of the four beams of both mechanisms of the revolver type, ridges for biological protection against radiation are installed to cover the slots in the body of the protective chamber. 6. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator of the grinding modules can be made in the form of a mechanical guillotine. 7. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator of the grinding modules can be made in the form of a plasmatron. 8. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator of the grinding modules can be made in the form of a laser cutting device. 9. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it is preferably equipped with a lifting device for general use.

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