RU117849U1 - Plywood (OPTIONS) AND BEAM - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Plywood containing layers of peeled veneer, including outer layers and inner layers (s), and reinforced with wood pins throughout its entire thickness, in which the directions of the wood grain in at least two of of said layers are crossed, said pins are located obliquely and are oriented in at least two non-coincident directions, while at least one of said inner layers is sampled at least a quarter of the layer material in the form of through holes. ! 2. Plywood comprising plywood according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes mentioned above are regularly spaced at substantially the same distance from each other. ! 3. Plywood comprising plywood according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the inner surface of said outer layers is provided with rows of grooves. ! 4. Plywood containing plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said veneer is a peeled softwood veneer. ! 5. Plywood, containing plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said veneer in it is a peeled birch veneer. ! 6. Plywood, containing plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said pins are regularly arranged in it, in a substantially staggered pattern. ! 7. Plywood containing plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said pins have an inclination at an angle of 10 to 70 ° relative to the normal. ! 8. Plywood containing plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said pins are made of beech and / or birch. ! 9. Plywood containing plywood according to

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY TO WHICH A USEFUL MODEL IS

The utility model relates to building structures, and more specifically, to layered building products from peeled veneer.

BACKGROUND

Known wood materials consisting of several layers of glued together layers of wood, in particular plywood and joinery (AU 80770/82 B, USSR copyright certificate No. 1377352, European patent No. 0194238). These materials are mainly used as finishing materials and for the manufacture of unloaded or lightly loaded parts of furniture products.

Known for wood materials with crossed wood fibers in adjacent layers (RF patent No. 2198271 C2, published patent application US No. 2004/0101649 A1, European application No. 1321598 A2, European application No. 0564675 A1, publication of international application WO 2008/028925 A1, German application No. 3517449 A1, German application No. 3517449 A1, German application No. 3840093 A1, German utility model No. 29721848 U1, US patent No. 6106655, Swiss patent No. 664185 A5, Canadian application No. 2463192 A1, UK application No. 292734A, US patent No. 7384675 B2 )

From the aforementioned US Pat. No. 6,106,655, wood materials are known comprising layers of wooden planks joined together by lateral ends and superimposed by layers, in which the directions of the wood fibers in adjacent layers are crossed, longitudinal grooves for glue are made in the layers,

The disadvantage of glued materials is that the volatile components of adhesives inevitably pollute indoor air, have a smell and can be toxic, and hazardous and harmful substances may be released when burning such products, which complicates their processing and reduces fire safety. In addition, adhesives form a diffusion barrier that impedes normal moisture exchange.

From the aforementioned German application No. 3517449, it is known to combine wood layers with a cross orientation of wood fibers by hot pressing. The disadvantage of this connection is the low strength and complexity of the technology.

From the German patent for utility model DE 29721848 U1 and the aforementioned European application 1321598 A2, wood products are known with crossed wood fibers in adjacent layers, in which the layers of the boards are interconnected by non-wood pins (metal, aluminum, plastic, glass fiber reinforced elements), and their ends are docked on the tongue-and-groove comb.

Wood materials with non-wood dowels are highly costly and difficult to dispose of.

From the above-mentioned publications of international applications WO 2007/028187 A1, WO 2008/028925 A1 and from German application No. 3840093 A1, joining of boards with wooden dowels is known.

Known wood material reinforced with wooden dowels over the entire thickness, containing layers of wooden parts, in which the directions of the wood fibers in at least two of the mentioned layers are crossed and the dowels are oriented normal (patent for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2198251).

A disadvantage of the known material that impedes the achievement of the following technical result is that under the action of bending forces and forces oriented in the same direction with the pins, the lateral joints of the parts in the layers diverge and delaminate due to the tangential displacement of the layers relative to each other and plane-parallel sliding wooden parts along the pins.

Known glueless wooden panel, reinforced with wooden pins throughout its thickness, in which the mentioned pins are oriented in different intersecting directions (RF patent for utility model No. 966150, selected as a prototype).

DISCLOSURE OF THE ESSENCE OF A USEFUL MODEL

For definiteness, the terms and expressions used in this text are given the following meaning.

The term "stud" means a rod fastener that is installed with an interference fit for fastening layers of wooden parts.

The term "peeled veneer" means soy wood obtained by peeling (unwinding churak) of barked wood.

The objective of this utility model is to create high-strength glueless plywood with enhanced heat and sound insulation characteristics.

The technical result consists in increasing the strength and thermal resistance of glueless laminated wood products.

These problems are solved due to the fact that in plywood, which contains layers of peeled veneer, including the outer layers and the inner (s) layers (th), and reinforced with wooden pins throughout its thickness, in which the directions of the wood fibers, at least two of said layers are crossed, said pins are tilted and oriented in at least two diverging directions, with at least a quarter of the samples being made in at least one of said inner layers layer material into view through holes.

Wooden pins provide a firm connection of all layers of material with an interference fit due to swelling of the pins as moisture is absorbed. For fasteners use elements with reduced moisture content relative to the connected parts.

The location of the pins at an angle to the main plane of the plywood and the orientation of the pins in several non-parallel directions, that is, crossing the pins, eliminates the delamination of plywood under the action of forces directed at any angle to the normal plywood sheet. The pins can be located at an angle of 45 degrees to the plane of the plywood and can be oriented in two different directions so that pins having the same orientation are located in mutually parallel planes, and between them also in mutually parallel planes there are pins in a different orientation, while pins in adjacent planes are crossed at an angle of 90 degrees.

The strength of the products increases due to the fact that the peeled veneer contains a deliberately fewer defects in the plane of the layer than any other lumber. The strength of veneer lumber can be 1.3–3.0 times higher than the strength of a similar glued timber.

The heat and sound insulating properties of the product are improved thanks to the layers of perforated veneer.

The use of peeled veneer allows you to fully compensate for the low strength of the perforated layers and to obtain products that exceed the prototype in terms of its heat and sound insulating properties and, at the same time, are not inferior to it in strength.

Another of the results is to simplify the shaping of products, namely, the possibility of manufacturing plywood products of complex geometric configuration, for example, beams with a round cross section and products highly curved in plan.

The aforementioned results are also achieved by using plywood containing the above-described plywood, in which the holes and / or furrows mentioned above are regularly arranged at substantially the same distance from each other.

The aforementioned results are also achieved by using plywood containing the above-described plywood, in which said furrows are located on one side of said inner layer or on both sides.

The above results are also achieved by using plywood containing the above-described plywood, in which the inner surface of said outer layers is provided with rows of furrows.

The above results are also achieved by using plywood containing the above-described plywood, in which said veneer is a peeled veneer of coniferous wood.

The above results are also achieved by using plywood containing the above-described plywood, in which said veneer is a peeled birch veneer.

The aforementioned results are also achieved by using plywood containing the above-described plywood, in which said pins are arranged regularly, essentially in a checkerboard pattern.

The above results are also achieved by using plywood containing the above-described plywood, in which the said pins have an inclination at an angle of 10 to 70 degrees with respect to the normal.

The above results are also achieved by using plywood containing the above-described plywood, in which said pins are made of beech and / or birch.

The aforementioned results are also achieved by using plywood containing the above-described plywood; said pins are provided with longitudinal corrugation.

The aforementioned results are also achieved by using plywood containing the above-described plywood, in which the joining of said layers is further strengthened by hot pressing.

The above results are also achieved by using plywood containing the above-described plywood, in which the directions of the fibers in the layers mentioned above are crossed at an angle of 30 to 90 degrees.

The aforementioned results are also achieved by using a beam containing peeled veneer layers, including outer layers and inner layers (s) reinforced with wooden pins throughout its thickness, in which the directions of the wood fibers are at least , in two of said layers are crossed, said pins are tilted and oriented in at least two diverging directions, with at least one quarter of the mat being made in at least one of said inner layers iala layer in the form of through holes.

In a particular embodiment, the layers of said peeled veneer are arranged concentrically.

In another particular embodiment, the ratio of the height and length of the cross section is 1: 1 ÷ 1.5.

It should be understood that the above products may be inherent in any one or more features of particular and preferred forms of execution, provided that they do not exclude each other; such combinations of features are also included in the scope of the present utility model as possible particular embodiments.

The above materials can be used for the manufacture of wall, ceiling and roofing elements, wooden racks and beams.

The number, sequence of arrangement of layers, the shape and size of parts in the layers, the orientation of the wood fibers in the layers, the number of fasteners, the method of their installation, etc. can be selected by the average specialist on the basis of general knowledge and known principles of calculating the static load.

For a better understanding of the ideas of this utility model, the following are drawings showing particular embodiments, the presence, location, and relationships of its constituent elements. However, although the utility model may be described herein with reference to the positions of the elements shown in the drawings, the elements of the utility model should not be identified with specific reference elements of the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The figure 1 shows a sheet of plywood 10 according to one of the variants of the utility model, alternating layers of perforated and non-perforated veneer are visible at the ends.

The figure 2 schematically shows the location of the layers of plywood 10 on the example of a five-layer product.

The figure 3 schematically shows the mutual arrangement of the pins 20 and 22 in the plywood 10, the inner layers are not shown conventionally, the outer layers of the veneer 12 and 14 are conventionally shown in the form of coplanar planes.

The figure 4 schematically shows the orientation of the pins 20 and 22 relative to the inner layers of plywood 10 (not shown conventionally in front).

The figure 5 schematically shows the location of the pins 20 in the thickness of the plywood sheet; it is clearly seen that the pins 20 are installed through inlets located on the side of one of the outer layers 12.

Figure 6 schematically shows the location of the pins 20 and 22 in the thickness of the plywood sheet; it is clearly seen that the pins 20 and 22 are arranged in mutually parallel rows, while the inlets for the pins 22 are located on the opposite side of the plywood sheet with respect to the inlets for the pins 20, while the distance between adjacent rows of pins 20 and 22 is less than the distance between adjacent rows of pins 20, and adjacent rows of pins 22.

IMPLEMENTATION OF A USEFUL MODEL

The following examples are given only to illustrate the general concept of a utility model. Nothing in this section of the description should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

As shown in FIGS. 1-3, plywood, according to the present utility model, comprises layers of wooden parts, including outer layers 12, 14 and inner layer 16; plywood is reinforced with wooden pins 20 and 22 throughout its thickness; the directions of the wood fibers in layers 12 and 18, as well as in layers 14 and 19 are crossed, the said pins 20 and 22 are inclined and oriented in at least two mismatched directions, while samples are made in layers 18 and 19, according to at least a quarter of the material of the layer in the form of through holes.

Thanks to samples of at least a quarter of the layer material in the form of through holes, the thermal resistance and vapor permeability of plywood were increased compared to the analogue.

It should be clear that the average person can use the main distinguishing features of this utility model and make equivalent replacements to achieve the technical task; such substitutions are included in the scope of protection according to the utility model below.

Claims (14)

1. Plywood, containing layers of peeled veneer, including the outer layers and inner (s) layers (th), and reinforced with wooden pins throughout its thickness, in which the directions of the wood fibers are in at least two of said layers are crossed, said pins are inclined and oriented in at least two diverging directions, with at least one of said inner layers being sampled at least a quarter of the layer material in the form of through holes. 2. Plywood containing plywood according to claim 1, characterized in that the openings mentioned above are regularly located at substantially the same distance from each other. 3. Plywood containing plywood according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the inner surface of said outer layers is provided with rows of furrows. 4. Plywood containing plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said veneer is a peeled veneer of coniferous wood. 5. Plywood containing plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said veneer is a peeled birch veneer in it. 6. Plywood, containing plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said pins are arranged regularly, essentially in a checkerboard pattern. 7. Plywood containing plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said pins have an inclination at an angle of 10 to 70 ° with respect to the normal. 8. Plywood containing plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said pins are made of beech and / or birch. 9. Plywood, containing plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said pins are provided with longitudinal corrugation. 10. Plywood, containing plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in it the connection of the said layers is additionally hardened by hot pressing. 11. Plywood containing plywood according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in it the fiber directions in the layers mentioned above are crossed at an angle of 30 to 90 °. 12. A beam containing layers of peeled veneer, including outer layers and inner (s) layers (s), reinforced with wooden pins throughout its thickness, in which the directions of the wood fibers are in at least two of the aforementioned layers are crossed, said pins are inclined and oriented in at least two diverging directions, while at least one of the said inner layers is sampled at least a quarter of the layer material in the form of through holes. 13. The beam according to item 12, in which the layers of the said peeled veneer are arranged concentrically. 14. The beam according to item 12, in which the ratio of height and length of the cross section is 1: 1-1.5.