RU120100U1 - INSTALLATION FOR CLEANING AND LIGHTING OF WASTE MINERAL OILS - Google Patents

Abstract

Installation for purification and clarification of waste mineral oils, including a series-connected reactor tank, a settling tank, a clarification unit and a vacuum tank, characterized in that the reactor tank contains an oil inlet line, a stirrer with a drive, a first heating unit located on on the tank cover, a modifier dispenser and a drain line, on which the first three-way valve is installed, connected with its outputs to the injection pump and to the drain line from the settling tank, at the outlet of the injection pump a coarse filter, a throttle and a second three-way valve are placed in series, between the coarse filter and the throttle has a branch with a safety valve and a drain line to the reactor tank; the second three-way valve is also connected with its outputs to the oil drain line to the reactor tank and to the third three-way valve, the outputs of which are the oil drain line to the settling tank and the oil supply line through the flow meter, the fine filter and the fourth three-way valve, one outlet of which is connected with a clarification unit, the second outlet - with a settling tank, while the settling tank is equipped with a second heating unit and a level gauge, the clarification unit contains a breather, a level gauge and a metal grate placed in its lower part with a granular or powdery adsorbent placed on it, the space under the grate connected by a pipeline with a vacuum tank equipped with a vacuum pump, an oil vapor trap and a degassing unit, while the outlet of the vacuum tank is connected to a container of clean oil.

Description

The utility model relates to equipment and technology for the processing of petroleum products and, in particular, to equipment for the purification and clarification of used mineral oils.

Known installations for the purification of waste oils containing a pressure pump, a coarse filter, a heating unit, a processing unit and a fine filter. Such is the installation (see RF patent No. 2029781, class C01M 175/02, 1995), in which all these blocks are connected by highways with on-off nodes located in them, and the oil processing unit is made in the form of a centrifuge connected in series and separator separator. The design of this unit allows oil processing according to various schemes, but the value of the unit is reduced due to the insufficient efficiency of oil waste treatment and the small range of reclaimed oils.

The installation is also known (see RF patent No. 2034910, class C10M 175/02, 1995), in which the oil processing unit is made in the form of an ultrafiltration apparatus with a hydrophobic membrane. The disadvantage of this installation is the limited service life of the filter media.

The process of oil regeneration can be significantly improved by introducing various types of homogenizers into the installation scheme to create a stable homogeneous mixture.

Closest in technical essence to the claimed one is an installation containing a receiving tank, a pump unit, a pre-filter, an oil processing unit and a purified oil tank, while the oil processing unit is made in the form of a passive-type homogenizer connected in series, which is a cavitation generator , and a cermet filter (see RF patent No. 2055863, class C10M 175/02, 1996). Oil treatment by ultrasonic cavitation allows fine grinding of mechanical impurities in it, which eliminates the need for bulky and energy-intensive cleaners and filters. This installation was chosen by us for the prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype is its limited capabilities when using modern means of influencing contaminated oil, such as liquid and powdery modifiers and surfactants. This disadvantage can be eliminated by introducing physical type homogenizers into the installation scheme in the form of mechanical mixing devices in combination with settling and separation.

Common disadvantages of the known installations for the regeneration of waste oils are the choice of either very aggressive reagents or complex multicomponent compositions, which leads to several stages of the process and the need for high-temperature modes. Heating oil to temperatures above 100 degrees C leads to its intense oxidation and degrades the performance of the oil: the viscosity of the oil changes, the alkaline number decreases, the color of the oil and its acidity change.

The task to which the claimed utility model is directed is to increase the cleaning efficiency, regeneration and clarification of oils using environmentally friendly technology, subject to low energy consumption of the installation and at lower investment in combination with ease of maintenance.

The technical result in the claimed utility model is achieved by the fact that in the installation for purification and clarification of spent mineral oils, which includes serially connected tank reactor, sedimentation tank, clarification unit and vacuum tank, the reactor tank contains an oil inlet line, an agitator with a drive , the first heating unit, a modifier dispenser located on the lid of the reactor tank and a drain line, on which the first three-way valve is installed, connected with its outputs to the discharge pump and to the drain line from the sump tank; at the outlet of the injection pump, a coarse filter, a throttle and a second three-way valve are placed in series, between the coarse filter and the throttle there is a branch to the safety valve with a drain line to the reactor tank, the second three-way valve is connected with its outputs to the oil drain line to the reactor tank and with a third three-way valve, the outputs of which are the line for draining the oil into the sump tank and the oil supply line through the flow meter, a fine filter and the fourth three-way valve, one output of which is connected to the lighting unit eniya, the second output - with a tank-sump, wherein the sump tank is provided with a level gauge and a second heating unit comprises a breather lightening unit, and the transmitter housed in the lower part thereof with a metal grating placed thereon granular or powdered adsorbent; the space under the grate is connected by a pipeline to a vacuum tank equipped with a vacuum pump, an oil vapor trap and a degassing unit, while the outlet of the vacuum tank is connected to a clean oil tank.

A patent search showed that individual elements of the installation are known in the technique of regeneration of used oils and refining of petroleum products (see the book by P.I. Shashkin, I.V. Bray. Regeneration of used oil oils. M. Chemistry, 1970; Gushchin V .A., Ostrikov VV Theoretical background for the restoration of the basic operational properties of lubricating oils (Tambov, VNIITiN, 1994; Fuchs GI Viscosity and ductility of petroleum products M., 2003).

However, the above set of interconnected distinctive features is not found and does not explicitly follow from the level of technology development. In connection with the above, the claimed technical solution is considered consistent with the patentability requirement of "novelty."

The installation diagram for cleaning and clarifying spent mineral oils is shown in the attached drawing.

The installation contains a series-connected tank reactor 1, a settling tank 2, clarification unit 3 and a vacuum tank 4. The tank reactor 1 contains an oil inlet line 5, an agitator 6 with a drive 7, a modifier dispenser 8 and a thermometer 9. In the lower part inside the tank 1, heaters 10 are placed. A three-way valve 11 is installed on the drain from the tank 1, from which the oil is sent along line 12 and then by the pump 13 through the coarse filter 14 through the pipe 15 and through the throttle 16 to the three-way valve 17, which distributes the flow of the processed oil: pipeline 18 through three A single valve 19 and a pipe 20 to the settling tank 2 or back to the reactor tank 1 through the pipe 21. Oil is drained from the reactor tank 1 through the valve 22.

In front of the throttle 16 on line 15 there is a branch 23 with a pressure gauge 24 installed in it and a safety valve 25, which provides, if necessary, oil transfer via line 26 back to the tank reactor 1.

A level gauge 27 and a thermometer 28 are placed on the settling tank. Heaters 29 are located in the lower part of the tank 2 inside. The sediment 30 is drained through a tap 31 into a collector 32.

The clarification unit 3 is a container, on the top cover of which a breather 33 and a level gauge 34 are installed, and a thermometer 35 is placed on the side wall of the tank.

The volume 36 of oil to be clarified is pumped into clarification unit 3 — depending on the quality of the initial product — along two circuits: from the reactor tank 1 through a three-way valve 11, pump 13, coarse filter 14, throttle 16, three-way valve 17, three-way valve 19 and further through the pipe 37 through the flow meter 38 and the fine filter 39 and then through the valve 40 through the pipe 41 to the clarification unit, or from the sump tank 2, oil is supplied via the pipe 42 through the valve 11 and then by the pump 13 via pipelines 15, 18, 37 and through the flow meter 38, fine filter 39 and through line 41 to the clarification unit. For ring cleaning of oil in the sump tank 2, the second outlet of the valve 40 is connected by a pipe 43 to the upper volume of the sump tank.

In the lower part of the clarification unit 3, a metal grating 44 is installed with a fabric or metal mesh 45 placed on it. A granular or powdery adsorbent is placed on the mesh, which during operation forms two layers of different density - cake 46, i.e. a layer of solid particles left on the filter surface, and a porous cake 47.

The selection of oil from the clarification unit 3 to the vacuum tank 4 is carried out from the lower volume 48 through the pipe 49 due to the vacuum created by the pump 50, the oil vapor trap 51 and a three-way valve 52 are also placed on the communication line with the vacuum tank. In the upper part of the vacuum tank 4 a degassing unit 53 is placed, connected to a manovacuum meter 54 located outside the tank and a three-way valve 52. If necessary, the valve 52 provides a connection between the internal volume of the vacuum tank and the atmosphere. To select a dose of clarified oil, the vacuum tank is equipped with a valve 55 mounted on the outlet pipe 56.

Installation for cleaning and clarification of waste mineral oils works as follows.

Through pipeline 6, the spent oil is pumped into the tank reactor 1. Here, the oil is heated to 80-100 degrees C. With the help of heaters 10 and mixed with a modifier - 30-50% aqueous urea solution. The modifier is charged through dispenser 8 in an amount equal to 5 percent of the total amount of oil in the reactor tank. As a result of active mixing and heating of the oil, particles of contaminants are enlarged by volume and weight, sticking together or mixing under the influence of molecular adhesion forces. Mixing is carried out for 15-20 hours. After stirring, the oil in the reactor tank settles for at least 20 hours, after which the pronounced water and sludge are poured into the reservoir through the valve 22. Up to 60% of the sludge can be taken. Part of the sludge is returned to the reactor tank 1. The remaining amount of oil through the valve 11 is filtered through a coarse filter 14, the throttle 16 and the valve 12 with drain through the pipe 21 back to the tank using the pump 13. Filtration time in this mode is established empirically and usually does not exceed 10-12 hours. As a coarse filter, a ST-500 filter separator can be used that holds mechanical particles from 40 microns or more. The filter contains four filter-water separating blocks provided that the spent blocks are replaced quickly with new ones. The maximum allowable pressure drop across the filter block is 0.15 MPa with a nominal flow rate of 160 l / min. The tank reactor 1 with a stirrer 6 and heaters 10 provides the neutralization of organic acids, saponification of esters, precipitation and removal of salts. Due to heating and mixing in the reactor tank 1, there is an effective separation of water from oil in the form of vapors.

The pre-refined oil is pumped into the settling tank 2 through the valve 11 by the pump 13 and then through the valves 17 and 19 and through the pipeline 20. Here the oil is heated to a temperature of 60-80 degrees. With and in the double filtration mode, the line 42, the valve 11, the pump 13, the coarse filter 14, the pipe 15, the throttle 16, the taps 17 and 19 through the pipe 37 through the flow meter 18, the fine filter 39, the valve 40 and through pipeline 43 back to the settling tank 2. The double filtration time is within 10-12 hours. As a fine filter, the BF filter block is used. The filter fineness of this filter in its first stage is 10 μm, and in the second stage - 3 μm. In the filtering process, the sludge is drained through the valve 31 into the sump 32 and, if necessary, the amount of oil in the sump tank 2 is added from the reactor tank 1 through the filter 14, valve 17, valve 19 and pipe 20. During the whole process, the heating units 10 and 29 are turned on, what is achieved by improving the quality of filtration.

The purified oil through the valve 40 is sent to the clarification unit 3. The required volume of 36 oil for clarification is controlled by the level gauge 34, after which the filling of the clarification unit is completed and the vacuum pump 50 is turned on.

The oil to be clarified through two layers 46 and 47 of the adsorbent under the influence of vacuum flows into the volume 48 and then is discharged through the pipe 49 into the vacuum tank 4. The maximum residual pressure created by the vacuum pump 50 lies within 1-2 Pa. As a bulk layer, granular silica gel of the KSKG grade or zeolite NaX of the grade A can be used. Powder fractions of 0.1-2 mm in size can also be used. The volumes of oil in the clarification unit 3 and in the vacuum tank 4 are selected approximately the same, so that the end of the oil evacuation through the adsorbent layers 46 and 47 can be detected by the level gauge 34. After that, the vacuum pump is turned off, the valve 52 is switched to communicate with the atmosphere, and clarified oil is selected through the valve 55 via a pipeline 56 into a clean oil tank. The oil purity at the outlet of the installation is no worse than the 5th class according to GOST 17216-01, i.e. in a 100 ml sample, the number of contaminant particles for the corresponding particle size should not exceed: 5-10 microns - 500 particles, 10-25 microns - 250 particles, 25-50 microns - 25 particles, 50-100 microns - 4 particles and 100-200 microns - one particle. The automatic determination of the number and size of contaminant particles was carried out with an GRAN-152 optical analytical instrument equipped with a portable printer for recording the results of particle size analysis.

The advantages of the claimed utility model:

1. The removal of contaminants with the help of this installation helps to extend the life of both the oils themselves and the parts of machines and mechanisms lubricated by them.

2. In addition to mechanical impurities, 80-90% of resins, asphaltenes, carbides, carbon fibers are simultaneously removed with clarification from 9 to 3 points in CNT units.

3. The acid number of the oil is reduced from 0.9 to 0.1 mgKOH / g. The content of insoluble precipitate decreases from 1 to 0.09-0.1%; flash point rises to 180 C.

4. Evacuation of oil during clarification through the adsorbent layer allows evenly distributing the flow in the clarifier medium, maximizing the use of the potential of the adsorbent working surfaces throughout its entire volume and avoiding unnecessary oil contamination when using an injection pump, the friction parts of which are an additional source of contamination.

Information sources:

1. Shashkin P.I., Bry I.V. Waste oil recovery. M., Chemistry, 1970

2. Gushchin V.A., Ostrikov V.V. Theoretical background for the restoration of the basic operational properties of lubricating oils. Tambov, 1994

3. Fuchs G.I. Viscosity and ductility of petroleum products. M., 2003

4. RF patent No. 2029781, cl. С01М 175/02, 1995. A universal installation for the regeneration of waste oils.

5. RF patent No. 2034910, cl. С10М 175/02, 1995. A method for the regeneration of used oils and an installation for its implementation.

6. RF patent No. 2066863, cl. С10М 175/02, 1996. Method for the regeneration of used mineral oils and a plant for its implementation.

7. GOST 17216-01. Industrial cleanliness. Classes of purity of liquids.

Claims (1)

Installation for cleaning and clarification of spent mineral oils, which includes a series-connected tank reactor, sedimentation tank, clarification unit and a vacuum tank, characterized in that the reactor tank contains an oil inlet line, an agitator with a drive, a first heating unit located on a modifier dispenser lid and a drain line, on which the first three-way valve is installed, with its outputs connected to the discharge pump and to the drain line from the sump tank, a load filter is placed in series at the outlet of the discharge pump nd purification reactor and a second three-way valve, there is a branch with a relief valve and drain line into the tank reactor between the coarse filter and choke; the second three-way valve with its outputs is also connected to the line for draining the oil into the tank of the reactor and with the third three-way valve, the outputs of which are the line for draining the oil into the sump tank and the oil supply line through the flow meter, fine filter and the fourth three-way valve, one output of which is connected with a clarification unit, the second exit - with a settling tank, while the settling tank is equipped with a second heating unit and a level gauge, the clarification unit contains a breather, a level gauge and a metal grill located in its lower part with g revoked or powdered adsorbent, a space under the grate is connected to a vacuum tank conduit provided with a vacuum pump, and oil vapor trap degassing unit, wherein the vacuum tank is connected to the output capacity of a clear oil.