RU123849U1 - POWER PLANT FOR TRANSFORMING WATER ENERGY INTO MECHANICAL - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Power plant for converting water energy into mechanical, containing a turbine made with a housing representing a stator containing a cylindrical circular channel with inlet and outlet devices, and a rotor equipped with an output shaft, and a device for supplying water under pressure, characterized in that the inlet device is made with sequentially interconnected confuser with an inlet communicating with the environment and a diffuser, and the stator is equipped with a pressure chamber communicating with its inlet with the device for supplying water under pressure and made with outlet nozzles located in the outlet of the diffuser along its entire perimeter and directed by its axes at an angle of 7-30 ° to the axis of the inlet device when viewed on the surface of the body in plan, while the channel is made with a vortex chamber located between the diffuser and the turbine rotor so that the water jets flowing from the nozzles, created in a stream of water passing through stator channel, vortex directed by its vector along the channel axis. 2. The power plant for converting water energy into mechanical energy according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust nozzles are additionally deflected in the diametrical plane towards the axis of the inlet device at an angle equal to 0.5-8 °. 3. The power plant for converting water energy into mechanical energy according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the device for supplying water under pressure is made in the form of an axial vane pump with an electric motor, equipped with an outlet and intake nozzles, while the outlet nozzle is connected to the inlet nozzle�

Description

The field of technology.

The utility model relates to energy, and more specifically to hydraulic machines and engines, and can be used in various industries, agriculture to produce cheap mechanical or electrical energy.

The level of technology.

Known: “Device and system for generating energy by moving water” WO 2007143021 publication of 07/20/2010 IPC F03B 13/00 (Convention priority: 02.06.2006 US 11 / 446,497).

A system for generating energy by moving water, comprising a group of turbine-driven, hydraulically connected hydraulic pumps, the group being made up of pumps in an interchangeable modular arrangement, and the cells are arranged to receive kinetic energy from moving the water, and the cells convert the resulting due to the movement of water energy through a turbine that drives a hydraulic pump .. In this case, the cells are connected to the power system through a generator, and the generator It is a synchronized AC induction motor; groups anchored at the bottom of the ocean.

The system is bulky, contains a large number of low-power cells having a low efficiency (efficiency), has reduced reliability, is difficult to operate because, designed for deep undercurrents, it depends on the speed and direction of the current.

Patent devices: R.F. No. 2256092, 2324068, 2334120; US No. 8035243; CN 102182641, 101046184, 2011488935; JP 2007270738, 2009235951, 2010090822; KR 20090038180 have similar disadvantages to varying degrees.

The well-known "method of converting the energy of a hydroflow and a whirlwind turbine for its implementation" according to the patent of R.F. No. 2424444 dated February 8, 2010, F03B 3/00, F03B 13/00. According to this invention, the vortex hydraulic turbine contains a frame with a vertically arranged hollow tank, in which power take-off shafts are installed with two blade turbines mounted on top of each other, coaxial to the axis of rotation, and the inner wall is made in the form of a pipe of variable cross section with the formation of a channel narrowing upwards the hollow tank is fixedly mounted and made in the form of a glass with the shape of the bottom in the form of a half surface, forming an axial through hole in the bottom, in the upper part of the glass on its periphery A nozzle inlet with an inlet socket parallel to the direction of movement of the main hydraulic flow was installed in the first stage; the first vane turbine located at the same level as the nozzle inlet was made radial; the second vane turbine was made axial.

A vortex turbine is installed in a hydraulic flow on a stationary or floating platform (not shown in the drawings) so that the nozzle inlet with the inlet socket are parallel to the direction of the main flow.

According to the authors, in a vortex turbine that implements the proposed method, the energy of the hydroflow is effectively converted through the formation of a regenerative vortex flow while reducing the overall dimensions of the turbine.

However, the authors did not provide any arguments confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method and device. Moreover, the analysis shows that the kinetic energy of the hydraulic flow is triggered on the first blade turbine and the water pressure on the walls of the tank will be insignificant, the translational speed down and up along the inner wall due to friction on the walls of the tank, the inner wall and one and a half surface will also be insignificant. which will create additional resistance to rotation of the first turbine due to the second turbine. The rotational component of the upward flow will also be insignificant due to friction and will not have a significant effect on the operation of the turbine.

Thus, this device adds to the disadvantages of the known hydraulic units the complexity of the design and low efficiency.

It is known "Device for converting the kinetic energy of a liquid into mechanical energy" (US patent 7222313, from 05.25.2010, IPC F03B 3/00). As follows from the description of the patent, the device is connected to a source of pressure of a liquid or gas and contains: a fixed pipe - a fluid receiver that plays the role of a turbine housing and connected with its hole to the source, a movable pipe coaxially mounted on a fixed pipe and bearing at its free end axial fluid flow rotor. The rotor is equipped with a catchment hub with a deflector and hollow radial vanes communicating with it, mounted on the hub and equipped at its ends with ejector holes for ejecting the liquid coming from the fixed tube and rotating the rotor. The rotor at its end carries a drive shaft along the axis of rotation to transfer mechanical energy to an electric generator or other consumers of mechanical energy.

According to the authors of the patent, such an implementation will increase the yield of mechanical energy, i.e., increase the efficiency Setting.

However, the use of low-speed flows will require an increase in the size of the turbine, which will lead to an increase in losses in the blades due to friction and to a decrease in the efficiency of the device. In addition, the dimensions and weight of the device will increase significantly.

Thus, existing power plants are characterized by low efficiency, low achievable power on a single unit, require the creation of systems from a large number of units, having design complexity, are complex and time-consuming to operate.

The essence of the utility model.

The objective of the utility model is to develop the design of such a power plant that would allow obtaining cheap mechanical or electrical energy, would be simple in design and operation, would not require expensive technical facilities for its work.

Moreover, the design of the installation and the requirements for ensuring its operation should allow obtaining significant power in one unit, regardless of the presence of undercurrent speed.

According to the utility model, the task is achieved in that in. An energy installation for converting water energy into mechanical energy, comprising a turbine made with a housing representing a stator containing a cylindrical circular channel with inlet and outlet devices, and a rotor equipped with an output shaft, and a device for supplying water under pressure, the input device is arranged in series interconnected confuser with an inlet communicating with the environment, and a diffuser communicating with its outlet with the stator channel, and provided with a feed chamber communicating at its entrance with a device for supplying water under pressure, and made with exhaust nozzles located in the outlet of the diffuser around its perimeter and directed by its axes at an angle of 7-30 ° to the axis of the input device when viewed from the surface of the housing and the channel is made with a vortex chamber located between the diffuser and the turbine so that the jets of fluid flowing from the nozzles create a vortex in the water stream passing through the stator channel, directed by its vector along the axis channel.

Moreover, the exhaust nozzles are additionally deflected in the diametrical plane towards the axis of the input device by an angle equal to 0.5-8 °.

In addition, the device for supplying water under pressure is made in the form of an axial vane pump with an electric motor, equipped with an outlet and intake nozzles, while the outlet nozzle is connected to the inlet of the discharge chamber, the rotor is made centrifugal-axial, with an axial inlet and a centrifugal outlet, and the rotor output shaft is connected by means of a coupling to the shaft of an electric generator.

It is advisable to perform the installation in such a way that the turbine housing is made up of sequentially arranged and interconnected casings of the confuser, injection chamber, vortex chamber, made at the end with a bell to accommodate the centrifugal-axial stator and a rear wall supporting the bearing assembly for installing the stator, and connected with a bell of a swirl chamber removable racks.

Such an implementation of a power plant will significantly reduce the cost of mechanical or electrical energy received, simplify its operation by installing at shallow depths, regardless of the presence of currents or a significant pressure drop, to abandon the need to build expensive potentially dangerous hydraulic structures.

The list of figures in the drawings.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, in which:

- Figure 1. - shows a general view of the power plant installed on the platform;

Figure 2 - shows a longitudinal section of the turbine along the axis of symmetry.

Implementation of a utility model.

A power plant for converting water energy into mechanical energy is implemented as follows.

An example implementation of the installation is shown in Fig.1. The power plant is mounted on a platform 1 installed on the water surface of a reservoir. The platform can be made of any known design, providing integrity and resistance to emerging loads. It can be floating and equipped with buoyancy elements or rigidly mounted on piles.

As a reservoir, any reservoir can be used that slightly exceeds the overall dimensions of the installation in area and depth. On the lower surface of the platform 1, a turbine 2 and an electric generator 3 are installed using brackets 4, 5 and 6, 7, respectively. The output shaft of the turbine is connected via a coupling 8 to the shaft of an electric generator.

The installation is equipped with a device for supplying water under pressure, made in the form of an axial vane pump 9 connected to the electric motor 10 by a coupling 13 mounted on the platform from above. The pump 9 is equipped with an outlet 11 and an intake 12 nozzles, while the output nozzle 11 is connected to the inlet of the turbine 2.

The turbine 2 (see Figure 2) is made with a housing representing a stator containing a cylindrical circular channel 35 with inlet and outlet devices, and a rotor 14 provided with an output shaft 15.

The input device is made with sequentially located interconnected confuser 16 with an inlet 17 in communication with the environment, and a diffuser 18.

The turbine casing is made of sequentially located and interconnected casing of the confuser 20, the diffuser 25, the vortex chamber 21, made at the end with a bell 22 to accommodate the rotor, and a rear wall 23 connected to the bell of the vortex chamber by removable racks 26 ..

In addition, the stator is equipped with a discharge chamber 19, which serves to supply under pressure into the channel of the ejection water.

The injection chamber 19 is made in the body of the diffuser 25 and is in cross section a ring channel symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis, made around the diffuser, formed by the front 27, rear 28 and ring 29 walls, interconnected by radius transitions. In its upper part, the injection chamber 19 is made with an inlet channel 30 made in the inlet pipe 31 of the turbine. The inlet pipe 31 is provided with a flange for connecting to the outlet pipe 11 of the pump 9. The rear wall 28 is made flat and provided with inlet openings for exhaust nozzles 32 around its entire circumference. Nozzles 32 are located in the outlet part of the diffuser around its entire perimeter and are angled 33 34, equal to 7-30 ° to the axis of the input device when viewed from the surface of the housing in plan.

The exhaust nozzles may be additionally deflected in the diametrical plane of the channel 35 towards the axis of the input device at an angle 36 equal to 0.5-8 °.

When nozzles with deviations from the input device axis less than 7 ° are made, the effect of the vortex on the installation efficiency disappears, and when the deviation angles are greater than 30 °, the axial component of the flow increases, which also leads to a decrease in the installation efficiency.

The channel 35 is made with a vortex chamber 37 located between the diffuser 32 and the rotor of the turbine 14 and made in length so that the jets of fluid flowing from the nozzles create in the water stream passing through the stator channel a vortex 38 directed by its vector along the axis channel. The length of the vortex chamber 37 is chosen sufficient to create a stable vortex structure in the flow and depends on the angle of deviation of the nozzles, i.e. With a smaller nozzle deflection angle, the vortex chamber will be longer.

The turbine can be made of any known design: axial, centrifugal. So when using an axial turbine, it can be installed with its sleeve in bearings, fixed in the channel using racks.

However, it is advisable to perform a centrifugal-axial turbine for more efficient use of the generated stream.

In the above example, the turbine rotor 14 is made centrifugal-axial, with an axial inlet 39 and a centrifugal outlet 40. The rear wall 23 is flat and carries a bearing assembly 24 for mounting the rotor 14. The rotor is made in the form of a central shaped cone-shaped body with concave curvilinear shapes 41 on a flat base and bearing on its surface profiled blades 42. An output shaft 15 is installed in the body 41, with the help of which the rotor is installed in the rear wall in the bearing assembly 24 and is fixed with a fixing the sleeve 43. The bearing assembly 24 is mounted on the rear wall and can be performed in any known manner. In the simplest case, the bearing assembly may consist of a housing with mounted sliding bearings made of antifriction materials. The blades 42 are made with a flat section 43, oriented along the radius, to operate on it and straighten the rotational component of the flow. The output part of the blade 42 is made curved, bent to the side opposite to the direction of rotation of the rotor for more complete use of the translational flow.

The output shaft 15 of the rotor 14 at its end can be equipped with various devices (pulleys, couplings, etc.) for mechanical transmission to various consumers. In the above example, the output shaft 15 is connected using the coupling 8 with the shaft of the electric generator 3, and the installation itself is designed to generate and transmit electricity to consumers. For this, the installation is equipped with a switchboard installed on the platform (not shown in the drawings) and connected by its input to the cable with the output of the electric generator 3. At the same time, the cable and the generator itself are made in waterproof design.

Installation can be performed with a control panel that ensures its operability.

The installation does not require any special materials and technologies for its manufacture, and can be manufactured using known technologies on existing equipment. So the case of the confuser can be made of plastic polymeric materials in the form of a frame with shells; the diffuser housing may be made of light cast alloys; swirl chamber, rotor - made of metal with anti-friction coating.

Installation works as follows.

When the motor 10 is turned on, the pump 9 through the outlet pipe 11 supplies water 47 to the discharge chamber 19. Next, water through the nozzles 32 is injected under pressure into the vortex chamber 37, where water jets flowing from the nozzles, where they accelerate the water in the channel and create it vortex 38. The resulting vortex 38 creates a rarefaction in the central region of the channel, due to which a stream of water 46 is created, rushing into the channel 35 regardless of the presence of flow in the surrounding water. The flow of water 46 in the turbine channel is mixed with ejected water from the nozzles, receives additional energy and turns into an accelerated vortex stream. The vortex flow enters the turbine, where it is triggered and released into the environment in the form of a stream. Thus, mechanical energy is generated on the turbine, which can be used by various consumers, including for generating electricity.

Thus, the installation does not require: the presence of underwater currents, the construction of expensive potentially dangerous structures. The installation can work in any body of water: river, sea, lake, etc., and does not require large volumes. At the same time, the installation is simple in design, reliable and safe to operate, simple in maintenance and environmentally friendly.

In addition, the vortex flow at the inlet of the channel creates a vacuum, due to which the energy of the environment (vacuum energy) is used, which leads to an increase in the efficiency of the device, efficiency It significantly exceeds the efficiency Famous installations. The design of the installation allows you to get significant energy in one unit.

Thus, the use of the proposed technical solution will allow to obtain cheap mechanical or electrical energy.

Claims (5)

1. Power plant for converting water energy into mechanical, containing a turbine made with a housing representing a stator containing a cylindrical circular channel with inlet and outlet devices, and a rotor equipped with an output shaft, and a device for supplying water under pressure, characterized in that the input device is made with sequentially located interconnected confuser with an inlet in communication with the environment, and a diffuser, and the stator is equipped with an injection chamber, communicating I by my entrance with a device for supplying water under pressure and made with exhaust nozzles located in the outlet of the diffuser along its entire perimeter and directed by its axes at an angle of 7-30 ° to the axis of the input device when viewed from the surface of the housing in plan, with this channel made with a vortex chamber located between the diffuser and the turbine rotor in such a way that water streams flowing from the nozzles create a vortex in the water stream passing through the stator channel, directed by its vector along the channel axis. 2. A power plant for converting water energy into mechanical energy according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust nozzles are additionally deflected in a diametrical plane towards the axis of the input device by an angle equal to 0.5-8 °. 3. Power plant for converting water energy into mechanical energy according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the device for supplying water under pressure is made in the form of an axial vane pump with an electric motor, equipped with an outlet and intake nozzles, while the outlet nozzle is connected to the inlet nozzle turbines. 4. Power plant for converting water energy into mechanical energy according to claim 3, characterized in that the rotor is made centrifugal-axial, with an axial inlet and a centrifugal outlet. 5. A power plant for converting water energy into mechanical energy according to claim 3, characterized in that the turbine housing is made up of consecutively arranged and interconnected casings of a confuser, a diffuser, a swirl chamber made at the end with a bell to accommodate a centrifugal-axial rotor, and the back wall supporting the bearing assembly for mounting the rotor and removable racks associated with the bell of the vortex chamber.

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