RU113911U1 - UNIVERSAL STERN CULTIVATOR WITH TURN OF THE SOIL LAYER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to universal tillage units that perform several technological operations in one pass.

The technical result that can be achieved using the proposed utility model is reduced to high reliability, maintaining a given depth of soil cultivation, ensuring optimal soil copying and creating optimal surface mulching of the soil layer. The all-metal frame 1 (Fig. 1.) of the universal cultivator is the main bearing part, to which, using brackets 2, plane-cutting working bodies 3 are made, made in a checkerboard pattern. To ensure lateral stability of the universal cultivator, external plane-cutting working bodies are located in the second row. The plane-cutting working bodies 3 in the lower part consist of a ploughshare 4 (Fig. 2), winged side knives 5, with curved guide plates 6, made with a radius of curvature of 170 mm and having a longitudinal section in width of 40 mm in the upper part. The design of the curved guide plates allows for the rotation of the soil layer and intensive mixing of crop residues and soil over the entire width and depth of processing.

Guide dumps 7 are attached to the flat cutting working bodies 3, which allows avoiding clogging with crop residues of the flat cutting working bodies 3 and additional soil mixing. Safety brackets 8 are provided on the brackets 2 and the flat-cutting working bodies 3, which, with the help of various holes on the brackets 2 and the flat-cutting working bodies 3, allow you to adjust the tilt angle of the paws for various types of soils, which ensures good entry of the flat-cutting working bodies 2 of the universal cultivator in dry hard soils, with humidity less than 10%.

To ensure the stability of the universal cultivator, the external plane-cutting working bodies 3 are located in the second row. The mechanism 9 for controlling the depth of penetration of the working bodies 3 consists of a support wheel 10 connected by a support 11 of the support wheel 10 using an arm 12 with an all-metal frame 1. At the same time, a two-beam parallelogram frame 13, made in a single unit, is fixed to the all-metal frame 1, which makes it easy to adjust the depth processing and ensure the accuracy of the penetration of plane-cutting working bodies.

To the two-beam parallelogram frame 13, concave hemispherical disks 14 are fixed (Fig. 3) located at angles “α” of 20 degrees. and "β", equal to 60 degrees, along the course and height of tillage. Concave hemispherical disks 14 are fixed to a two-beam parallelogram frame 13 using stands 15 and brackets 16, to protect the concave hemispherical disks 14 from overloads and damage, safety shear bolts 17 are used. Parallel mounted concave hemispherical disks 14 and double ribbed rollers 19, 20 are made as a single block Therefore, the adjustment of the depth and displacement limitations of the concave hemispherical disks 14 and the double ribbed rollers 19, 20 is ensured by the rearrangement of the fingers on the adjustable plate 21 INE.

For intensive crumbling of the soil and additional reconsolidation of the subsurface soil layer, multifunctional dual ribbed rollers 19, 20 are used with sequential arrangement in sections, the ribs mounted on the stiffness disks on the first roller 19 (Fig. 5) are located at an angle of 12 degrees to the axis of rotation of the rollers . To improve the grinding of soil blocks, the incorporation of crop residues and the re-compaction of the subsurface soil layer on the second disk 20, the number of ribs installed on the stiffness disks has been increased and placed parallel to the axis of rotation of the rollers. Double ribbed rollers 19, 20 by means of bearing bearings 22 (Fig. 4), mounting supports 23 of dual rollers 19, 20 with a radial groove hole 24 and plates 25 of double ribbed rollers 19, 20 are connected to a two-beam parallelogram frame 13. The mounting support 23 of the twin ribbed rollers 19, 20 with a radial groove hole 24 when hitting obstacles of the twin ribbed rollers 19, 20 provides the deflection of the twin ribbed rollers 19, 20 without hollowing the universal stubble cultivator and ensuring optimal copying with double p with finned rollers 19, 20 of the topography of the soil with preservation of the specified depth of processing.

To connect a universal stubble cultivator with a tractor, a three-point hinged joint 26 is used, which provides copying of the soil relief by a universal cultivator with a "floating" position of the tractor hydraulics.

Fig. 5,

1 F

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to universal tillage units that perform several technological operations in one pass.

State of the art

A device for tillage is known, which is based on a disk harrow, the design of which allows folding it for transportation, containing a frame with a middle and side parts. The lateral parts can be folded relative to the middle part around horizontal axes oriented in the direction of movement from the working horizontal position to the vertical transport. The middle part of the frame can be lowered to a position in which the lifting hydraulic cylinders are completely unloaded. After this operation, the remaining clearance is sufficient for transportation. The advantage of the complete unloading of the lifting hydraulic cylinders is that the machine remains in the transport position even if it is disconnected from the tractor’s hydraulic system (see French No. 2590107, class A01B 21/08, 73/04, 63 / 22, publ. 05.22.1987).

The disadvantage of this device is the low reliability and low quality of the soil.

Known combined tillage machine containing a horizontal rotary working body mounted on a frame in the form of disk cutters and loosely and staggered loosening working bodies in the form of plane cutters and chisel paws with plungers, while it is equipped with additional rotary working located on the frame behind the horizontal rotary working body bodies with vertical axes of rotation, the distance between which is equal to the width of their grip, and the chisel legs are equipped with free pairs mounted in their racks rotating rollers, while the distances from the lower edges of the pliers cutters to the axis of rotation of the horizontal rotary working body are greater than the radius of its disk cutters, the lower edges of the teeth of rotor organs with vertical axes of rotation are located above the cutting plane of the disk cutters, and at least one of the pairs of rollers of each the chisel paws are located below the lower edges of the oral pliers of the plane cutters (see US Pat. RU No. 2015630, class A01B 49/02, publ. July 15, 1994).

The disadvantage of this machine is the low quality of soil treatment.

Known combined tillage unit, including a frame with support wheels, adjustment mechanisms and sequentially located disk batteries, plano cutting working bodies and a roller, while a drum is mounted on the frame behind the plane cutting working bodies, the blades of which are arranged radially and equipped with sharpeners, and the roller is connected to the frame articulated with the help of spring-loaded racks, while its disks are equipped with rods with knife-shaped teeth, the latter of which are installed at right angles to each other (see Pat. RU No. 21 23776, CL A01B 49/02, publ. 12/27/1998).

The disadvantage of this unit is that it does not provide the necessary soil preparation for sowing winter crops.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect is a universal tillage unit, which includes a frame with support wheels, flat-cutting working bodies, concave single discs, tubular rollers, spring bars located behind the tubular rollers, and mechanisms for regulating the depth of soil cultivation. In this case, the initially located plane-cutting working bodies are attached to the frame with brackets, single concave disks are located behind the plane-cutting working bodies and are connected by a single unit with dual tubular rollers with a two-frame frame, the strings are located on the same frame with dual tubular rollers, (see Pat. RU No. 96451, class A.01. B 49/02, published on 08/10/2010).

The disadvantage of this tillage unit is the insufficient incorporation of crop residues during stubble cultivation and the insufficient intensity of crumbling of lumps of soil during processing of solid soils.

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the proposed utility model is the development of a universal stubble cultivator with a rotation of the soil layer, used for any application conditions from stubble cultivation to presowing treatment and performing several technological operations in one pass:

- the ability to ensure the turnover of the soil during cultivation and intensive mixing of soil and crop residues throughout the depth and tillage during stubble cultivation, due to the implementation of the guide plates curved, which are fixed at the ends of the winged side knives;

- the ability of the soil flow to come to a stable position before using the next working body due to the design features of the arrangement of uprights and hemispherical disks;

- crushing of soil blocks into small fractions, compaction of the subsurface soil layer with double ribbed leveling rollers, leveling the surface layer to preserve soil moisture reserves, prevent wind and water erosion.

- the ability to better maintain the depth of tillage and the exact keeping of the working depth during pre-sowing tillage for sowing winter crops due to the compact design of a universal stubble cultivator.

The technical result that can be achieved using the proposed utility model is reduced to high structural reliability, the rotation of the soil during cultivation and intensive mixing of the soil and crop residues over the entire area and depth of cultivation, the best management of the depth of tillage during pre-sowing tillage, ensuring copying the topography of the soil and creating the optimal surface soil layer.

The technical result is achieved using a universal stubble cultivator with a revolution of the soil layer containing an all-metal frame with support wheels, to which, using brackets, plane-cutting working bodies are fixed, arranged in a checkerboard pattern and made in the form of racks, in the upper part of which a safety system against overloads is installed, and equipped with holes with the ability to change the angle of attack depending on the type and moisture of the soil, while in the lower part of the plane-cutting working bodies installed plowshares, winged side knives at an angle of 15 degrees, with curved guide plates made from rounding radii of 170 mm, which in the upper part have a longitudinal section of 40 mm wide, guide blades, and concave hemispherical disks in the upper part are equipped with a safety system and are equipped with a safety system to facilitate regulation of the depth of tillage is performed as a single unit on one parallelogram two-frame frame with double ribbed rollers. The mechanism for regulating the depth of the plane-cutting working bodies consists of a support wheel connected by a support of the support wheel with an all-metal frame.

Thus, the technical result is achieved due to the all-metal frame containing flat-cutting working bodies arranged in a checkerboard pattern, due to the large height of the frame and significant intervals between rows of flat-cutting working bodies, failure-free operation is ensured, even with a significant amount of crop residues, external flat-cutting working bodies, located in the second row, thus providing lateral stability of the universal stubble cultivator and no additional supporting wheels. The two-beam parallelogram frame in conjunction with parallel-mounted concave hemispherical disks, which are installed at vertical and angular directions along with the universal stubble cultivator and twin sequentially located ribbed rollers, is made as a single unit, which makes it easy to adjust the depth of cultivation, provides the necessary depth of cultivator and Separate adjustment of concave hemispherical discs is not required. Thanks to continuous processing with intensive mixing of crop residues and soil, the rapid germination of carrion and weed seeds is ensured after the treatment of stubble crops. The pendulum suspension of the double ribbed rollers produces an exact load distribution and, thus, provides re-compaction of the subsurface soil layer and copying the relief of the soil surface.

A brief description of the drawings.

In figure 1. The scheme of a universal stubble cultivator with a rotation of the soil layer is given, side view.

In Fig. 2, there is given a diagram of plane-cutting working bodies with curved guide plates fixed at the ends of the winged side knives of a universal stubble cultivator with a revolution of the soil layer, side view.

Figure 3., given the connection diagram of the double concave hemispherical discs of a universal stubble cultivator with a revolution of the soil layer, side view.

Figure 4., given the connection diagram of the twin ribbed rollers of the universal stubble cultivator with a revolution of the soil layer, side view.

In Fig. 5, there is given a diagram of the section of double ribbed rollers with an angle of attack during soil treatment of a universal stubble cultivator with a revolution of the soil layer, top view.

Implementation of a utility model.

A universal stubble cultivator consists of an all-metal frame 1 (Fig. 1), made of a rectangular section profile, and which is the main supporting part, to which plane-cutting working bodies 3, staggered, are attached using brackets 2. To ensure lateral stability of the universal cultivator, the external plane-cutting working bodies are located in the second row. The flat-cutting working bodies 3 in the lower part consist of a share 4 (Fig. 2), winged side knives 5 set at an angle of 15 degrees with curved guide plates 6, for cutting the soil layer over the entire surface and ensuring the rotation of the soil layer and intensive mixing of crop residues and the soil.

On the winged side knives 5 installed in the lower part of the plane-cutting working bodies 3, there are curved guide plates 6 made with a radius of curvature of 170 mm and having a longitudinal section of 40 mm wide in the upper part.

The design of the curved guide plates allows the rotation of the soil layer and intensive mixing of crop residues and soil over the entire width and depth of processing, and the guide dumps 7 make it possible to avoid clogging with crop residues by plane-cutting working bodies 3 and additional mixing of the soil. Safety brackets 8 are provided on the brackets 2 and the flat-cutting working bodies 3, which, with the help of various openings on the brackets 2 and the flat-cutting working bodies 3, allow you to adjust the tilt angle of the paws for various types of soils, which ensures good entry of the flat-cutting working bodies 3 of the universal stubble cultivator even in dry hard soils, with soil moisture less than 10%.

To ensure the stability of the course of the universal stubble cultivator, the external plane-cutting working bodies 3 are located in the second row. The mechanism 9 for adjusting the depth of depth of the plane-cutting working bodies 3 consists of a support wheel 10 connected by a support 11 of the support wheel 10 using an arm 12 with an all-metal frame 1. At the same time, a two-beam parallelogram frame 13, made in a single unit, is fixed to the all-metal frame 1, which makes it easy to adjust depth of processing and ensure accurate penetration of the universal stubble cultivator.

Concave hemispherical disks 14 are attached to the two-beam parallelogram frame 13 (Fig. 3) using stands 15 and brackets 16, and safety shear bolts 17 are used to protect the concave hemispherical disks 17. For installing concave hemispherical disks 14 on the brackets 16 and stands 15 there are holes 18.

Parallel mounted concave hemispherical disks 14 and dual ribbed rollers 19, 20 are made as a single unit, therefore, the adjustment of the soil depth limit and the movement of concave hemispherical disks 14 and dual ribbed rollers 19, 20 is provided by rearranging the fingers on the adjustment plate 21.

For intensive crumbling of the soil and additional reconsolidation of the subsurface soil layer, multifunctional twin ribbed rollers 19, 20 are used with sequential arrangement and uniting into sections. The ribs installed on the stiffness disks of the first ribbed roller 19 are located at an angle "y" equal to 12 degrees to the axis of rotation (figure 5). On the second ribbed roller 20, in order to improve soil crumbling and an additional reverse compactor of the subsurface soil layer, the number of ribs located parallel to the axis of rotation of the rollers is increased. Double ribbed rollers 19, 20 using bearing bearings 22 (Fig. 4), support legs 23 for double ribbed rollers 19, 20 with a radial groove hole 24 and mounting plates 25 for double ribbed rollers 19, 20 are connected to a two-beam parallelogram frame 13.

The mounting support 23 of the twin ribbed rollers 19, 20 with a radial groove hole 24 when hitting obstacles of the ribbed rollers 19, 20 provides the deflection of the twin ribbed rollers 19, 20 without deepening the universal stubble cultivator while maintaining the specified depth of tillage.

To connect the universal cultivator with the tractor, a three-point articulated joint 26 is used, which provides copying of the soil with a universal stubble cultivator with a "floating" position of hydraulics.

Universal stubble cultivator with a full turn of the soil layer works as follows.

Before starting work, the tractor is aggregated with a universal stubble cultivator using a three-point swivel 26 and the universal stubble cultivator is moved from the transport to the working position when the hydraulic position is “floating” using the tractor hydraulic cylinder (not indicated in Fig.). Surface treatment of stubble and pre-sowing treatment of any type of soil and at any soil moisture is carried out using plane-cutting working bodies 3, rigidly connected to the frame 1 using brackets 2, tuned to this type of soil with shear bolts 8 tuned to the holes, allowing you to adjust the angle tilting the share 4 and wing side knives 5 with curved guide plates 6 for cutting the soil layer, ensuring the turnover of the soil layer and intensively mixing the crop residues and soil over the entire width and g the bast of soil cultivation. The guide dumps 7 make it possible to avoid clogging of flat-cutting working bodies 3 with crop residues and additionally mix the soil. Plane cutting working bodies 3 are protected from overloads by a safety system consisting of a shear mechanism 8 mounted on an arm 2 and a plane cutting tool 3. The depth of stubble cultivation is adjusted by the support wheel 10 and the soil tillage depth adjustment mechanism 9, which is made in the form of an arm 12, mounted on the side parts of an all-metal frame 1. Concave hemispherical disks 14 sequentially installed behind plane-cutting working bodies 3 located at angles “α”, p vnogo 20 degrees. and “β”, equal to 60 deg., along the course and height of the soil cultivation, are installed along the width of the soil cultivation behind the winged side knives for leveling, mixing and grinding the soil and vegetation cover. Concave hemispherical disks fixed to a two-beam parallelogram frame 13 by stands 15 and brackets 16 are protected from overloads by a protective safety system consisting of safety shear bolts 17.

Double ribbed rollers 19, 20 are designed for intensive crumbling of soil blocks and additional compaction of the subsurface soil layer. Moreover, on the first roller 19, the ribs are mounted on the stiffness disks of the rollers and are located at an angle of 12 degrees to the axis of rotation of the roller. On the second skating rink 20, in order to improve crumbling of the soil, incorporation of crop residues and additional reconsolidation of the subsurface soil layer, the number of ribs mounted on the stiffness disks and parallel to the axis of rotation of the rollers was increased. Double ribbed rollers 19, 20 with the help of bearing bearings 22, mounting supports 23 with a radial groove hole 24 are protected when hitting obstacles without deepening the entire universal stubble cultivator.

Thus, the implementation of the universal stubble cultivator in the form of an all-metal frame 1, the use of a protective safety system against overloads of flat-cutting working bodies 3 with curved guide plates 6 located on the wing side knives 5, including using holes 8 for various types of soils and at any surface moisture soil layer, the use of a single block of concave hemispherical disks 14 for leveling, crushing blocks of soil and sealing crop residues with a protective protective system, with successively arranged double ribbed rollers 19, 20 with a mounting support 23 of double ribbed rollers 19, 20 with a radial groove hole 24, provide high-quality cutting with the rotation of the soil layer, mixing of crop residues and soil along the entire depth and width of processing with simultaneous embedding crop residues and leveling the surface soil layer to maintain soil moisture reserves with reverse compaction of the subsurface soil layer.

The proposed utility model in comparison with prototypes and other well-known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- turnover of the soil layer and intensive mixing of crop residues and soil over the entire width and depth of processing, through the use of curved guide plates mounted on wing side knives;

- plane-cutting working bodies and concave hemispherical disks of a universal stubble cultivator at overloads are protected by a convenient safety system;

- winged side knives are able to change the angle of inclination depending on the type and moisture of the soil and provide cutting, loosening and intensive mixing of crop residues in the soil with high stubble height and weed vegetation and with shallow presowing cultivation of the soil for sowing winter crops;

- the use of a single block of concave hemispherical disks together with dual ribbed rollers, does not require separate adjustment of the disks when setting the depth of tillage and optimal copying of the soil surface is ensured;

Claims (1)

A universal stubble cultivator with a turn of the soil layer, containing an all-metal frame with support wheels, to which plane-cutting working bodies are arranged using brackets, arranged in a checkerboard pattern and made in the form of racks, in the upper part of which a safety system against overloads is installed, and equipped with holes with the possibility changes in the angle of attack, while in the lower part of the plane-cutting organs there is a ploughshare, winged side knives at an angle of 15 °, guide dumps, and concave hemispherical The disks in the upper part are equipped with a safety system and are fixed to a two-beam parallelogram frame made as a single unit with double ribbed rollers to facilitate depth and accuracy of deepening of plane-cutting working bodies, the support of fastening of double ribbed rollers with a radial groove hole when hitting obstacles allows double copying ribbed rollers of the soil topography without hollowing the universal stubble cultivator with a given depth of cultivation soil cultivation, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with curved guide plates with a radius of curvature of 170 mm, having a longitudinal section in the upper part of 40 mm wide, mounted on wing side knives, which allow cultivation to produce a turn of the soil layer with intensive mixing of crop residues and soil across the entire width and depth of processing.